Sarim: Difference between revisions
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'''Consonants''' | '''Consonants''' | ||
NB: Sarim has possibly one of the most boring phonologies in the history of conlanging. | |||
-Plosives <nowiki>/p t | -Plosives <nowiki>/p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g> </nowiki> | ||
-Nasals <nowiki>/m n/ <m n> </nowiki> | -Nasals <nowiki>/m n/ <m n> </nowiki> | ||
-Fricatives <nowiki> /v θ s | -Fricatives <nowiki> /f v θ s x/ <f v th s h> </nowiki> | ||
-Rhotic/Approximants: <nowiki> /r | -Rhotic/Approximants: <nowiki> /r ɫ j/ <r l y> </nowiki> | ||
'''Vowels''' | '''Vowels''' | ||
<nowiki> /i e a o | <nowiki> /i e a o u/ <i e a o u> </nowiki> | ||
'''Syllable Structure''' | '''Syllable Structure''' | ||
The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)V(C), with the | The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)(C)V(V)(C), with the monovocalic nucleus being the only compulsory component, with the following caveats: | ||
No nucleus with two vowels of the same quality occurs. | |||
Coda consonants only occur word finally, and then can only be one of /t k θ s x r j m n/. | |||
Word-initial clusters to not occur. Word-internally, clusters are organised into several series: | |||
/ | -the '''h''' series: /xp xt xk/ | ||
-the '''s''' series: /sp st sk sn sm/ | |||
-the '''n''' series: /nt nd nk ng nv ns nθ nn/ | |||
-the '''m''' series: /mp mt md mk mg ms mθ mm mn/ | |||
-the '''stop''' series: /ps ts ks pn bn kn gn km gm/ | |||
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-/r/ is realised as an approximant [ɻ] before a vowel or word-finally, but [ɮ] before a consonant. | -/r/ is realised as an approximant [ɻ] before a vowel or word-finally, but [ɮ] before a consonant. | ||
- | - The voiceless stops are often realised as lightly aspirated. | ||
- /n/ is realised at the same point of articulation as a following consonant: /nk/ = [ŋg] | - /n/ is realised at the same point of articulation as a following consonant: /nk/ = [ŋg] | ||
-Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps]. | -Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps]. | ||
- | -All vowels are pronounced lax: [ɪ ɛ ɐ ɔ ʊ] when not part of a two-vowel nucleus. | ||
'''Stress''' | |||
Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the final syllable of a word. Monosyllabic lexemes are stressed; grammatical particles are not. | |||
''' | '''Morphophonological Processes''' | ||
If two vowels of the same quality would occur within the same nucleus, the second is lost. | |||
In word-final position, /p b t d/ merge to /t/; /g f v x/ merge to /x/, and /ɫ/ merges with /r/. | |||
==Nominal Morphology== | ==Nominal Morphology== | ||
Revision as of 09:15, 8 March 2009
Sarim (Sarim: Sarim vār) is a language spoken by most of the population of Sarimis, as well as several its satellite nations.
Phonology
Consonants
NB: Sarim has possibly one of the most boring phonologies in the history of conlanging.
-Plosives /p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
-Nasals /m n/ <m n>
-Fricatives /f v θ s x/ <f v th s h>
-Rhotic/Approximants: /r ɫ j/ <r l y>
Vowels
/i e a o u/ <i e a o u>
Syllable Structure
The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)(C)V(V)(C), with the monovocalic nucleus being the only compulsory component, with the following caveats:
No nucleus with two vowels of the same quality occurs.
Coda consonants only occur word finally, and then can only be one of /t k θ s x r j m n/.
Word-initial clusters to not occur. Word-internally, clusters are organised into several series:
-the h series: /xp xt xk/ -the s series: /sp st sk sn sm/ -the n series: /nt nd nk ng nv ns nθ nn/ -the m series: /mp mt md mk mg ms mθ mm mn/ -the stop series: /ps ts ks pn bn kn gn km gm/
Allophony
-/r/ is realised as an approximant [ɻ] before a vowel or word-finally, but [ɮ] before a consonant.
- The voiceless stops are often realised as lightly aspirated.
- /n/ is realised at the same point of articulation as a following consonant: /nk/ = [ŋg]
-Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps].
-All vowels are pronounced lax: [ɪ ɛ ɐ ɔ ʊ] when not part of a two-vowel nucleus.
Stress
Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the final syllable of a word. Monosyllabic lexemes are stressed; grammatical particles are not.
Morphophonological Processes
If two vowels of the same quality would occur within the same nucleus, the second is lost.
In word-final position, /p b t d/ merge to /t/; /g f v x/ merge to /x/, and /ɫ/ merges with /r/.
Nominal Morphology
Sarim nouns are declined for three numbers, absolutive, ergative and construct, and singular and plural numbers. Nouns come in three declensions. The first declension consists of stems ending in a single consonant, the second of stems ending in a short vowel, the third of those ending in a long vowel, and the fourth of stems ending in two consonants.
First Declension
yat - woman
| Singular | Plural | |
| Absolutive | yat | yato |
| Oblique | yata | yatama |
| Construct | yato | yatō |
Second Declension:
tano - heart
| Singular | Plural | |
| Absolutive | tano | tanon |
| Oblique | tanō | tanoma |
| Construct | tanō | tanō |
Third Declension:
huansā - house, fort
| Singular | Plural | |
| Absolutive | huansā | huansan |
| Oblique | huansā | huansāma |
| Construct | huansāyo | huansāmo |
Fourth Declension:
inte - the Sun
| Singular | Plural | |
| Absolutive | inte | into |
| Oblique | intā | intama |
| Construct | into | intō |
Possessive Pronoun Clitics:
These are suffixed to the construct state form of the noun (the form of which does come from the third person singular pronoun -on
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1P | -n | -nca |
| 2P | -li | -yca |
| 3P | - | '- |
