Aasti: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(Finalized article rewrite) |
|||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="width: 30%"| Created: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| June 6, 2007 | |style="width: 30%"| Created: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| June 6, 2007 | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Âsti''' is the language of the peoples of [[Âstâl]], often referred to as the Aasti tribes. It is a fluid-S language, and uses SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) word order, meaning that the normal form of the sentence ''He saw her'' would be rendered as *''He her saw''. | '''Âsti''' is the language of the peoples of [[Âstâl]], often referred to as the Aasti tribes. It is a fluid-S language, and uses SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) word order, meaning that the normal form of the sentence ''He saw her'' would be rendered as *''He her saw''. | ||
| Line 51: | Line 43: | ||
*'''''g''''' -- As in ''game'' or ''goal'', except when singly before ''i'' or ''e'' (where most "soft" English g's are found), where its pronunciation changes to a sound like French ''j'' or the ''s'' in ''vision''. | *'''''g''''' -- As in ''game'' or ''goal'', except when singly before ''i'' or ''e'' (where most "soft" English g's are found), where its pronunciation changes to a sound like French ''j'' or the ''s'' in ''vision''. | ||
*'''''h''''' -- Never on its own, Âsti ''h'' is found only in consonant clusters (i.e., following b, c, d, g, p, or t). In those cases, the cluster is pronounced like the ''soft'' form of the initial consonant (/v/ for b, /ʃ/ for c, /ð/ for d, /ʒ/ for g, /f/ for p, or /θ/ for t). | *'''''h''''' -- Never on its own, Âsti ''h'' is found only in consonant clusters (i.e., following b, c, d, g, p, or t). In those cases, the cluster is pronounced like the ''soft'' form of the initial consonant (/v/ for b, /ʃ/ for c, /ð/ for d, /ʒ/ for g, /f/ for p, or /θ/ for t). | ||
*'''''l, m, n, r, s, z''''' -- Same as English | *'''''l, m, n, r, s, z''''' -- Same as English. Note that ''r'' is pronounced in all positions (as /ɹ/) | ||
*'''''p''''' -- As in ''part'' or ''play'' except singly when followed by an ''i'', ''e'', or ''h'', when it is said like the ''ph'' in ''phonetics'' or ''telephone'' (see '''h'''). | *'''''p''''' -- As in ''part'' or ''play'' except singly when followed by an ''i'', ''e'', or ''h'', when it is said like the ''ph'' in ''phonetics'' or ''telephone'' (see '''h'''). | ||
*'''''t''''' -- As in ''tired'' or ''try'' except singly when followed by an ''i'', ''e'', or ''h'', when it is pronounced like the ''th'' in ''thrift'' or ''thin'' (but not that in ''that'' or ''the''). | *'''''t''''' -- As in ''tired'' or ''try'' except singly when followed by an ''i'', ''e'', or ''h'', when it is pronounced like the ''th'' in ''thrift'' or ''thin'' (but not that in ''that'' or ''the''). | ||
Revision as of 12:23, 1 January 2008
| Âsti | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | /'ɒsti/ |
| Timeline and Universe: | Aarð |
| Species: | Human |
| Spoken: | Âstâl (The Eastland) |
| Total speakers: | 30,000 (approx.) |
| Writing system: | Ðanmarc |
| Genealogy: | Âsti Group
|
| Typology | |
| Morphology: | Inflecting |
| Morphosyntax: | Fluid-S |
| Word order: | SOV |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Navidel |
| Created: | June 6, 2007 |
Âsti is the language of the peoples of Âstâl, often referred to as the Aasti tribes. It is a fluid-S language, and uses SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) word order, meaning that the normal form of the sentence He saw her would be rendered as *He her saw.
Script
For our purposes, Âsti will be written using the Latin alphabet. (Note: Because the (mostly illeterate) speakers of the language live in a world where the Latin alphabet does not exist, in the rare cases that Âsti is written down by a native speaker, an adaptation of the common Ðanmarc Alphabet is used.) The general rules of pronunciation follow:
- a, e , i, o, u -- Pronounced as in Spanish or IPA, respectively like taco, play (Canadian), beet, row (GA), and beet.
- â -- Pronounced as in RP* bother (/ɒ/). In some dialects this vowel has unrounded to (/ɑ/), a sound similar to that (/ɑ/) found in RP* father .
- b -- Pronounced as in English boat, except before the vowels i or e, where it is pronounced like the v in very unless doubled (see h).
- c -- As in cat or car, except for before i or e (where most "soft" c's are found in English), where it is said like the sh in shout. However a cce or cci retains the k-like pronunciation. For the pronunciation of ch, see h.
- d -- As in dock or day, except before i or e, where it is pronounced like the th in that (not that in thin) unless doubled (See h).
- g -- As in game or goal, except when singly before i or e (where most "soft" English g's are found), where its pronunciation changes to a sound like French j or the s in vision.
- h -- Never on its own, Âsti h is found only in consonant clusters (i.e., following b, c, d, g, p, or t). In those cases, the cluster is pronounced like the soft form of the initial consonant (/v/ for b, /ʃ/ for c, /ð/ for d, /ʒ/ for g, /f/ for p, or /θ/ for t).
