Proto-Northern-Romance (MGR): Difference between revisions

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|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|-
|||''Nominative''||– es||– es
|||''Nominative''||– s||– s
|-
|-
|||''Accusative''||– e||– es
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s
|-
|-
|||''Genitive''||– es||–  
|||''Genitive''||– s||–  
|-
|-
|||''Dative''||– ī||– ius
|||''Dative''||– ī||– ius
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:* *aetātis, aetātis (< aetās, aetātis)
:* *aetātis, aetātis (< aetās, aetātis)
:* rēs, *reis (< rēs, reī)
:* rēs, *reis (< rēs, reī)
:* *Naiadis, Naiadis (< Naias, Naiadis)
<br>
<br>
''''''Group II  -  Feminine. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.'''''
<br>
<br>
{| cellspacing="4" style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=13 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| 4th Declension – Group II
|- style="vertical-align: center
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– es||– es
|-
|||''Accusative''||– e||– es
|-
|||''Genitive''||– es||–
|-
|||''Dative''||– ī||– ius
|}
<br>
The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):
:* *mōris, mōris (< mōs, mōris)
:* *mōris, mōris (< mōs, mōris)
:* *ratiōnis, ratiōnis (< ratiō, ratiōnis)
:* *ratiōnis, ratiōnis (< ratiō, ratiōnis)
:* *Naiadis, Naiadis (< Naias, Naiadis)
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
<br>
<br>

Revision as of 14:57, 10 July 2008

Proto-Northern-Romance
*Roumānēc / *Jermānēc / Lingua Rūstica Germāniārum
Spoken in: northwestern Europe
Conworld: Mundus Germaniae Romanae
Total speakers: unknown
Genealogical classification: Indo-European
Romance
Italo-Northwestern-Romance
Proto-Northern-Romance
Basic word order: SVO
Morphological type: inflecting
Morphosyntactic alignment: nominative-accusative
Writing system:
Created by:
P Collier, BP Jonsson 2006+

Introduction

Phonology

Consonants


Consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p   b t   d k   g
Fricative ɸ   β θ   ð s x   ɣ h
Approximant w j
Trill r
Lateral l


Vowels


Vowels
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
High iː uː
Near-high ɪ ʊ
High-mid e oː
Low-mid ɛ   ɛː ɔ   ɔː
Low a   aː


Phonological History


Morphology

Nouns


1st Declension



Group I - Mainly feminine, with some masculine exceptions. Derived from Latin 1st and 5th declensions.'

1st Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – a – as
Accusative – a – as
Genitive – ā – ār
Dative – ā – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • terra, terrae
  • *dia, *diae (< diēs, diēī)


Notes:

The Latin paradigms Aenēas, Aenēae and Anchīses, Anchīsae have regularised their nominative singular forms by anaolgy, and thereby merged with the above.



Group II - Feminine. Derived from Latin 1st declension.

1st Declension – Group II
Singular Plural
Nominative – – as
Accusative – – as
Genitive – s – ār
Dative – ā – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above:

  • crambē, crambes



2nd Declension



Group I - Masculine. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

2nd Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – – ī
Accusative – e – as
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above:'

  • pater, patris



Group II - Masculine. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

2nd Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – es – ī
Accusative – e – as
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above:'

  • amnis, amnis
  • *āeris, āeris (< āēr, āeris)
  • *Periclis, Periclis (<Periclēs, Periclis)



Group III - Masculine. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

2nd Declension – Group II
Singular Plural
Nominative – as – ī
Accusative – – as
Genitive – as – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *amantis, amantis (< amans, amantis)
  • *Periclis, Periclis (<Periclēs, Periclis)



Group IV - Masculine, including originally feminine Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 2nd and 4th declensions.

2nd Declension – Group III
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – ī
Accusative – – s
Genitive – ī – ōr
Dative – – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • modus, modī
  • portus, *portī (< portus, portūs)
  • *Dēlus, Dēlī (< Dēlos, Dēlī)
  • Lūcius, Lūcī



Group V - Masculine, including originally feminine Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 2nd declension

2nd Declension – Group IV
Singular Plural
Nominative – – ī
Accusative – – s
Genitive – ī – ōr
Dative – – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above

  • puer, puerī



Group VI - Masculine, including originally feminine Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 2nd declension

2nd Declension – Group IV
Singular Plural
Nominative – – ī
Accusative – – as
Genitive – ī – ōr
Dative – – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above

  • liber, librī




3rd Declension


Group I - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

3rd Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – e – a
Accusative – e – a
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *nōme, nōminis(< nōmen, nōminis)



Group II - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

3rd Declension – Group II
Singular Plural
Nominative – es – a
Accusative – e – a
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin)

  • *animālis, *animālis (< animāl, animālīs)
  • *poēmatis, poēmatis (< poēma, poēmatis)



Group III - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.'

