Virgoranto: Difference between revisions
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'''Design principles''' | '''Design principles''' | ||
To combine reform efforts to reform the grammar of Esperanto with a modern vocabulary. | To combine reform efforts to reform the grammar of Esperanto with a modern vocabulary. VIRGORANTO has no accusative ending, no article and the plural adjective ending is omitted. Virgoranto is of course not discriminative against women as Esperanto. | ||
'''Language sources''' | '''Language sources''' | ||
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U like in good | U like in good | ||
B, D, F, L, M, M, P. T are pronounced like in German or English | |||
C is “ts” like German “Zucker” | C is “ts” like German “Zucker” | ||
G like in good | G like in good | ||
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There are no diphtongs, where two vocals meet, they are pronounced seperately “E-u-ro-po | There are no diphtongs, where two vocals meet, they are pronounced seperately “E-u-ro-po | ||
''ACCENT'' | |||
The first syllable has always the accent | The first syllable has always the accent | ||
'''MORPHOLOGY''' | '''MORPHOLOGY''' | ||
''ARTICLES'' | |||
No defined or undefined article, so „fato“ can mean a father or the father depending on context. | No defined or undefined article, so „fato“ can mean a father or the father depending on context. | ||
''NOUNS'' | |||
1. No gramnatic gender, Words for professions are gender neutral. If a gender should be expressed then –ma for male and –fe for female are put before the ending | 1. No gramnatic gender, Words for professions are gender neutral. If a gender should be expressed then –ma for male and –fe for female are put before the ending | ||
Gender neutral sekretaro (secretary) | Gender neutral sekretaro (secretary) | ||
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3. The Plural is formed by adding–s girlos (the girls) | 3. The Plural is formed by adding–s girlos (the girls) | ||
''CAUSES'' | |||
Acussative is identical to the nominative. So it is necessary to have a strict word order (S-V-O). | Acussative is identical to the nominative. So it is necessary to have a strict word order (S-V-O). | ||
Me vidir Claudia (I saw Claudia.) un Claudia vidir me. (and Claudia saw me.) | Me vidir Claudia (I saw Claudia.) un Claudia vidir me. (and Claudia saw me.) | ||
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The dative is formed with help of the prepposition „an“. Example: Me givar an Claudia buko (I give Claudia the book.) | The dative is formed with help of the prepposition „an“. Example: Me givar an Claudia buko (I give Claudia the book.) | ||
''ADJECTIVE'' | |||
Ends in an –a, there is no plural ending for the adjective | Ends in an –a, there is no plural ending for the adjective | ||
Juna girlo (a young girl) | Juna girlo (a young girl) | ||
Juna girlos (young girls) | Juna girlos (young girls) | ||
The Comperative is formed by “mer” and Superlative by “mest” | |||
Anne esar mer bela kvi Claudia (Anne is more beautiful than Claudia). | Anne esar mer bela kvi Claudia (Anne is more beautiful than Claudia). | ||
Men Doro esar mest bela girlo. (But Doro is the most beautiful girl.) | Men Doro esar mest bela girlo. (But Doro is the most beautiful girl.) | ||
''ADVERBS'' | |||
Adverbs are ending in –e | Adverbs are ending in –e | ||
Girlo singar bele. (The girl sings beautifully.) | Girlo singar bele. (The girl sings beautifully.) | ||
''VERB'' | |||
Ends in the infinitive in -i (singi = to sing) | Ends in the infinitive in -i (singi = to sing) | ||
Present Tense ends in –ar (Girlo singar – The girl sings.) | Present Tense ends in –ar (Girlo singar – The girl sings.) | ||
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Conditional –ur (Girlo singur - The girl would sing.) | Conditional –ur (Girlo singur - The girl would sing.) | ||
''Imperative'' | |||
The verb stem without its infinitive ending | The verb stem without its infinitive ending | ||
Singi (to sing) - Sing! (Sing!) | Singi (to sing) - Sing! (Sing!) | ||
''Active Participle'' | |||
-anta singanta (singing) | -anta singanta (singing) | ||
Singanta girlo (The singing girl) | Singanta girlo (The singing girl) | ||
''Passive Participle'' | |||
-ata singata | -ata singata | ||
Songo, kvile esir singata. (The song which was sang) | Songo, kvile esir singata. (The song which was sang) | ||
There is no progressive tense in Virgoranto. | |||
''NEGATION'' | |||
Verbs are negated with „ne” | Verbs are negated with „ne” | ||
Me ne esar stora. (I am not big.) | Me ne esar stora. (I am not big.) | ||
''NUMBERS'' | |||
1 = en, 2 = du, 3 = tre, 4=fir, 5= fem, 6=six, 7= sev, 8 = ok, 9=nin,. 10= ten | 1 = en, 2 = du, 3 = tre, 4=fir, 5= fem, 6=six, 7= sev, 8 = ok, 9=nin,. 10= ten | ||
