Telefax: Difference between revisions
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'''Consonants''' | '''Consonants''' | ||
{| | {| | ||
| pʰ || rowspan="2" valign="center"| t(ʰ) || || kʰ | | pʰ || rowspan="2" valign="center"| t(ʰ) || || kʰ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p || ts ~ ʧ || k | | p || ts ~ ʧ || k || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || ɬ || s ~ ʃ || x || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ɓ || ɗ | | ɓ || ɗ || || ɠ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| m || n | | m || n || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| w || || j || | | w || l || j || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
[n ɗ] occur medially, | *[tʰ h l] occur only initially. | ||
*[t n ɗ ɠ x] occur only medially. | |||
*Occurring alternation pairs: t~tʰ; n~h, n~l; ɓ~pʰ; ɗ~∅, ɗ~l, ɗ~tʰ; ɠ~j, ɠ~w, ɠ~m, ɠ~kʰ; x~h | |||
**old strata: n~h, conditionally ɓ~p, ɗ~t, ɠ~k | |||
**step 1: remaining initial ɗ ɠ → ð ɣ ''or'' n ŋ (modulo vowel nasality) | |||
**step 2: ŋ → m / _{õ ũ}, → ∅ / _{ĩ ẽ ã}, → ɣ or nasality elsewhere (might imply the existence of m~w) | |||
**step 3: ð → ∅, ɣ → j/w, n x → l h / #_, l → ɾ → ɗ / V_V | |||
*[ʧ ʃ] may be used before a front vowel. | |||
'''Vowels''' | '''Vowels''' | ||
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===Telefax B=== | ===Telefax B=== | ||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| | {| | ||
| pʰ || tʰ || ʧʰ || kʰ | | pʰ || tʰ || ʧʰ || kʰ | ||
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| m || n || || ŋ | | m || n || || ŋ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| w || | | w || ɾ || j || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Step 2 abov doesn't take place, insted *ɠ → ɣ ''or'' ŋ in all positions. Not sure where /s/ has gone. Into aspiration maybe? | |||
More freedom with clusters here I think — but still not much. Need to include /tw tɬw kw/. Geminates: /pː tː ʧː kː/, possibly /mː nː ŋː/. | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{| | |||
| i || ĩ || u || ũ | |||
|- | |||
| e || ẽ || o || õ | |||
|- | |||
| æ || || ɑ || ã | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
[ə] occurs in unstressed syllables, contrasting chiefly with [i u] and occasionally [e]. | |||
Difthongs: /æi ɑu ju jũ jʌ jʌ̃/ | |||
Revision as of 13:00, 21 April 2008
Telefax A
Consonants
| pʰ | t(ʰ) | kʰ | ||
| p | ts ~ ʧ | k | ||
| ɬ | s ~ ʃ | x | h | |
| ɓ | ɗ | ɠ | ||
| m | n | |||
| w | l | j |
- [tʰ h l] occur only initially.
- [t n ɗ ɠ x] occur only medially.
- Occurring alternation pairs: t~tʰ; n~h, n~l; ɓ~pʰ; ɗ~∅, ɗ~l, ɗ~tʰ; ɠ~j, ɠ~w, ɠ~m, ɠ~kʰ; x~h
- old strata: n~h, conditionally ɓ~p, ɗ~t, ɠ~k
- step 1: remaining initial ɗ ɠ → ð ɣ or n ŋ (modulo vowel nasality)
- step 2: ŋ → m / _{õ ũ}, → ∅ / _{ĩ ẽ ã}, → ɣ or nasality elsewhere (might imply the existence of m~w)
- step 3: ð → ∅, ɣ → j/w, n x → l h / #_, l → ɾ → ɗ / V_V
- [ʧ ʃ] may be used before a front vowel.
Vowels
| i | ĩ | u | ũ | |
| e | ẽ | ə | o | õ |
| a ã | ||||
Difthongs consist of /ə a/+/j w/ (oral only).
/ə/ harmonizes with /a/, with the latter dominating.
Syllable structure (F)CV, with valid 2nd cluster members including voiceless stops, implosivs & /m/.
Telefax B
Consonants
| pʰ | tʰ | ʧʰ | kʰ |
| p | t | ʧ | k |
| tɬ | x | ||
| ɓ | ɗ | ||
| m | n | ŋ | |
| w | ɾ | j |
Step 2 abov doesn't take place, insted *ɠ → ɣ or ŋ in all positions. Not sure where /s/ has gone. Into aspiration maybe?
More freedom with clusters here I think — but still not much. Need to include /tw tɬw kw/. Geminates: /pː tː ʧː kː/, possibly /mː nː ŋː/.
Vowels
| i | ĩ | u | ũ |
| e | ẽ | o | õ |
| æ | ɑ | ã |
[ə] occurs in unstressed syllables, contrasting chiefly with [i u] and occasionally [e].
Difthongs: /æi ɑu ju jũ jʌ jʌ̃/
