Nother/Trentish: Difference between revisions

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===Subpages===
===Subpages===
*[[Trentish/Morphology]]
*[[Trentish/Lexicon]]
*[[Trentish/Lexicon]]


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* Ejective stops geminate a preceding nasal:  
* Ejective stops geminate a preceding nasal:  
*:/pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → [xɑmmɑlɑŋ] "hate that"
*:/pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → [xɑmmɑlɑŋ] "hate that"
==Morphology==
===Reduplication===
Reduplication produces resultative nouns from verbal roots.
*/mɑli/ "speak" → /mɑli-mɑli/ "speech, message"
*/pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → /pʼɑlɑŋ-pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hatred, grudge" (i.e., [pʼɑlɑxpʼɑlɑŋ])
In reduplication, no more than the first two syllables are reduplicated:
*/ikʼɑtɬi/ "barter" → /ikʼɑ-ikʼɑtɬi/ "transaction"
===Voice===
Trentish verbs are marked for [[voice]]. 
There are five voices, '''active''', '''unergative''', '''unaccusative''', '''passive''', and '''middle'''.  Their use depends on the presence of and importance given to the agent and patient.
{| cellpadding=5
! agent !! patient !! voice !! marker
|-
| high || low || ''active'' / ''middle'' || ∅ / /ʊk-/
|-
| high || none || ''unergative'' || /tɬi-/
|-
| low || high || ''passive'' / ''middle'' || ∅ / /ʊk-/
|-
| none || high || ''unaccusative'' || /ʔuu-/
|}
The middle voice is used if the agent and patient refer to the same entity (''me'' and ''myself'') or an entity and a part of itself (''me'' and ''my nose'').
The ''high'' agent or patient is marked with the topic marker /-pɑ/.
The ''low'' agent or patient is marked with /-(ɔ)m/.
===Aspect===
There are at least six [[aspect]]s, which are focuses on the status of the event.
{| cellpadding=5
! aspect !! description !! marker
|-
| imperfective ||  seen as in progress || ∅
|-
| perfective ||  seen as completed || /po-/
|-
| iterative || seen as happening many times together || /tʰø-/
|-
| cumulative || iterative with cumulative effect  || /mel-/
|-
| reluctative || seen as happening with reluctance || /ɑk-/
|-
| effrenative<sup>?</sup> || seen as happening without reluctance <br> (either in a good or bad way) || /pʰli-/
|}
===Mood===
{| cellpadding=5
! [[mood]] !! description !! marker
|-
| indicative || seen as real || ∅
|-
| probable || seen as expected or inevitable; <br> future || /tʷo-/
|-
| fictive || seen as hypothetical; <br>subjunctive, infinitive, (negative) || /i-/
|}
===Number===
Trentish nouns are unmarked for [[number]].  There is, however, optional number marking, along two axes:
{|
! !! paucal !! plural
|-
! separate
| /me-/ || /ʔlu-me-/
|-
! aggregate
| /el-/ || /ʔl-el-/
|}
A singular can be emphasized with /s(ʌ)-/. 
''Aggregate'' and ''separate'' refer to whether the plural things are physically grouped together (''aggregate''), or not (''separate'').
===Adjectives===
There are two types of adjective in Trentish, ''scalar'' and ''binary''.  Scalar adjectives are always marked for degree (the simplest form is the positive /ʔo-/).  Adjectives can be used nominally.

Revision as of 11:08, 20 June 2004

Description

A priori conlang for a race of entlike creatures in Nother. Polysynthetic.


Subpages

Phonology and Orthography

Phonemic Inventory

Consonants

labial alveolar palatal velar glottal
plosive p pʼ pʰ tʼ tʰ tʷ c cʰ cʷ k kʼ kʰ kʷ ʔ
nasal m n ɲ ŋ
lateral l tɬ
fricative s ʃ x

Vowels

i y ʊ u
e ø o
ʌ ɔ
ɑ

Orthography

(tentative)

  • b p ph t th tw dʼ tʼh tʼw g k kh kw q
  • m n ny ng
  • l ƛ
  • s sh x
  • i ü uh u
  • e ö oh
  • r o
  • a

No uppercase.

Internal Sandhi

Word-level

  • Trentish words can only end in a vowel or a nasal. Stops and /l/ occurring at the end of a word are nasalized, thus /thɑk/ "wear" becomes [thɑŋ]. /ʔ/ and the other consonants are dropped.

Syllable-level

Syllable-final
  • Plain voiceless consonants disappear, lengthening the previous vowel:
    /xlɔʔ/ "washed, clean" → [xlɔɔkʷʌ] "be washed".
  • Ejectives and /l/ turn to nasals as at the word level:
    /tʰɔl/ "upon" → [tʰɔŋkʷʌ] "be on top of".
  • Labialized consonants reduce to [w]:
    /kitʷ/ COLL → [kiwcʷecʷe] "set of journeys".
  • Aspirated consonants fricativize:
    /pʼɑlɑkʰ/ "hate" → [pʼɑlɑxpʼɑlɑŋ] "grudge".
Syllable-initial after a nasal
  • Aspirated stops are ejectivized by a preceding original nasal:
    /tʰɑŋ/ "wear" → [xɑntʼɑŋ] "wear that"
  • Labialized stops inherit preceding nasality:
    /cʷe/ "go" → [xɑnɲʷe] "go up yonder".
  • Plain stops are aspirated by a preceding nasal:
    /pɑ/ TOP → [xɑnpʰɑ] "yonder"
  • Ejective stops geminate a preceding nasal:
    /pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → [xɑmmɑlɑŋ] "hate that"
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