Þolb

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there are no prepostions. these are done with adverbs.

Overview

Þolb is an ergative-absolutive language. Word order is generally Patient-Verb-Agent.

Nouns - ðâpþtpontek

Nouns are divided into several classes, depending on the type of item. Each class has a special set of pronouns. Ony classes one and two have a first person pronoun. Several of the classes have special words that may belong only to those classes, as well as special affixes. Some words may fall into several classes.

Nouns have four cases: Ergative, absolutive, genetive and dative.

1. Divine/humans of a higher status - twilmerd

This class is used to describe the divine as well as those of a higher social status than oneself, usually royalty. This is the smallest class of nouns.

Prefixes

• Plural marker = wen-
• Ergative marker = keþ-
• Genetive marker = þû-
• Dative marker = tir-

Pronouns

Pronouns	Absolutive	Ergative	Genitive	Dative
First person	waþelb	keþwaþelb	þûwaþelb	tirwaþelb
Second person	nurlemp	keþnurlemp	þûnurlemp	tirnurlemp
Third person	klondrempt	keþklondrempt	þûklondrempt	tirklondrempt

Special words

• kþeltomp - man or woman, person
• þmeltilb - God
• þkwelmport - King
• twilmerd - important person/VIP

2. Humans

• Plural prefix = we-, yo-, kwe-
• Ergative marker = k
• Genetive marker = þ
• Dative marker = t

Pronouns

Singular pronouns	Absolutive	Ergative	Genitive	Dative
First person	þkwâm	k þkwâm	þ þkwâm	t þkwâm
Second person	meþt	k meþt	þ meþt	t meþt
Third person	klont	k klont	þ klont	t klont

Second and third person plural pronouns always take the prefix kwe- First person plural pronouns are treated differently. See below.

Plural pronouns	Absolutive	Ergative	Genitive	Dative
Second person	kwemeþt	k kwemeþt	þ kwemeþt	t kwemeþt
Third person	kweklont	k kweklont	þ kweklont	t kweklont

First person plural pronouns are distinct words. Unlike English, the first person plural pronouns distinguish who is included in "we".

We pronouns	Absolutive	Ergative	Genitive	Dative
I + you (not he she or they)	hegrâl	k hegrâl	þ hegrâl	t hegrâl
I + he, she or they (not you)	þkim	k þkim	þ þkim	t þkim
I + he, she or they +you	bwok	k bwok	þ bwok	t bwok

Verbs - ðâpþthempt

Compared to the complex class system of nouns, verbs are relatively simple. Verbs fall into two types, transitive and intransitive.

There is no tense in the language, but aspect. Aspect and mood are expressed by prefixes to the verbs. These words may be combined together.

verbs	perfective	continuous	habitually	negative
imperative	mok-	þkek-	hem-	lâmp-
would	mâr-	þâr-	hâr-	lâr-
negative	mek-	þek-	hek-	lek-
positive	mi-	þi-	hi-	li-
want	milþ-	þilþ-	hilþ-	lilþ-
must	mu-	þu-	hu-	lu-
can	muþ-	þuþ-	huþ-	luþ-
need	men-	þen-	hen-	len-

• þke- to make, cause
• kwo- to become

Adjectives and adverbs

"Natural" adjectives follow the noun and a particle m. For example: þkor m tilmp "blue water"

• tem- (“made of” or “being a”): hirþ m temþkor “a water-way”, i.e. “a way made of water”.
• twu- (“of” or “relating to”) roptr m twuþkor “water sports”.
• kint- (“having” or “full of”): hirþ m kintþkor “a way full of water”.

Alphabet - kormpbarþt

a â b d ð e g h k l m n ng o p r t þ u û w y

Examples

• Darm halb remp.
• The man has arrived.

• Þkek meþt wipt k þkwâm.
• I love you.

• Milk halb gelþ t kolm r melm.
• The man walked into the house.

• Þkek þkor kwemp.
• The water is boiling.

• Þkek mantr þkekwemp k klont.
• I am boiling the potato.

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• Walm gelþ kolm balþteþ r grûmp.
• The girl walked inside the house.

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