Proto-Samoyedic: Difference between revisions
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These sound changes appear to be shared with Ugric. | These sound changes appear to be shared with Ugric. | ||
* *s, *š → *θ ([ɬ]?) | * *s, *š → *θ ([ɬ]?) | ||
* * | * *sʲ → *s (possibly also: *tsʲ → *ts) | ||
* *ðʲ → *lʲ (shared with Permic; possibly a pseudo-sound change, the case for PU *lʲ is weak, and this may point to *ðʲ being [lʲ]) | * *ðʲ → *lʲ (shared with Permic; possibly a pseudo-sound change, the case for PU *lʲ is weak, and this may point to *ðʲ being [lʲ]) | ||
* *k, *x, *w → ɣ / V_ə | * *k, *x, *w → ɣ / V_ə (all eventually lost) | ||
* *Ck, kC → *ɣC / C = *θ, *s | * *Ck, kC → *ɣC? / C = *θ, *s (no direct evidence due to later loss) | ||
==Proto-East Uralic to Proto-Samoyedic== | ==Proto-East Uralic to Proto-Samoyedic== | ||
* *ŋ → *n / _θ (''*jOŋsi'') | * *ŋ → *n / _θ (''*jOŋsi'') | ||
* *m → *p / _θ (''*pImsimi'') | * *m → *p / _θ ? (''*pImsimi'') | ||
* *θ → *t (counterbleeds the previous — *mt *ŋt remain) | * *θ → *t (counterbleeds the previous — *mt *ŋt remain) | ||
* *ts → *s ? | * *ts → *s ? | ||
* *x → *ə (probably common Uralic) | * *x → *ə (probably common Uralic) | ||
* *o → *a ( | * *o → *a (feeds fronting to *ä in "some" cases; *tolwa → *tälwä, *tåjwä both) | ||
* *ü → *i (feeds the next) | * *ü → *i (feeds the next) | ||
* *i, *u → *ə / _Ca | * *i, *u → *ə / _Ca (block'd by an original cluster) | ||
* *e → *i / _C(C)a | * *e → *i / _C(C)a | ||
* *ɤ → *ɯ / _Ca (sometimes elsewhere: '' | * *ɤ → *ɯ / _Ca (sometimes elsewhere: ''*ëni, *lëmpi'') | ||
* *u → *o / _Ci (counterfeeds *o → *a, | * *u → *o / _Ci (counterfeeds *o → *a, block'd by an original cluster, exceptions: *kulki → *kəj) | ||
(an inefficiently asymmetric set of sound changes! | (an inefficiently asymmetric set of sound changes!) | ||
* *l → *lʲ / _C, _#_, _i(C)# | * *l → *lʲ / _C, _#_, _i(C)# | ||
* possibly: *e → *ɪ / _C(C)i | ** Word-initial development is clear, tho exceptions happen (*lëpsi) | ||
* *ä → *e [ɛ] or [e]? | ** *lw → *jw is clear. *ilm → *əjm may involve palatalization, as may *lki → *j. | ||
** *li → *j may be due to coda position or palatalization | |||
* possibly: *e → *ɪ / _C(C)i | |||
* *ä → *e ([ɛ] or [e]? depends on the previous) | |||
* *a → *ä [æ]? / before a coda palatal (sometimes elsewhere) | * *a → *ä [æ]? / before a coda palatal (sometimes elsewhere) | ||
* *a → *a [ɑ]? / | * *a → *a [ɑ]? / finally after a lateral, after front vowels (sometimes elsewhere) | ||
* *a → *ə / sometimes stem-finally (''*jupta, *konta, *kuma, *sʲala, *sʲoðʲa, *tora'') | * *a → *ə / sometimes stem-finally (''*jupta, *konta, *kuma, *sʲala, *sʲoðʲa, *tora'') | ||
* *a → *å [ɒ] / elsewhere | * *a → *å [ɒ] / elsewhere | ||
* *i → *ə / _# (perhaps not feasible as PEU per palatalization of *l) | |||
* *i → *ə / _# (not feasible as PEU per palatalization of *l) | |||
