Sarim: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
- Short <nowiki>/i a u ai au iu ia ui ua/ <i a u ai au iu ui ia ua</nowiki> | - Short <nowiki>/i a u ai au iu ia ui ua/ <i a u ai au iu ui ia ua</nowiki> | ||
- Long <nowiki> /iː aː uː aːi aːu iːu iːa uːi uːa/ <ī ā ū āu āi īu īa ūi ūa> /nowiki> | - Long <nowiki> /iː aː uː aːi aːu iːu iːa uːi uːa/ <ī ā ū āu āi īu īa ūi ūa> /nowiki> | ||
All diphthongs are falling. | |||
All diphthongs are falling. | |||
'''Syllable Structure''' | '''Syllable Structure''' | ||
The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)V(C), with the follwing caveats: | The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)V(C), with the follwing caveats: | ||
- /ɟ/ does not occur in codas | - /ɟ/ does not occur in codas | ||
- In clusters where it is the initial element, /n/ assimilates to the point of articulation of the following consonant. | |||
- In clusters where it is the initial element, /n/ assimilates to the point of articulation of the following consonant. | |||
- Clusters of two plosives except for /kt gd/ do not occur. | - Clusters of two plosives except for /kt gd/ do not occur. | ||
- Clusters involving two stops, or a stop and a fricative, must agree in voicing. Clusters such as */sd gɕ/ do not therefore occur. | |||
- Clusters involving two stops, or a stop and a fricative, must agree in voicing. Clusters such as */sd gɕ/ do not therefore occur. | |||
- Word-finally, only /m t d ⁿd s r l ŋ/ occur. | - Word-finally, only /m t d ⁿd s r l ŋ/ occur. | ||
'''Allophony''' | '''Allophony''' | ||
| Line 44: | Line 54: | ||
-/r/ is realised as a tap [ɾ] before a vowel and word-finally, but [ɦ] before a consonant. | -/r/ is realised as a tap [ɾ] before a vowel and word-finally, but [ɦ] before a consonant. | ||
-/ɟ/ is realised as either palatal affricate [ɟʝ] or postalveolar affricate [dʑ], especially among younger speakers. | -/ɟ/ is realised as either palatal affricate [ɟʝ] or postalveolar affricate [dʑ], especially among younger speakers. | ||
-Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps]. | -Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps]. | ||
-Short vowels and diphthongs /i a u ai au/ tend to become lax [ɪ ɐ ʊ ɐɪ ɐʊ], espcially in unstressed syllables | -Short vowels and diphthongs /i a u ai au/ tend to become lax [ɪ ɐ ʊ ɐɪ ɐʊ], espcially in unstressed syllables | ||
| Line 54: | Line 67: | ||
'''Stress''' | '''Stress''' | ||
Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the penultimate syllable of a word. Monosyllabic lexical words are stressed, but grammatical particles are not. | Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the penultimate syllable of a word. Monosyllabic lexical words are stressed, but grammatical particles are not. | ||
==Nominal Morphology== | ==Nominal Morphology== | ||
Being largely isolating, Sarim has very little grammatical nominal morphology (it does, however, have quite a productive derivational morphology). | Being largely isolating, Sarim has very little grammatical nominal morphology (it does, however, have quite a productive derivational morphology). | ||
'''Plural''' | '''Plural''' | ||
The plural morpheme, which is not compulsory, is '''-ū'''. If the noun stem ends in a short vowel, this is lost, then '''-ū''' suffixed. Dipthongs and long vowels add '''-yū''': | The plural morpheme, which is not compulsory, is '''-ū'''. If the noun stem ends in a short vowel, this is lost, then '''-ū''' suffixed. Dipthongs and long vowels add '''-yū''': | ||
'''Dun''' man, '''dunū''' 'men' | '''Dun''' man, '''dunū''' 'men' | ||
'''Kanda''' land, country, '''kandū''' lands, countries | '''Kanda''' land, country, '''kandū''' lands, countries | ||
'''Talgū''' tree '''talgūyū''' trees | '''Talgū''' tree '''talgūyū''' trees | ||
Revision as of 13:12, 28 February 2009
Sarim (Sarim: Sarim bār) is a language spoken by most of the population of Sarimis, as well as several its satellite nations. It is a largely isolating, accusative, head-final language of the Kambaic language family.
Phonology
Consonants
-Plosives /p b t d ⁿd ɟ k g/ <p b t d nd j k g
-Nasals /m n ŋ/ <m n ŋ>
-Fricatives /ɸ v s ɕ h/ <ph v s x h>
-Rhotic/Approximants: /r l j/ <r l y>
Vowels
- Short /i a u ai au iu ia ui ua/ <i a u ai au iu ui ia ua
- Long <nowiki> /iː aː uː aːi aːu iːu iːa uːi uːa/ <ī ā ū āu āi īu īa ūi ūa> /nowiki>
All diphthongs are falling.
Syllable Structure
The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)V(C), with the follwing caveats:
- /ɟ/ does not occur in codas
- In clusters where it is the initial element, /n/ assimilates to the point of articulation of the following consonant.
- Clusters of two plosives except for /kt gd/ do not occur.
- Clusters involving two stops, or a stop and a fricative, must agree in voicing. Clusters such as */sd gɕ/ do not therefore occur.
- Word-finally, only /m t d ⁿd s r l ŋ/ occur.
Allophony
-/r/ is realised as a tap [ɾ] before a vowel and word-finally, but [ɦ] before a consonant.
-/ɟ/ is realised as either palatal affricate [ɟʝ] or postalveolar affricate [dʑ], especially among younger speakers.
-Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps].
-Short vowels and diphthongs /i a u ai au/ tend to become lax [ɪ ɐ ʊ ɐɪ ɐʊ], espcially in unstressed syllables
Stress
Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the penultimate syllable of a word. Monosyllabic lexical words are stressed, but grammatical particles are not.
Nominal Morphology
Being largely isolating, Sarim has very little grammatical nominal morphology (it does, however, have quite a productive derivational morphology).
Plural
The plural morpheme, which is not compulsory, is -ū. If the noun stem ends in a short vowel, this is lost, then -ū suffixed. Dipthongs and long vowels add -yū:
Dun man, dunū 'men'
Kanda land, country, kandū lands, countries
Talgū tree talgūyū trees
