Classical Diūn: Difference between revisions
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''It/He is my wolf'' | ''It/He is my wolf'' | ||
'''''The Restrictive Clause''''' | |||
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The Restrictive Clause is formed by using the word "vis" (that) | |||
'''Toi vīnō vis Vō toi phīha''' | |||
''I know that you love me'' | |||
The construction "I know you love me" is impossible unlike in English | |||
'''''Reflexiveness''''' | |||
---- |
Revision as of 20:53, 29 April 2007
Also know as Djuun, Dyuun, Classical Djūn. Intellectual Property of Samuel Martinez also known as "Mezzo" and "Sæm"
Phonology
Plosive /p b t d t` d` k g/ /p b t d ʈ ɖ k g/ <p b t d th dh c,k g>
Nasal /m n n`/ /m n ɳ/ <m n nh>
Fricative /f v s z s` z` h/ /f v s z ʂ ʐ h/ <f,ph v,bh s z sh zh h>
Affricate /ts tS/ /ts tʃ/ <cc,ċ ch>
Approximant /r\ j/ /ɹ j/ <r j,y>
Lateral Approximant /l/ /l/ <l>
Close /i: u:/ /i: u:/ <ī ū>
Close Lax /I U/ /ɪ ʊ/ <i u>
Close-Mid /e: o:/ /e: o:/ <ē ō>
Mid Lax /@/ /ə/<ë>
Open-Mid /E O/ /ɛ ɔ/ <e o>
Open Lax /{:/ /æ:/ <ā>
Open /A/ /ɑ/ <a>
short /I U E O A/ <i u e o a>
long /i u e o {/ <ī ū ē ō ā>
neutral /@/ <ë>
Diphthongs /OI aI aU/ <oi ai au>
Syllable Structure
CV(C)
Stress is on the first syllable
Allophones
All plosives become aspirated at the end of a word
[N] occurs at the end of words as an allophone of /n/
[J] occurs as an allophone of /n/ word medial
[dZ] is an allophone of /g/ that occures medially
[T] is an allophone of /t/ between two vowels
[D] is an allophone of /d/ between two vowels
Phonotactics
No consonant clusters consisting of only fricatives,plosives or approximants
No consonant clusters involving nasals
The coda and onset cannot consist of more than two consonant sounds
There can be no double vowels sounds. vowels are either between two consonants or are diphthongs.
Approximants cannot begin a word. Approximants also have to have a Plosive or only the following fricatives /f v s z h/.
/r\/ cannot come after /p b k s z g/
retroflex consonants can only come at the end of a word
Morphology
Djūn nouns are inflected for case and whether the noun carrys the definite article or not
Djūn is an Ergative_Absolutive Language. The Ergative case marks the subject of a transative verb.
the suffix -(ō)m is added to the noun to mark the Ergative case while no suffix is needed to mark the Absolutive case.
Example:
Vinidōm va cīdjī mū
Boy.PLUR-ERG 2PS.ABS have.3P future-particle
Boys will have you
the infix -(i)d marks the plural. It comes before the ergative suffix and after the root.
The suffix (though not present in the above sentence) -(ō)n marks that the root carries the definite article. When the word is marked for Ergativity the definite article is not marked. So our above sentence could be translated as "The Boys will have you" or "Boys will have you" depending on context.
The Djūn pronouns are as follows
________ERG_____ABS_____REFLEXIVE
1PS_____Tja_____Toi_____Tjī
1PP_____Nō______Bai_____Noi
2PS_____Vō______Va______Voi
2PP_____Djō_____Na______Djoi
3PMS____Cī______Ga______Coi
3PFS____Hō______Cā______Hoi
3PP_____Pē______Nī______Poi
Djūn Verbs are inflected for person and in one case (the participle) for tense. The Djūn tenses ( past and future) are expressed by separate morphemes. The Present does not need a separate morpheme unless forming the present participle.
infinitive: root -en
participle: -is + nōmen inflected for person
1st Person: -(h)ō
2nd Person: -(h)a
3rd Person: -(h)ī
All-Persons Plural: -(h)ē
The tense morphemes are as follows
mō: past morpheme
mī: present morpheme (only required in participle constructions)
mū: future morpheme
Tense morphemes follow the verb
Examples
1PS: 1 Person Singular
ERG: Ergative
ABS: Absolutive
1P: 1st Person
inf: infinitive
part: Participle
(past,present,future-)tnsmrph: tense morpheme
Tja ga hadō sōnen
1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-1P can-inf
I can do it
Tja ga hadis nōmō mī
1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-part to-be-1P present-tnsmrph
I am doing it
Tja ga hadis nōmō mō
1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-part to-be-1P present-tnsmrph
I was doing it
Tja ga hadis nōmō mū
1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-part to-be-1P present-tnsmrph
I will be doing it
Tja cā phīhō
1PS.ERG 3PFS.ABS to-love-1P
I love her
Hō toi phīhī
3PFS.ERG 1PS.ABS to-love-3P
She loves me
Vō cā phīha
2PS.ERG 3PFS.ABS to-love-2P
You love her
You probably get it now...
Adjectives take the ending -(h)iv. This is remnant of Proto-Djūn's fully inflected Adjectives
Toidën vōv pōv' nōmī
Man.def. medium.adj here.ABS to-be.3P
The medium (sized) man is here
Syntax
Djūn has Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order by default.
The Djūn verbal moods are:
Subject-Object-Verb - indictive
Verb-Object-Subject - question
Subject-Verb-Object - subjunctive
Verb-Object-Subject - command, -īm suffix is added to the verb which is not inflected
Examples
Tja va phīhō.
I love you
Phīhō va tja?
Do I love you
Cī phīhī va...
should he love you...
Phīhenīm va cī!
Love him!
The Adjective follows the noun it modifies. The Adverb also follows the verb it modifies.
Djūn uses postpositions unlike English which uses prepositions. So "In the house" would be "the house in"
Because there is no Genitive case in Djūn, Djūn uses the post position "hē" (of) to show possesion.
Example:
Zomūn toi hē
Wolf.ABS 1PS.ABS of
My wolf
Cī zomūn toi hē nōmī
3PMS.ERG wolf.ABS 1PS.ABS of to-be-3P
It/He is my wolf
The Restrictive Clause
The Restrictive Clause is formed by using the word "vis" (that)
Toi vīnō vis Vō toi phīha
I know that you love me
The construction "I know you love me" is impossible unlike in English
Reflexiveness