* *ə → ∅ / VC_# (postcedes x-vocalization, exceptions ''*juri, *sʲüðʲi'') | * *ə → ∅ / VC_# (postcedes x-vocalization, exceptions ''*juri, *sʲüðʲi'') | ||
* *ɣ → ∅ | * *ɣ → ∅ | ||
* *k → ∅ / _C_ (except *-ŋk-) (counterbleeds *ə → ∅, cf. *w-loss) | |||
* *k → ∅ / _C_ (counterbleeds *ə → ∅, cf. *w-loss) | * *w → *m / _lʲ ? (''*käðʲwa'') | ||
* *w → *m / _lʲ (''*käðʲwa'') | |||
* *lʲ → *j (counterbleeds *a → *ä, feeds the next) | * *lʲ → *j (counterbleeds *a → *ä, feeds the next) | ||
* *i → *ə / _j | * *i → *ə / _j | ||
* *ð → *r | * *ð → *r | ||
* *e → *ü / _Cw (*käðwi, *jäwji; but not in *täwði) | * *e → *ü / _Cw (''*käðwi, *jäwji''; but not in ''*täwði'') | ||
* *w → ∅ / in a 2nd syllable (counterbleeds *ə → ∅; ''*jäwji, *käliw, *täwði'', etc. Remains *täwiw → *tiwə, also in *jw) | * *w → ∅ / in a 2nd syllable (counterbleeds *ə → ∅; ''*jäwji, *käliw, *täwði'', etc. Remains *täwiw → *tiwə, also in *jw) | ||
Revision as of 12:55, 6 July 2009
Soundchanges from Proto-Uralic:
Proto-Uralic to Proto-East Uralic
These sound changes appear to be shared with Ugric.
- *s, *š → *θ ([ɬ]?)
- *sʲ → *s (possibly also: *tsʲ → *ts)
- *ðʲ → *lʲ (shared with Permic; possibly a pseudo-sound change, the case for PU *lʲ is weak, and this may point to *ðʲ being [lʲ])
- *k, *x, *w → ɣ / V_ə (all eventually lost)
- *Ck, kC → *ɣC? / C = *θ, *s (no direct evidence due to later loss)
Proto-East Uralic to Proto-Samoyedic
- *ŋ → *n / _θ (*jOŋsi)
- *m → *p / _θ ? (*pImsimi)
- *θ → *t (counterbleeds the previous — *mt *ŋt remain)
- *ts → *s ?
- *x → *ə (probably common Uralic)
- *o → *a (feeds fronting to *ä in "some" cases; *tolwa → *tälwä, *tåjwä both)
- *ü → *i (feeds the next)
- *i, *u → *ə / _Ca (block'd by an original cluster)
- *e → *i / _C(C)a
- *ɤ → *ɯ / _Ca (sometimes elsewhere: *ëni, *lëmpi)
- *u → *o / _Ci (counterfeeds *o → *a, block'd by an original cluster, exceptions: *kulki → *kəj)
(an inefficiently asymmetric set of sound changes!)
- *l → *lʲ / _C, _#_, _i(C)#
- Word-initial development is clear, tho exceptions happen (*lëpsi)
- *lw → *jw is clear. *ilm → *əjm may involve palatalization, as may *lki → *j.
- *li → *j may be due to coda position or palatalization
- possibly: *e → *ɪ / _C(C)i
- *ä → *e ([ɛ] or [e]? depends on the previous)
- *a → *ä [æ]? / before a coda palatal (sometimes elsewhere)
- *a → *a [ɑ]? / finally after a lateral, after front vowels (sometimes elsewhere)
- *a → *ə / sometimes stem-finally (*jupta, *konta, *kuma, *sʲala, *sʲoðʲa, *tora)
- *a → *å [ɒ] / elsewhere
- *i → *ə / _# (perhaps not feasible as PEU per palatalization of *l)
- *ə → ∅ / VC_# (postcedes x-vocalization, exceptions *juri, *sʲüðʲi)
- *ɣ → ∅
- *k → ∅ / _C_ (except *-ŋk-) (counterbleeds *ə → ∅, cf. *w-loss)
- *w → *m / _lʲ ? (*käðʲwa)
- *lʲ → *j (counterbleeds *a → *ä, feeds the next)
- *i → *ə / _j
- *ð → *r
- *e → *ü / _Cw (*käðwi, *jäwji; but not in *täwði)
- *w → ∅ / in a 2nd syllable (counterbleeds *ə → ∅; *jäwji, *käliw, *täwði, etc. Remains *täwiw → *tiwə, also in *jw)
