Germanic languages: Difference between revisions
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*** [[Low Saxon]] aka Low German | *** [[Low Saxon]] aka Low German | ||
**** [[Old Saxon]] | **** [[Old Saxon]] | ||
** | ** Stages of Dutch: | ||
*** [[Old Dutch]] | *** [[Old Dutch]] | ||
*** [[Middle Dutch]] | *** [[Middle Dutch]] | ||
*** [[Dutch]] | |||
** [[English]] | ** [[English]] | ||
***Stages of English: | ***Stages of English: | ||
| Line 40: | Line 41: | ||
****[[Middle English]] | ****[[Middle English]] | ||
****[[Modern English]] | ****[[Modern English]] | ||
****[[Scots]] | *****[[Scots]] | ||
*[[North Germanic]] | *[[North Germanic]] | ||
**[[Old Norse]] | **[[Old Norse]] | ||
Revision as of 21:23, 17 June 2008
Sound Changes from PIE to Common Germanic
These may not be 100% accurate.
- ḱ, ǵ, ǵʰ → k, g, gʰ
Grimm's law
- bʰ, dʰ, gʰ, gʷʰ → β, ð, ɣ, β/ɣ
- b, d, g, gʷ → p, t, k, kʷ/k
- p, t, k, kʷ → f, θ, x, xʷ
Verner's law
- f, θ, s, x, xʷ → β, ð, z, ɣ, ɣʷ (except initially or following IE stress)
Vowel changes
- aː → oː
- e → i
- eː → æː
- ei → iː
- eːi → eː (?)
- oi → ai
- oːi → oː (?)
- aːi → oː (?)
- eu → iu
- ou → au
Listing of Germanic Languages
- West Germanic
- German
- Stages of High German:
- Old High German
- Middle High German
- New High German or Modern (Standard) German
- Low Saxon aka Low German
- Stages of High German:
- Stages of Dutch:
- English
- Stages of English:
- German
- North Germanic
- East Germanic
This article is a stub. If you can contribute to its content, feel free to do so.