11=ten en, 12= ten du, 20 duten, 30 = treten, 46 = firten six, 100=hond, 110 hond ten | 11=ten en, 12= ten du, 20 duten, 30 = treten, 46 = firten six, 100=hond, 110 hond ten | ||
132 = hond treten du, 200= duhond, 1000 = tus, 2983 = dutus nin hond okten tre | 132 = hond treten du, 200= duhond, 1000 = tus, 2983 = dutus nin hond okten tre | ||
''ORDINAL NUMBERS'' | |||
The ordinal numbers are formed by adding -te at the cardinal number. | The ordinal numbers are formed by adding -te at the cardinal number. | ||
So: ente (first), dute (second), hond treten trete (the 103rd). | So: ente (first), dute (second), hond treten trete (the 103rd). | ||
''QUESTIONS'' | |||
Who = Kvis | Who = Kvis | ||
Where = Kvo | Where = Kvo | ||
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''PERSONAL PRONOUNS'' | |||
Me (I) Mes (we) | Me (I) Mes (we) | ||
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Gi (it) Gis (they n.) | Gi (it) Gis (they n.) | ||
''POSSESIVE PRONOUNS'' | |||
The ending –a is put at the personal pronoun | The ending –a is put at the personal pronoun | ||
Mea (my) Mesa (our) | Mea (my) Mesa (our) | ||
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Gia (its) Gisa (their n.) | Gia (its) Gisa (their n.) | ||
''TO HAVE and TO BE'' | |||
To ben = esi = Me esar, Yu esar, Shi esar, Hi esar, Gi esar (I am, you are...) | To ben = esi = Me esar, Yu esar, Shi esar, Hi esar, Gi esar (I am, you are...) | ||
To have = havi = Me havar en brolo un du siskos (I have a brother and a sister) | To have = havi = Me havar en brolo un du siskos (I have a brother and a sister) | ||
'' PASSIVE VOICE'' | |||
The Passive Voice is formed with the conjugated form of "to be" (sein) and the Passive Participle Partizip Passiv. The subject of the active sentence is expressed by the preposition "per" (of). | The Passive Voice is formed with the conjugated form of "to be" (sein) and the Passive Participle Partizip Passiv. The subject of the active sentence is expressed by the preposition "per" (of). | ||
Prezidento esir electata per folko. (The president is elected by the people) | |||
'''SYNTAX''' | '''SYNTAX''' | ||
''WORD ORDER'' | |||
The word order is Subject-Verb-Object in statements. | The word order is Subject-Verb-Object in statements. | ||
Example: Me spelar futbol. (We play football) | Example: Me spelar futbol. (We play football) | ||
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Lesar yu buko? Are you reading the book? | Lesar yu buko? Are you reading the book? | ||
RELATIVE CLAUSES | |||
The relative pronoun is "kvile" (who, what). Kvile is never changed. To mark the different between subject and object relations in the relative clause, the word order is decisive. | The relative pronoun is "kvile" (who, what). Kvile is never changed. To mark the different between subject and object relations in the relative clause, the word order is decisive. | ||
Girlo, kvile me vidir, esir bela. (The girl, who I saw, was beautiful.) | |||
:Girlo, kvile vidir me, esir bela (The girl, who saw me, was beautiful.) | :Girlo, kvile vidir me, esir bela (The girl, who saw me, was beautiful.) | ||
SOME IMPORTANT PHRASES | |||
Guda morno! Good morning! | Guda morno! Good morning! | ||
Guda dago! Good afternoon! | Guda dago! Good afternoon! | ||
Revision as of 02:29, 6 September 2007
VIRGORANTO is a International Auxiliary Language created by Andoromeda.
Description
The name VIRGORANTA means "virginal Esperanto". That means that Esperanto's grammar is reduced to its core and the vocabulary is modernized by reducing Latin terms and bringing in more Germanic words from English and German.
Uniqueness
VIRGORANTO is a modern germano-centric hybrid and simplified form of several reform movements of Esperanto.
Design principles
To combine reform efforts to reform the grammar of Esperanto with a modern vocabulary. VIRGORANTO has no accusative ending, no article and the plural adjective ending is omitted. Virgoranto is of course not discriminative against women as Esperanto.
Language sources
VIRGORANTO vocabulary is based mainly English and German, but also some words from Scandinavian languages. The vocabulary is quickly expanding.
PHONETICS
Virgoranto uses 5 consonants A like in German "Alphabet" E like in energy O like in often I like in intention U like in good
B, D, F, L, M, M, P. T are pronounced like in German or English C is “ts” like German “Zucker” G like in good H like in have J like in "yes" K like in cat KV like Q in question S like in sound SH like she V like in vacuum X like ch in German “ich” Z like s in rose
There are no diphtongs, where two vocals meet, they are pronounced seperately “E-u-ro-po
ACCENT The first syllable has always the accent
MORPHOLOGY
ARTICLES No defined or undefined article, so „fato“ can mean a father or the father depending on context.