- l, m, n, r, s, z -- Same as English. Note that r is pronounced in all positions (as /ɹ/)
- p -- As in part or play except singly when followed by an i, e, or h, when it is said like the ph in phonetics or telephone (see h).
- t -- As in tired or try except singly when followed by an i, e, or h, when it is pronounced like the th in thrift or thin (but not that in that or the).
- x -- Pronounced as English single h or Spanish j (Sometimes an x, like that in México, is pronounced this way).
- f, j, k, q, v, w, and y are not used.
Note to speakers of American English: RP stands for Received Pronunciation, sometimes called "High British" or "Queen's English". I don't think I can explain about the Father-bother and Caught-cot mergers here, so if you can't find some other resource to explain this to you, try pronouncing a /æ/ as in cat and â /ɑ/ as in bother. Since /æ/ and /ɑ/ are not phonemic in Âsti and close to the actual pronunciations, the (fictitious) native speakers would probably perceive only a foreign accent.
Grammar
Nouns
- Plural nouns are usually formed by adding i to the end of a noun ending in a consonant or replacing the final vowel with i (change word-final diphthongs with i as the first letter to í). The major exception to this is that many vowels ending in o form their plurals in -or (For example uoreddio, meaning horse or stallion, becomes uoreddior).
- The feminine forms of nouns are usually formed in -a, except for those ending in o, which are formed by changing the o to an i (uoreddí mare).
- Despite the distinction mentioned above between masculine and femenine forms of some nouns, Âsti has five grammatical "genders", none of which have anything to do with physical gender. Gender I is a highly respectful form of address. The only nouns always in gender I are gods. Gender II includes all humans, male and female, whereas gender III includes animals and "semianimate" objects, such as fire and running water. Gender IV includes all inanimate objects except those in gender III. All plural nouns, no matter what gender the singular form is in, have no gender. Nouns do not conjugate for gender, but verbs, articles and adjectives do.
Verbs
- Verb conjugations in Âsti may be the language's most complex feature. The table below gives a simplified form of the conjugations. The initial vowel of the conjugation is extremely variable, due to the fact that most Âsti verbs already end in vowels, and the resulting diphthongs may or may not be allowable. In addition, if the original verb is monosyllabic, conjugations for imperfective tenses change. Instead of adding an accent to the final vowel of the perfective form, an r is added to the end of the word.
| Past Perfect | Past Imperfect | Present Perfect | Present Imperfect | Future Perfect | Future Imperfect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | -em | -el | -iâ | -uâ | -am | -ame |
| 1p | -mie | -lue | -ie | -ue | -it | -ite |
| 2s.I | -ea | -era | -ggis | -ggim | -er | -ere |
| 2s.II | -en | -er | -is | -im | -ar | -are |
| 2p | -ne | -re | -olí | -olím | -id | -ide |
| 3s.I | -sa | -san | -rai | -mei | -es | -ese |
| 3s.II | -a | -al | -ai | -ei | -as | -ase |
| 3s.III | -o | -ul | -ui | -oi | -os | -ose |
| 3s.IV | -e | -il | -z | -âz | -uz | -uze |
| 3p | -i | -ii | -am | -em | -igh | -ige |
| Infinitive Ending | Gender I | Gender II | Gender III | Gender IV | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -a | -e | -a | -o | -u | -i |
| -a* | -e* | -a* | -o* | -u* | -i* |
| -â | -ui | -uo | -ue | -uur | -ua |
| -â* | -ui* | -uo* | -ue* | -uur* | -ua* |
| -e | -i | -o | -e | -ur | -a |
| -e* | -i* | -o* | -e* | -ur* | -a* |
| -i | -ie | -ia | -io | -iu | -ii |
| -i* | -ie* | -ia | -io | -iu | -ii |
| -o | -el | -al | -ol | -ul | -il |
| -o* | -*e | -*a | -*o | -*u | -*i |
| -u | -ue | -ua | -uo | -uu | -ui |
| -u* | -ue* | -ua* | -uo* | -uu* | -ui* |
Adjectives and adverbs
Pronouns
First Person
Singular
- Nominative: geâ
- Accusative: ceân
- Dative: ceâmn
- Genitive: geâxt
Plural
- Nominative: dzia
- Accusative: tsin
- Dative: tsimn
- Genitive: dzixt
Second Person
Singular
- Nominative: ttiia
- Accusative: tiian
- Dative: tiiamn
- Genitive: tiiaxt
Plural
- Nominative: uenna
- Accusative: uen
- Dative: uemn
- Genitive: uext
Third Person
Singular
- Gender I
- Nominative: aicia
- Accusative: aician
- Dative: aimn
- Genitive: aicht
- Gender II
- Nominative: iebe
- Accusative: iebhne
- Dative: iemn
- Genitive: iext
- Gender III
- Nominative: dixa
- Accusative: dixan
- Dative: dimn
- Genitive: dixt
- Gender IV
- Nominative: dhe
- Accusative: dha
- Dative: dhan
- Genitive: dhaxt
Plural
- Nominative: iol
- Accusative: ioln
- Dative: ione
- Genitive: ioext
