Proto-Northern-Romance (MGR): Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:31, 7 June 2008

Proto-Northern-Romance
*Roumānētte / *Jermānētte / Lingua Rūstica Germāniārum
Spoken in: northwestern Europe
Conworld: Mundus Germaniae Romanae
Total speakers: unknown
Genealogical classification: Indo-European
Romance
Italo-Northwestern-Romance
Proto-Northern-Romance
Basic word order: SVO
Morphological type: inflecting
Morphosyntactic alignment: nominative-accusative
Writing system:
Created by:
P Collier, BP Jonsson 2006+

Introduction

Phonology

Consonants


Consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p   b t   d k   g
Fricative ɸ   β θ   ð s x   ɣ h
Approximant w j
Trill r
Lateral l


Vowels


Vowels
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
High iː uː
Near-high ɪ ʊ
High-mid e oː
Low-mid ɛ   ɛː ɔ   ɔː
Low a   aː


Phonological History


Morphology

Nouns


1st Declension



Group I - Mainly feminine, with some masculine exceptions. Derived from Latin 1st and 5th declensions.'

1st Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – a – as
Accusative – a – as
Genitive – ā – ār
Dative – ā – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • terra, terrae
  • *dia, *diae (< diēs, diēī)


Notes:

The Latin paradigms Aenēas, Aenēae and Anchīses, Anchīsae have regularised their nominative singular forms by anaolgy, and thereby merged with the above.



Group II - Feminine. Derived from Latin 1st declension.

1st Declension – Group II
Singular Plural
Nominative – e – as
Accusative – e – as
Genitive – es – ār
Dative – ā – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above:

  • crambē, crambes



2nd Declension



Group I - Masculine. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

2nd Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – – ī
Accusative – e – es
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above:'

  • pater, patris



Group II - Masculine. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

2nd Declension – Group II
Singular Plural
Nominative – es – ī
Accusative – e – es
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • amnis, amnis
  • *amantis, amantis (< amans, amantis)
  • *āeris, āeris (< āēr, āeris)
  • *hērōis, hērōis (< hērōs, hērōis)
  • *Periclis, Periclis (<Periclēs, Periclis)



Group III - Masculine, including originally feminine Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 2nd and 4th declensions.

2nd Declension – Group III
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – ī
Accusative – – s
Genitive – ī – ōr
Dative – – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • modus, modī
  • portus, *portī (< portus, portūs)
  • *Dēlus, Dēlī (< Dēlos, Dēlī)
  • Lūcius, Lūcī



Group IV - Masculine, including originally feminine Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 2nd declension

2nd Declension – Group IV
Singular Plural
Nominative – – ī
Accusative – – s
Genitive – ī – ōr
Dative – – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above

  • puer, puerī
  • liber, librī




3rd Declension


Group I - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

3rd Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – e – a
Accusative – e – a
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • rēte, rētis
  • *nōme, nōminis(< nōmen, nōminis)



Group II - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.

3rd Declension – Group II
Singular Plural
Nominative – es – a
Accusative – e – a
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin)

  • *animālis, *animālis (< animāl, animālīs)
  • *poēmatis, poēmatis (< poēma, poēmatis)



Group III - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.'

3rd Declension – Group III
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – a
Accusative – – a
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *ossus, ossis (< os, ossis)



Group IV - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd declension.'

3rd Declension – Group IV
Singular Plural
Nominative – – a
Accusative – – a
Genitive – es – ōr
Dative – ī – īs


The following Latin paradigm declines per the above:

  • opus, operis



Group V - Masculine, originally neuter Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 2nd and 4th declensions.

3rd Declension – Group V
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – a
Accusative – – a
Genitive – ī – ōr
Dative – – īs


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *dōnus, dōnī (< dōnum, dōnī)
  • *genūus, *genuī (< genū, genūs)



4th Declension



'Group I - Feminine, including originally masculine Latin nouns. Derived from Latin 3rd and 5th declensions.

4th Declension – Group I
Singular Plural
Nominative – es – es
Accusative – e – es
Genitive – es –
Dative – ī – ius


The following Latin paradigms decline per the above (starred forms are presumed/attested in Vulgar Latin):

  • *clādis, clādis (< clādēs, clādis)
  • *urbis, urbis (< urbs, urbis)
  • *laudis, laudis (< laus, laudis)
  • *aetātis, aetātis (< aetās, aetātis)
  • rēs, *reis (< rēs, reī)
  • *mōris, mōris (< mōs, mōris)
  • *ratiōnis, ratiōnis (< ratiō, ratiōnis)
  • *Naiadis, Naiadis (< Naias, Naiadis)



Verbs


Indicative Mood


1st Conjugation

Present Tense
Singular Plural
1st person – – āms
2nd person – as – ātes
3rd Person – at – ant



Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – ai – amms
2nd person – astī – astes
3rd Person – at – ārnt


The preterite evolved from Latin's perfect tense. In common with other Romance dialects, Proto-Northern Romance developed a new perfective aspect using the present tense of HABERE and the perfect past participle. Use of the original perfect tense became limited solely to the preterite.


2nd Conjugation - Derived from Latin 2nd and 4th conjugations

Present Tense
Singular Plural
1st person – – īms
2nd person – es – ītes
3rd Person – et – int



Group I - Preterite in –be etc.

Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – be – bīms
2nd person – bistī – bistes
3rd Person – bet – bīrnt


2i group derived from Latin 2nd conjugation.
The preterite evolved from Latin's perfect tense. In common with other Romance dialects, Proto-Northern Romance developed a new perfective aspect using the present tense of HABERE and the perfect past participle. Use of the original perfect tense became limited solely to the preterite.

Group II - Preterite in –ī etc.

Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – ī – īmms
2nd person – īstī – īstes
3rd Person – īt – īrnt


2ii group derived from Latin 4th conjugation.
The preterite evolved from Latin's perfect tense. In common with other Romance dialects, Proto-Northern Romance developed a new perfective aspect using the present tense of HABERE and the perfect past participle. Use of the original perfect tense became limited solely to the preterite.


3rd Conjugation

Present Tense
Singular Plural
1st person – – (e)ms
2nd person – es – tes
3rd Person – et – (e)nt



Preterite (Simple Past)
Singular Plural
1st person – si – sīms
2nd person – sistī – sistes
3rd Person – set – sīrnt


The preterite evolved from Latin's perfect tense. In common with other Romance dialects, Proto-Northern Romance developed a new perfective aspect using the present tense of HABERE and the perfect past participle. Use of the original perfect tense became limited solely to the preterite.


Imperative Mood



Singular
1st Conjugation – a
2nd Conjugation – ī
3rd Conjugation – e



Plural
1st Conjugation – āte
2nd Conjugation – īte
3rd Conjugation – te



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