Slevan grammar outline

Note: This version of Slvanjec is outdated especially as regards the development of the vowels and hence some endings too. It will be updated ASAP. BPJ 10:06, 16 Jul 2005 (PDT)

Nouns and adjectives

Nouns

Nouns in Slevan inflect for number and case, and adjectives in addition inflect for gender. There are three main declensions, with a few subtypes within each declension.

First declension nouns

First declension nouns are typically feminine in gender. Those few masculines of the first declension that existed in Latin have as a rule been superseded by other formations, and loanwords that belong to the first declension masculine in Latin are normally assigned to the second declension in Slevan.

The paradigms for the first declension are roza 'rose' and vilja 'daughter, girl':

	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	roza	roze	vilja	vilje
Genitive	roze	rozár	vilje	viljár
Dative	roze	rozav	vilje	viljav

Second declension nouns

The second declension in Slevan represents a merger of the second and fourth declension of Latin. The nouns belonging here are masculine, with a few exceptions like mán f. 'hand'. There is no neuter gender in Slevan, the neuter having merged into the masculine early on.

The paradigms for the second declension are mýr 'wall' and bánj 'bath':

	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	mýr	myry	bánj	bani
Genitive	myry	myrúr	bani	banjúr
Dative	myru	myrov	banju	banjov

The main subtypes of the second declension are represented by popol 'people' and lábelj 'lip'. Note the extra syllable in the nominative-accusative singular and the alternation between long and short vowel in the stem:

	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	popol	póply	lábelj	labli
Genitive	póply	póplúr	labli	labljúr
Dative	póplu	póplov	lablju	labljov/lablv

Two other subtypes are presented below. Áher 'field' is similar to the two previous types, while amec 'friend' together with other words which ended in -ICUS in Romance forms a subtype of their own:

	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	áher	ahry	amec	ameczi
Genitive	ahry	ahrúr	ameczi	amecúr
Dative	ahru	ahrov	amecu	amecov

Third declension nouns

The third declension includes both masculine and feminine nouns, without any difference in inflection based on gender. There are however, like in the second declension, a number of subtypes due to differences in the final sound of the stem. The most distinctive trait of the third declension is the lack of an ending (but lengthening of the vowel of the final syllable of the stem) in the genitive plural.

The two basic types of inflection in the third declension are represented by súlj 'sun' and pastúr 'shepherd':

	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	súlj	sulje	pastúr	pasturje
Genitive	suli	súlj	pasturi	pastúr
Dative	suli	suljev	pasturi	pasturev

Stems ending in cz and zs are represented by krcz 'cross' and ljézs 'law':

	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	krcz	krcze	ljézs	ljezse
Genitive	krczi	krcz	ljezsi	ljézs
Dative	krczi	krczev	ljezsi	ljezsev

Adjectives

Adjectives in Slevan are declined exactly like nouns of the corresponding declensions and types.

First and second declension adjectives

The first and largest class of adjectives follow the first declension in the feminine and the second declension in the masculine, e.g. nóv 'new':

	Masculine		Feminine
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	nóv	novy	nova	nove
Genitive	novy	novúr	nove	novár
Dative	novu	novov	nove	novav

Third declension adjectives

Third declension adjectives also are declined just like nouns. The adjectives hrúde 'big' and hrave 'stern' represent yet two other inflection types in this declension:

	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative, Accusative	hrúdj	hrúdje	hráv	hravje
Genitive	hrúdi	hrúdj	hravi	hráv
Dative	hrúdi	hrudjev	hravi	hravev

Adverbs

To be added

Pronouns

To be added

Verbs

Slevan verbs are traditionally, since the grammar of Pavel Mrác divided among three conjugations. In reality the four conjugations of Latin remain distinct in Slevan, but Mrác choose another categorization both in order to conform to the classification of other modern Romance languages, and because many Slevan verbs belong to conjugation 2.B. in the present but to 2.A. in the Simple past.

Slevan has three simple tenses — Present (prezsátj), Imperfect (japravéc) and Simple past (pasát) —, three compound tenses — Perfect (pravéc), Pluperfect (plypravéc) and Future (votýr) —, two moods &mdash Indicative (jadecatív) and Subjunctive (konjúcív) — and two voices — Active (acív) and Passive (pasív).

Simple tenses

The Indicative

Slevan simple tenses in the indicative

	1. conjugation	2. conjugation A	2. conjugation B	3. conjugation
	Infinitive
	amár	taczér	rezser	dromír
	'love'	'be silent'	'rule'	'sleep'
	Present
1. sg.	amu	taczu	rehu	dromesku
2.	amaj	taczej	rezsi	dromeszi
3.	ama	tacze	rezse	dromesze
1. pl.	amám	taczém	rezsem	dromím
2.	amátj	taczétj	rezsetj	dromítj
3.	amú	tacza	rehú	dromeszú
	Imperative
Sg.	ám	tácz	rézs	dromesz
Pl.	amátj	taczétj	rezsetj	dromítj
	Imperfect
1. sg.	amaba	taczeba	rezseba	dromljeba
2.	amabaj	taczebaj	rezsebaj	dromljebaj
3.	amaba	taczeba	rezseba	dromljeba
1. sg.	amabám	taczebám	rezsebám	dromljebám
2.	amabátj	taczebátj	rezsebátj	dromljebátj
3.	amabú	taczebú	rezsebú	dromljebú
	Simple past
1. sg.	amaj	taký	rjeszi	dromí
2.	amajsti	takysti	rjeszesti	dromísti
3.	amaj	taký	rjész	dromí
1. pl.	amajm	takým	rjeszem	dromím
2.	amajszt	takýszt	rjeszeszt	dromíszt
3.	amajerú	takyjerú	rjeszerú	dromijerú

The subjunctive

TO BE ADDED

Conjunctions

To be added

Interjections

To be added

Syntax

To be added

BPJ 13:06, 27 Jul 2005 (PDT)