NOUNS 1. No gramnatic gender, Words for professions are gender neutral. If a gender should be expressed then –ma for male and –fe for female are put before the ending Gender neutral sekretaro (secretary) sekratamaro male secretary sekretafero female secretary) 2. Nouns are ending in -o like girlo (girl) and bojo (boy) 3. The Plural is formed by adding–s girlos (the girls)
CAUSES Acussative is identical to the nominative. So it is necessary to have a strict word order (S-V-O). Me vidir Claudia (I saw Claudia.) un Claudia vidir me. (and Claudia saw me.) The genitive is formed with the help of the preposition „of”. Example: Buko of Claudia (Claudia’s book) The dative is formed with help of the prepposition „an“. Example: Me givar an Claudia buko (I give Claudia the book.)
ADJECTIVE Ends in an –a, there is no plural ending for the adjective Juna girlo (a young girl) Juna girlos (young girls)
The Comperative is formed by “mer” and Superlative by “mest” Anne esar mer bela kvi Claudia (Anne is more beautiful than Claudia). Men Doro esar mest bela girlo. (But Doro is the most beautiful girl.)
ADVERBS Adverbs are ending in –e Girlo singar bele. (The girl sings beautifully.)
VERB Ends in the infinitive in -i (singi = to sing) Present Tense ends in –ar (Girlo singar – The girl sings.) Past Tense ends in.-ir (Girlo singir – The girl sang.) Future Tense –or (Girlo singor - The girl will sing.) Conditional –ur (Girlo singur - The girl would sing.)
Imperative The verb stem without its infinitive ending Singi (to sing) - Sing! (Sing!)
Active Participle -anta singanta (singing) Singanta girlo (The singing girl)
Passive Participle -ata singata Songo, kvile esir singata. (The song which was sang)
There is no progressive tense in Virgoranto.
NEGATION Verbs are negated with „ne” Me ne esar stora. (I am not big.)
NUMBERS 1 = en, 2 = du, 3 = tre, 4=fir, 5= fem, 6=six, 7= sev, 8 = ok, 9=nin,. 10= ten 11=ten en, 12= ten du, 20 duten, 30 = treten, 46 = firten six, 100=hond, 110 hond ten 132 = hond treten du, 200= duhond, 1000 = tus, 2983 = dutus nin hond okten tre
ORDINAL NUMBERS The ordinal numbers are formed by adding -te at the cardinal number. So: ente (first), dute (second), hond treten trete (the 103rd).
QUESTIONS
Who = Kvis
Where = Kvo
When = Kvam
How = Kvi
How much = Kvand
Why= For kvod?
What?=Kvod?
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Me (I) Mes (we) Ju (you) Jus (you pl.) Hi (he) His (they m.) Shi (she) Shis (they f.) Gi (it) Gis (they n.)
POSSESIVE PRONOUNS The ending –a is put at the personal pronoun Mea (my) Mesa (our) Jua (your) Jusa (your pl.) Hia (his) Hisa (their m.) Shia (her) Shisa (their f.) Gia (its) Gisa (their n.)
TO HAVE and TO BE To ben = esi = Me esar, Yu esar, Shi esar, Hi esar, Gi esar (I am, you are...) To have = havi = Me havar en brolo un du siskos (I have a brother and a sister)
PASSIVE VOICE The Passive Voice is formed with the conjugated form of "to be" (sein) and the Passive Participle Partizip Passiv. The subject of the active sentence is expressed by the preposition "per" (of).
Prezidento esir electata per folko. (The president is elected by the people)
SYNTAX
WORD ORDER The word order is Subject-Verb-Object in statements. Example: Me spelar futbol. (We play football) In questions the word order is Verb-Subject-Object Kvo esar balo? Where is the ball? Lesar yu buko? Are you reading the book?
RELATIVE CLAUSES The relative pronoun is "kvile" (who, what). Kvile is never changed. To mark the different between subject and object relations in the relative clause, the word order is decisive.
Girlo, kvile me vidir, esir bela. (The girl, who I saw, was beautiful.)
- Girlo, kvile vidir me, esir bela (The girl, who saw me, was beautiful.)
SOME IMPORTANT PHRASES Guda morno! Good morning! Guda dago! Good afternoon! Guda eveno! Good evening! Guda nakto! Good night! Ave! Hello! Kvi ju goar? How are you! Takju, gude. Thank you, I am fine! Kvi ju hetar? What’s your name? Me hetar Doro My name is Doro Me amorar ju! I love you Kvand ju havar jaros? How old are you? Me havar duten fir jaros. I am 24 years old Farvel! Good bye!
Links
http://pauker.at/VIP/Andoromeda/kate_DE/6196 (An outline of Virgoranto in English) http://wb.pauker.at/VIP/Andoromeda/kate_de/6003 (An outline of Virgoranto in German) http://wb.pauker.at/VIP/Andoromeda/kate_de/6004 (Dictionary Virgoranto/German/English) http://wb.pauker.at/VIP/Andoromeda/kate_de/6006 (Dictionary German/Virgoranto/English)
