Telefax: Difference between revisions

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(B-vowels, alternation details)
(personal pronouns, etc.)
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| m || n || || ||
| m || n || || ||
|-
|-
| w || l ||   j || ||
| w || l ||     j || ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 19: Line 19:
*[t n ɗ ɠ x] occur only medially.
*[t n ɗ ɠ x] occur only medially.
*Occurring alternation pairs: t~tʰ; n~h, n~l; ɓ~pʰ; ɗ~∅, ɗ~l, ɗ~tʰ; ɠ~j, ɠ~w, ɠ~m, ɠ~kʰ; x~h
*Occurring alternation pairs: t~tʰ; n~h, n~l; ɓ~pʰ; ɗ~∅, ɗ~l, ɗ~tʰ; ɠ~j, ɠ~w, ɠ~m, ɠ~kʰ; x~h
**old strata: n~h, conditionally ɓ~p, ɗ~t, ɠ~k
**Old strata: n~h, conditionally ɓ~p, ɗ~t, ɠ~k
**step 1: remaining initial ɗ ɠ → ð ɣ ''or'' n ŋ (modulo vowel nasality)
**Step 1: remaining initial ɗ ɠ → ð ɣ ''or'' n ŋ (modulo vowel nasality), initial voiceless stops aspirated
**step 2: ŋ → m / _{õ ũ}, → ∅ / _{ĩ ẽ ã}, → ɣ or nasality elsewhere (might imply the existence of m~w)
**Step 2: ŋ → m / _{õ ũ}, → ∅ / _{ĩ ẽ ã}, → ɣ or nasality elsewhere (might imply the existence of m~w)
**step 3: ð → ∅, ɣ → j/w, n x → l h / #_, l → ɾ → ɗ / V_V
**Step 3: ð → ∅, ɣ → j/w, n x → l h / #_, l → ɾ → ɗ / V_V
**Synchronically, [tʰ] is clearly an allophone of /t/, [h] is probably best interpreted as an allophone of /x/, and /ɠ/ as an independant phoneme. The voiced coronal situation seems less clear.
*[ʧ ʃ] may be used before a front vowel.
*[ʧ ʃ] may be used before a front vowel.


Line 39: Line 40:
/ə/ harmonizes with /a/, with the latter dominating.
/ə/ harmonizes with /a/, with the latter dominating.


Syllable structure (F)CV, with valid 2nd cluster members including voiceless stops, implosivs & /m/.
Syllable structure CV, medially (F)CV with valid 2nd cluster members including voiceless stops, implosivs & /m/.
 
{|
!1st ↓ · 2nd → !! p !! t !! c !! k !! ɓ !! ɗ !! ɠ !! m
|-
! ɬ
| || || || || || || ||
|-
! s
| || || || || || || ||
|-
! x
| || || || || || || ||
|-
|}
 
'''Pronouns'''
{|
! !! 1p !! 2p !! 3pA !! 3pB
|-
! S
| khudi || than || joso || leso
|-
! P
| janinna || lomi || cəso || wauka
|}
 
The singular 3p forms are female/male. The plural are definit/indefinit (or collectiv/paucal).


===Telefax B===
===Telefax B===
Line 59: Line 87:
Step 2 abov doesn't take place, insted *ɠ → ɣ ''or'' ŋ in all positions. Not sure where /s/ has gone. Into aspiration maybe?
Step 2 abov doesn't take place, insted *ɠ → ɣ ''or'' ŋ in all positions. Not sure where /s/ has gone. Into aspiration maybe?


More freedom with clusters here I think — but still not much. Need to include /tw tɬw kw/. Geminates: /pː tː ʧː kː/, possibly /mː nː ŋː/.
(C)V(C). More freedom with clusters here I think — but still not much. Need to include /tw tɬw kw/. Geminates: /pː tː ʧː kː/, possibly /mː nː ŋː/.


'''Vowels'''
'''Vowels'''
Line 67: Line 95:
| e || ẽ ||  o || õ
| e || ẽ ||  o || õ
|-
|-
| æ || || ɑ || ã
| æ || ã || ɑ ||
|-
|-
|}
|}


[ə] occurs in unstressed syllables, contrasting chiefly with [i u] and occasionally [e].
[ə] occurs in unstressed syllables, contrasting chiefly with [i u], rarely [e].


Difthongs: /æi ɑu ju jũ jʌ jʌ̃/
Difthongs: /æi ɑu ju jũ jʌ jʌ̃/
'''Pronouns'''
{|
! !! 1p !! 2p !! 3p
|-
! S
| kaurə || taurə || aurə
|-
! P
| wanni || nanni || auxi
|}

Revision as of 03:49, 22 April 2008

Telefax A

Consonants

pʰ t(ʰ) kʰ
p ts ~ ʧ k
ɬ s ~ ʃ x h
ɓ ɗ ɠ
m n
w l     j
  • [tʰ h l] occur only initially.
  • [t n ɗ ɠ x] occur only medially.
  • Occurring alternation pairs: t~tʰ; n~h, n~l; ɓ~pʰ; ɗ~∅, ɗ~l, ɗ~tʰ; ɠ~j, ɠ~w, ɠ~m, ɠ~kʰ; x~h
    • Old strata: n~h, conditionally ɓ~p, ɗ~t, ɠ~k
    • Step 1: remaining initial ɗ ɠ → ð ɣ or n ŋ (modulo vowel nasality), initial voiceless stops aspirated
    • Step 2: ŋ → m / _{õ ũ}, → ∅ / _{ĩ ẽ ã}, → ɣ or nasality elsewhere (might imply the existence of m~w)
    • Step 3: ð → ∅, ɣ → j/w, n x → l h / #_, l → ɾ → ɗ / V_V
    • Synchronically, [tʰ] is clearly an allophone of /t/, [h] is probably best interpreted as an allophone of /x/, and /ɠ/ as an independant phoneme. The voiced coronal situation seems less clear.
  • [ʧ ʃ] may be used before a front vowel.

Vowels

i ĩ u ũ
e ẽ ə o õ
  a   ã  

Difthongs consist of /ə a/+/j w/ (oral only).

/ə/ harmonizes with /a/, with the latter dominating.

Syllable structure CV, medially (F)CV with valid 2nd cluster members including voiceless stops, implosivs & /m/.

1st ↓ · 2nd → p t c k ɓ ɗ ɠ m
ɬ
s
x

Pronouns

1p 2p 3pA 3pB
S khudi than joso leso
P janinna lomi cəso wauka

The singular 3p forms are female/male. The plural are definit/indefinit (or collectiv/paucal).

Telefax B

Consonants

pʰ tʰ ʧʰ kʰ
p t ʧ k
tɬ x
ɓ ɗ
m n ŋ
w ɾ j

Step 2 abov doesn't take place, insted *ɠ → ɣ or ŋ in all positions. Not sure where /s/ has gone. Into aspiration maybe?

(C)V(C). More freedom with clusters here I think — but still not much. Need to include /tw tɬw kw/. Geminates: /pː tː ʧː kː/, possibly /mː nː ŋː/.

Vowels

i ĩ u ũ
e ẽ o õ
æ ã ɑ

[ə] occurs in unstressed syllables, contrasting chiefly with [i u], rarely [e].

Difthongs: /æi ɑu ju jũ jʌ jʌ̃/

Pronouns

1p 2p 3p
S kaurə taurə aurə
P wanni nanni auxi
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