3rd Declension – Group III
Singular Plural
Nominative – – a
Accusative – – a
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • opus, operis



Group IV - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.'

3rd Declension – Group III
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – a
Accusative – – a
Genitive – s – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *ossus, ossis (< os, ossis)



Group V - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.'

3rd Declension – Group IV
Singular Plural
Nominative – – a
Accusative – – a
Genitive – s – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above:

  • rēte, rētis



Group VI - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 2nd and 4th declensions.

3rd Declension – Group V
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – a
Accusative – – a
Genitive – ī – ōr
Dative – – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *dōnus, dōnī (< dōnum, dōnī)
  • *genūus, *genuī (< genū, genūs)



4th Declension



'Group I - Feminine, including originally masculine Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd and 5th declensions.

4th Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – s
Accusative – – s
Genitive – s –
Dative – ī – ius


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *clādis, clādis (< clādēs, clādis)
  • *urbis, urbis (< urbs, urbis)
  • *laudis, laudis (< laus, laudis)
  • *aetātis, aetātis (< aetās, aetātis)
  • rēs, *reis (< rēs, reī)
  • *Naiadis, Naiadis (< Naias, Naiadis)



'Group II - Feminine. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

4th Declension – Group II
Singular Plural
Nominative – es – es
Accusative – e – es
Genitive – es –
Dative – ī – ius


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *mōris, mōris (< mōs, mōris)
  • *ratiōnis, ratiōnis (< ratiō, ratiōnis)



Verbs


In the transition from Latin to Proto-Northern Romance, verbs went through several syntactic and semantic changes. Most of the distinctions present in classical Latin continued to be made, but synthetic forms were often replaced with analytic ones. Other verb forms changed meaning, and new forms also appeared.

In coomon with the other Romance dialects, Latin's synthetic passive voice was completely lost, to be replaced by a periphrastic form utilising the appropriately conjugated form of the verb 'to be' plus the past participle.

Similar new periphrastic forms also developed for the future tense, utilising the verb 'to come' plus the infinitive, and the perfect tense, using 'to have' and the past participle.

Latin's perfect tense had also functioned as a preterite (simple past). Following the development of a new periphrastic perfect tense (see above), use of the original perfect form continued but became limited solely to its preterite meaning.

Latin's imperfect tense was completely lost in Proto-Northern Romance.



Infinitive and Past Participle



Infinitive
1st Conjugation – āre
2nd Conjugation – īre
3rd Conjugation – re



Past Participle
1st Conjugation cun – āt
2nd Conjugation I cun – ūt
2nd Conjugation II cun – īt
3rd Conjugation cun – t




Indicative Mood



1st Conjugation

Present
Singular Plural
1st person – – āms
2nd person – as – ātes
3rd Person – at – ant



Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – ai – amms
2nd person – astī – astes
3rd Person – at – ārnt



Future
Singular Plural
1st person uean ... – āre ueanīms ... – āre
2nd person ueanīs ... – āre ueanītīs ... – āre
3rd Person ueanet ... – āre ueannt ... – āre



2nd Conjugation - Derived from Latin 2nd and 4th conjugations


Present
Singular Plural
1st person – – īms
2nd person – es – ītes
3rd Person – et – int



Group I - Preterite in –be etc.

Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – be – bīms
2nd person – bistī – bistes
3rd Person – bet – bīrnt


2i group derived from Latin 2nd conjugation.


Group II - Preterite in –ī etc.

Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – ī – īmms
2nd person – īstī – īstes
3rd Person – īt – īrnt


2ii group derived from Latin 4th conjugation.


Future
Singular Plural
1st person uean ... – īre ueanīms ... – īre
2nd person ueanīs ... – īre ueanītīs ... – īre
3rd Person ueanet ... – īre ueannt ... – īre



3rd Conjugation

Present
Singular Plural
1st person – – (e)ms
2nd person – es – tes
3rd Person – et – (e)nt



Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – si – sīms
2nd person – sistī – sistes
3rd Person – set – sīrnt



Future
Singular Plural
1st person uean ... – re ueanīms ... – re
2nd person ueanīs ... – re ueanītīs ... – re
3rd Person ueanet ... – re ueannt ... – re




Subjunctive Mood



1st Conjugation

Present
Singular Plural
1st person –e – īms
2nd person – es – ītes
3rd Person – et – int



2nd Conjugation - Derived from Latin 2nd and 4th conjugations

Present
Singular Plural
1st person –a – āms
2nd person – as – ātes
3rd Person – at – ant



3rd Conjugation

Present
Singular Plural
1st person –a – āms
2nd person – as – ātes
3rd Person – at – ant




Imperative Mood



Singular
1st Conjugation – a
2nd Conjugation – ī
3rd Conjugation – e



Plural
1st Conjugation – āte
2nd Conjugation – īte
3rd Conjugation – te



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