Proto-Uralic/derived: Difference between revisions
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|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10" | The "fish"/"net" cluster | ! colspan="10" | The "fish"/"net" cluster | ||
|- | |||
| "fish" | |||
| *kala || *kólé || kal || ''*kol'' || - || ''hal'' || *kuul || ''*kuul'' || *kålä | |||
|- | |||
| "net" | |||
| *kalim || - || || - || K. kulɤm || haalo || *kuuləp || *kaaləp || - | |||
|- | |||
| "to fish with a net" | |||
| *kulta || *kolté || - || ''*kelðə-'' || U. ''kalt'' ~ K. ''kɤlt'' || - || *kult- || *kåål- || Se. qolde- | |||
| Ma. & P. point to *ä | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "net" | | "net" | ||
| | | - || - || - || - || K. tɯl || - || *tåləɣ || *toɣəl || - | ||
| Metathesis?! | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "fish" | | "fish trap" | ||
| | | *kola || - || - || - || K. koĺas || - || - || - || - | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10" | Long vs. short vowels | ! colspan="10" | Long vs. short vowels | ||
|- | |||
| "to swallo" | |||
| *neele- || *ńélɤ- || '''ńiĺe-''' || *nela- || *ńɯl(ɯ)- <!-- -M in Komi-->|| '''ńel-''' || *ńääl- || *ńeel- || '''*nɤl-''' | |||
|- | |||
| "tongue" | |||
| - || *ńálmé || || || || ńeel || *ńiil || *ńääl || | |||
|- | |||
| "to die" | |||
| *koole- || - || ''kulo-'' || *kole- || *kul- || hal- || '''*kaal-''' || *kal- || *kåə- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "death" | | "death" | ||
| | | *kalma || *kólmé || || || - || - || - || - || *kålm- | ||
|- | |||
| "pole" | |||
| *vooli || - || - || - || rowspan="2" style="background:#EEEEEE;valign:middle"| K. '''ɯɯ''' ? || - || *ula || *wol || - | |||
|- | |||
| "pole" | |||
| *ulku || style="color:red"| *holkɤ || olga || - || || *aawla || *oɣəl || *uj | |||
|- | |||
| "to hit" | |||
| ''*löö-'' || - || - || ''*lüe-'' || K. lɯj- || löv- || *li- || - || *jöw- | |||
|- | |||
| "to find" | |||
| *lewtä- || - || - || - || - || leel || - || - || - | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | Peelings | |||
|- | |||
| "skin" | |||
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || *köör || *koor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || *kêti | |||
| OU *kEr | |||
|- | |||
| "skin" | |||
| *keti || *kɤtɤ || keď || - || - || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "skin" | |||
| || || || ||*kiĺ || || *kääĺən || || | |||
| *-äðʲ- | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | Kinship concatenation? | |||
|- | |||
| "father-in-law" | |||
| F. appi || vóppɤ || style="color:red"| *owo || - || '''ipa''' || *up || *uup || *əpə | |||
|- | |||
| "mother-in-law" | |||
| F. anoppi || *vóném || - || - || - || *aanəp || '''*oonəp''' || *ɯnå | |||
|- | |||
| "aunt" | |||
| Mk. ańa- || *vóńé- || - || U. ańɯ ~ K. ɤń || aanɟ, ańa || *aań(-iikʷa) || *anəkə || *ɤńä | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | Ladies | |||
|- | |||
| "woman" | |||
| F. nainen || - || - || - || naas || '''*nääji''' || *naaji ? || - | |||
|- | |||
| "girl" | |||
| *nej-ti || *néjtɤ || ni || - || *nɯl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || *nê | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | Numerals | |||
|- | |||
| "1" | |||
| *ükti|| *ɤktɤ || E. vejke || *iktə || U. odig ~ K. ɤťik || || *ük || *ej || - | |||
| Mk. '''fkä''' | |||
|- | |||
| "9" | |||
| *ükteksä || *ɤkcé || vejksa || ə~inðekšə || - || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "2" | |||
| F. kaksi || *kókté || kavta || *kok || ''*kɯk'' || keet || *kit || *kiit, käät || *kêtä | |||
| East *kêt, west *kaktV, P. unclear | |||
|- | |||
| "100" | |||
| *sata || *čóté || śada || *šüðə || '''*śoo''' || saaz || *šɯɯt || *saat || - | |||
| ← II *śata; separately in P. ? | |||
|- | |||
| "1000" | |||
| - || - || - || *śurs || - || style="color:red"| *šaatər- || *ťarəs || | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | Open | |||
|- | |||
| "to open" | |||
| F. ava- || - || || || - || - || style="color:red"| '''old-, ood-''' || *ɯɯŋk- || *ääŋ-? aa~ee | |||
|- | |||
| "opening" | |||
| F. aukko || *vóŋɤs || '''*oŋkśt''' || '''äŋ''' || *vɤɤm || aj ~ aaj || - || *ooŋ || *äŋ | |||
| K. also '''vom''' | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | Existential | |||
|- | |||
| "beginning" | |||
| F. alka- || *vólké- || || || - || - || - || style="color:red"| *aawəl || style="color:red"| *aaləŋ || '''*olə-''' | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | Missing *n etc. | |||
|- | |||
| "tail" | |||
| - || - || ||style="color:green"| *paač || style="color:#800000"| *bɤɤž || - ||style="color:purple"| *panš || *poč || style="color:purple"| *pančå | |||
| *po(n)ča | |||
|- | |||
| "nail" | |||
| *künti || *kɤncɤ || kenže || style="color:red"| *kööč || U. gižɯ ~ K. gɯž || - || *künš || *könč || style="color:red"| ''*kəčå'' | |||
| *kü(n)čV | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | More stuff | |||
|- | |||
| "tear" | |||
| *küünel || *kɤńɤl || - || - || U. -kɯĺi || köńń || - || - || ''kəńələ'' | |||
|- | |||
| "to blink" | |||
| F. '''kyyny''' || - || końe- || *kɤɤme- || U. kɯń ~ K. kuń || huń || - || *koń- || *kəń- | |||
|- | |||
| "to cook" | |||
| - || - || pije- || - || K. pu- || (föö-) || *paaj- || - || *pi- | |||
| *pexi; cf. *pêsi ! | |||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 01:19, 7 July 2009
Potential pre-Uralic or inter-Uralic derivation relationships.
| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordvinic | Mari | Permic | Hungarian | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The "fish"/"net" cluster | ||||||||||
| "fish" | *kala | *kólé | kal | *kol | - | hal | *kuul | *kuul | *kålä | |
| "net" | *kalim | - | - | K. kulɤm | haalo | *kuuləp | *kaaləp | - | ||
| "to fish with a net" | *kulta | *kolté | - | *kelðə- | U. kalt ~ K. kɤlt | - | *kult- | *kåål- | Se. qolde- | Ma. & P. point to *ä |
| "net" | - | - | - | - | K. tɯl | - | *tåləɣ | *toɣəl | - | Metathesis?! |
| "fish trap" | *kola | - | - | - | K. koĺas | - | - | - | - | |
| Long vs. short vowels | ||||||||||
| "to swallo" | *neele- | *ńélɤ- | ńiĺe- | *nela- | *ńɯl(ɯ)- | ńel- | *ńääl- | *ńeel- | *nɤl- | |
| "tongue" | - | *ńálmé | ńeel | *ńiil | *ńääl | |||||
| "to die" | *koole- | - | kulo- | *kole- | *kul- | hal- | *kaal- | *kal- | *kåə- | |
| "death" | *kalma | *kólmé | - | - | - | - | *kålm- | |||
| "pole" | *vooli | - | - | - | K. ɯɯ ? | - | *ula | *wol | - | |
| "pole" | *ulku | *holkɤ | olga | - | *aawla | *oɣəl | *uj | |||
| "to hit" | *löö- | - | - | *lüe- | K. lɯj- | löv- | *li- | - | *jöw- | |
| "to find" | *lewtä- | - | - | - | - | leel | - | - | - | |
| Peelings | ||||||||||
| "skin" | *keri | *kɤrɤ | keŕ | *köör | *koor | keerëg | *kiir | *käär | *kêti | OU *kEr |
| "skin" | *keti | *kɤtɤ | keď | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "skin" | *kiĺ | *kääĺən | *-äðʲ- | |||||||
| Kinship concatenation? | ||||||||||
| "father-in-law" | F. appi | vóppɤ | *owo | - | ipa | *up | *uup | *əpə | ||
| "mother-in-law" | F. anoppi | *vóném | - | - | - | *aanəp | *oonəp | *ɯnå | ||
| "aunt" | Mk. ańa- | *vóńé- | - | U. ańɯ ~ K. ɤń | aanɟ, ańa | *aań(-iikʷa) | *anəkə | *ɤńä | ||
| Ladies | ||||||||||
| "woman" | F. nainen | - | - | - | naas | *nääji | *naaji ? | - | ||
| "girl" | *nej-ti | *néjtɤ | ni | - | *nɯl | - | *nii | *niiŋ | *nê | |
| Numerals | ||||||||||
| "1" | *ükti | *ɤktɤ | E. vejke | *iktə | U. odig ~ K. ɤťik | *ük | *ej | - | Mk. fkä | |
| "9" | *ükteksä | *ɤkcé | vejksa | ə~inðekšə | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "2" | F. kaksi | *kókté | kavta | *kok | *kɯk | keet | *kit | *kiit, käät | *kêtä | East *kêt, west *kaktV, P. unclear |
| "100" | *sata | *čóté | śada | *šüðə | *śoo | saaz | *šɯɯt | *saat | - | ← II *śata; separately in P. ? |
| "1000" | - | - | - | *śurs | - | *šaatər- | *ťarəs | |||
| Open | ||||||||||
| "to open" | F. ava- | - | - | - | old-, ood- | *ɯɯŋk- | *ääŋ-? aa~ee | |||
| "opening" | F. aukko | *vóŋɤs | *oŋkśt | äŋ | *vɤɤm | aj ~ aaj | - | *ooŋ | *äŋ | K. also vom |
| Existential | ||||||||||
| "beginning" | F. alka- | *vólké- | - | - | - | *aawəl | *aaləŋ | *olə- | ||
| Missing *n etc. | ||||||||||
| "tail" | - | - | *paač | *bɤɤž | - | *panš | *poč | *pančå | *po(n)ča | |
| "nail" | *künti | *kɤncɤ | kenže | *kööč | U. gižɯ ~ K. gɯž | - | *künš | *könč | *kəčå | *kü(n)čV |
| More stuff | ||||||||||
| "tear" | *küünel | *kɤńɤl | - | - | U. -kɯĺi | köńń | - | - | kəńələ | |
| "to blink" | F. kyyny | - | końe- | *kɤɤme- | U. kɯń ~ K. kuń | huń | - | *koń- | *kəń- | |
| "to cook" | - | - | pije- | - | K. pu- | (föö-) | *paaj- | - | *pi- | *pexi; cf. *pêsi ! |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
