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Proto-Persian': Difference between revisions

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(Persian' on mennä.)
 
(sandhi & vowels)
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Thanks to some of the oldest languages attested in writing ([[Tsonboran]] especially) belonging in the [[Persian']] family, this protolang can reliably be traced all the way back to about -8ka, despite the family being relativly small. (Out of real language families, the "analog" of this might be Dravidian.)
Thanks to some of the oldest languages attested in writing ([[Tsonboran]] especially) belonging in the [[Persian']] family, this protolang can reliably be traced all the way back to about -8ka, despite the family being relativly small. (Out of real language families, the "analog" of this might be Dravidian.)


===Consonants===
{|
{|
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
Line 39: Line 40:
! Voiced continuants
! Voiced continuants
| align="center" | m
| align="center" | m
| align="center" | n     ɾ
| align="center" | n     r
| align="center" | l
| align="center" | l
| align="center" | j     w
| align="center" | j     w
| align="center" | ʁ
| align="center" | ʁ
|}
====Cluster table====
{|
! Color code
|-
| Plain consonant clusters (may occur morpheme-internally)
|-
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | Regular phonetic (subphonemic) mutations (may occur morpheme-internally)
|-
| style="background:#FFEECC" | Intermorphemic
|}
{|
|Coda →<br/>Onset ↓
! p !! t !! k !! q !! h !! m !! n
|-
! pʰ
| N/A || tpʰ || kpʰ || qpʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" rowspan="3" valign="center" | ʰp || mpʰ || npʰ
|-
! p
| N/A
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰtp
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰkp
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰqp || mp || np
|-
! b
| N/A || tb || kb || qb
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | m
|-
! tʰ
| ptʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | qtʰ
| ktʰ || qtʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" rowspan="3" valign="center" | ʰt || mtʰ || ntʰ
|-
! t
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰpt
| style="background:#FFEECC" | ʰqt
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰkt
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰqt || mt || nt
|-
! d
| pd
| style="background:#FFEECC" | tr || kd || qd
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | n
|-
! kʰ
| pkʰ || tkʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | tkʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" rowspan="2" valign="center" | ʰk || mkʰ || nkʰ
|-
! k
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰpk
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰtk
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | ʰtk || mk || nk
|-
! qʰ
| pqʰ || tqʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | tqʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" rowspan="2" valign="center" | ʰq || mqʰ || nqʰ
|-
! q
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰpq
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | ʰtq
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | ʰtq || mq || nq
|-
! s
| N/A
| style="background:#FFEECC" | qs || ks || qs
| style="background:#FFEECC" | hs || ms || ns
|-
! ɬ
| N/A
| style="background:#FFEECC" | ql
| style="background:#FFEECC" | kl
| style="background:#FFEECC" | ql
| style="background:#FFEECC" | hɬ || mɬ || nɬ
|-
! χ
| N/A
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="3" align="center" | qʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | hh || mχ || nχ
|-
! ʁ
| N/A
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | tʀ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | qʀ
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | qʀ
| style="background:#FFFFCC" | hʀ || ? || ?
|-
! h
| style="background:#FFEECC" | pʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | tʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | kʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | qʰ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | hh || mh || nh
|-
! m
| N/A
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="3" align="center" | m || hm
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | m
|-
! n
| N/A
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="3" align="center" | n || hn
| style="background:#FFEECC" colspan="2" align="center" | n
|-
! r
| pr || tr || kr || qr || hr
| style="background:#FFEECC" | ms
| style="background:#FFEECC" | ns
|-
! l
| pl
| style="background:#FFEECC" | ql || kl || ql || hl
| style="background:#FFEECC" | mɬ
| style="background:#FFEECC" | nɬ
|-
! j
| pj || tj || kj
| style="background:#FFEECC" | kj || hj || mj || nj
|-
! w
| N/A || tw || kw || qw || hw
| style="background:#FFEECC" | m || nw
|}
===Vowels===
{|
| rowspan="2" |
! align="center" colspan="4" | Front
! align="center" colspan="4" | Non-Front
|-
! <small>Short</small>
! <small>Long</small>
! <small>_j</small>
! <small>_w</small>
! <small>Short</small>
! <small>Long</small>
! <small>_j</small>
! <small>_w</small>
|-
! Hi
| align="center" | ɪ
| align="center" | ɪː
| align="center" | ɪj
| align="center" | ɪw
| align="center" | ʊ
| align="center" | ʊː
| align="center" | ʊj
|-
! Mid
| align="center" | e
| align="center" | eː
| align="center" | ej
| align="center" | ew
| align="center" rowspan="2" | ɐ || ||
| align="center" | ow
|-
|-
! Lo
| align="center" | æ
| align="center" | æː
| align="center" | æj
| align="center" | æw
| align="center" | ɒː
|}
|}
Former */ɑ ɑːɑj ɑw/ → /ɐ ɒː æj ow/ and */ʊw/ → /ow/.

Revision as of 11:34, 1 November 2007

Thanks to some of the oldest languages attested in writing (Tsonboran especially) belonging in the Persian' family, this protolang can reliably be traced all the way back to about -8ka, despite the family being relativly small. (Out of real language families, the "analog" of this might be Dravidian.)

Consonants

Labial Coronal Velar Uvular Glottal
Central Lateral
Aspirate stops pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
Tenuis stops p t k q
Voiced stops b d
Voiceless fricativs s ɬ χ h
Voiced continuants m n     r l j     w ʁ

Cluster table

Color code
Plain consonant clusters (may occur morpheme-internally)
Regular phonetic (subphonemic) mutations (may occur morpheme-internally)
Intermorphemic
Coda →
Onset ↓ 		p t k q h m n
pʰ N/A tpʰ kpʰ qpʰ ʰp mpʰ npʰ
p N/A ʰtp ʰkp ʰqp mp np
b N/A tb kb qb m
tʰ ptʰ qtʰ ktʰ qtʰ ʰt mtʰ ntʰ
t ʰpt ʰqt ʰkt ʰqt mt nt
d pd tr kd qd n
kʰ pkʰ tkʰ tkʰ ʰk mkʰ nkʰ
k ʰpk ʰtk ʰtk mk nk
qʰ pqʰ tqʰ tqʰ ʰq mqʰ nqʰ
q ʰpq ʰtq ʰtq mq nq
s N/A qs ks qs hs ms ns
ɬ N/A ql kl ql hɬ mɬ nɬ
χ N/A qʰ hh mχ nχ
ʁ N/A tʀ qʀ qʀ hʀ ? ?
h pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ hh mh nh
m N/A m hm m
n N/A n hn n
r pr tr kr qr hr ms ns
l pl ql kl ql hl mɬ nɬ
j pj tj kj kj hj mj nj
w N/A tw kw qw hw m nw

Vowels

Front Non-Front
Short Long _j _w Short Long _j _w
Hi ɪ ɪː ɪj ɪw ʊ ʊː ʊj
Mid e eː ej ew ɐ ow
Lo æ æː æj æw ɒː

Former */ɑ ɑːɑj ɑw/ → /ɐ ɒː æj ow/ and */ʊw/ → /ow/.

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