Mahabhadhuphu: Difference between revisions
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|'''IPA'''||/a/||/k/||/t/||/e/||/w/||/h/||/d/||/ɱ/||/n̪/||||/u/||/p/||/j/||/ɺ/||/ʀ/||/ŋ/||/g/||/b/ | |'''IPA'''||/a/||/k/||/t/||/e/||/w/||/h/||/d/||/ɱ/||/n̪/||||/u/||/p/||/j/||/ɺ/||/ʀ/||/ŋ/||/g/||/b/ | ||
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|'''Name'''||Arew||Kabhu||Terethu||Epheru||Waw||Hethu||Dethu||Mu||Nu||Hu||Ubhekheru||Pu||Yuphu||Ru||Arru||Ngepheru||Gu||Bu | ||rowspan="2"|'''Name'''||Arew||Kabhu||Terethu||Epheru||Waw||Hethu||Dethu||Mu||Nu||Hu||Ubhekheru||Pu||Yuphu||Ru||Arru||Ngepheru||Gu||Bu | ||
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Revision as of 09:48, 1 March 2007
Mahabhadhuphu (Eng: Mamanuphian; Mamanuphian: Mahaφξaθξoπξo) is a language isolate. It is an ergative-absolutive language, leading some scholars to surmise that it may be related to Basque. Mahabhadhuphu lexicon, Mahabhadhuphu vocabulary
Alphabet
The Mamanuphian alphabet (arewebhethu, aρefeφξedξo) is based on ancient Etruscan, and has somewhat of a look of a mixture of Greek (Garekhey, Xaρecξeq) and Latin (Rubhadhey, Ρoφξaθξeq) alphabets. Until 1945, the alphabet had no minuscule letters. In an effort to modernize the alphabet, the letters were given their closest Latin or Greek shapes. This process was based totally on the shape of the original letter, and thus some letters have different sounds than their Greek or Latin counterparts. If the majuscule was the same in both Latin and Greek, the Latin minuscule form won out.
Mah. | Aa | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Hh | Θθ | Mm | Nn | ξ | Oo | Ππ | Ρρ | Rr | Vv | Xx | Φφ | |
Latin | A | K | T | E | W | H | D | M | N | * | U | P | Y | R | Rr** | Ng | G | B |
IPA | /a/ | /k/ | /t/ | /e/ | /w/ | /h/ | /d/ | /ɱ/ | /n̪/ | /u/ | /p/ | /j/ | /ɺ/ | /ʀ/ | /ŋ/ | /g/ | /b/ | |
rowspan="2"|Name | Arew | Kabhu | Terethu | Epheru | Waw | Hethu | Dethu | Mu | Nu | Hu | Ubhekheru | Pu | Yuphu | Ru | Arru | Ngepheru | Gu | Bu |
*The letter ξ is used to show aspiration of the previous stop consonant (eg., b > bʰ, p > pʰ, etc.) It may also be written as a circumflex (^ rutheghu, ρodξexξo) over the letter. Since current morphology requires that all stop consonants are aspirated intervocalically, the hu or rutheghu is often left out as redundant. For example, the name of the language, Mahaφξaθξoπξo (Mahabhadhuphu) is often spelt Mahaφaθoπ0o, but φξaqaπξav (bhayaphang: island) would still be spelt φξaqaπav (with the initial ξ after the φ remaining). This guide will use official spelling with the ξ left in tact. ξ has no majuscule.
** There are two "R" sounds in Mahamanuphian. The first, represented by the letter
Orthography
Mamanuphian orthography is very basic. Words may begin with either a consonant or a vowel and follow the rule of consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel. Words may end in either a vowel or nasal (M, N or Ng). Nasala are not allowed internally in a word, and change according to this pattern: M>Bh, N>Dh, Ng>Th.
Nouns
There are five classes of nouns in Mamanuphian:
Type one: Human (gephey: xeπξeq)
Related to humans. Usually ends in -u or -e in the absolutive and ergative cases.
word | Absolutive case | Ergative case | Genitive case | Dative case | Instrumental case |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
man | mahu, maho | maheru, maheρo | mahey, maheq | maham, maham | mahuthe, mahodξe |
woman | kure, coρe | kurere, coρeρe | kurey, coρeq | kuram, coρam | kuruthe, coρodξe |
king | haru, haρo | hareru, haρeρo | harey, haρeq | haram, haρam | haruthe, haρodξe |
human (being) | gephe, xeπξe | gephere, xeπξere | gephey, xeπξeq | gepham, xeπξam | gephuthe, xeπξudξe |
Type two: Animals and plants (theng teheng radhaheng: dξev dehev ρaθξahev)
Type two nouns usually end in -eng in the absolutive and ergative cases. Domesticated animals and palnts may end either in -u or -eng. The -eng usually gives a connotation of wildness.
word | Absolutive case | Ergative case | Genitive case | Dative case |
---|---|---|---|---|
tree | dukheng, θocξev | dukhereng, θocξeρev | dukhey, θocξeq | dukham, θocξam |
plant | radhaheng, ρaθξahev | radhahereng, ρaθξaheρev | radhahey, ρaθξaheq | radhaham, ρaθξaham |
cow | bhahu (bhaheng), φξaho (φξahev) | bhaheru (bhahereng), φξaheρo (φξaheρev) | bhahey, φξahey | bhaham (φξaham) |
Type three: Tools (kerebha: ceρeφξa)
Type three nouns include tools, most technology and languages. Tools and technology usually end in either -a or -u. Languages usually end in -ethe or -uphu.
word | Absolutive case | Ergative case | Genitive case | Dative case |
---|---|---|---|---|
automobile | awthumubhera, afdξomoφξeρa | awthumubherera, afdξomoφξeρeρa | awthumubherey, afdξomoφξeρeq | awthumubheram, afdξomoφξeρam |
hammer | yura, qoρa | yurera, qoρeρa | yureq, qoρeq | yuram, qoρam |
pot | ngehu, veho | ngeheru, veheρo |
Articles
There is no indefinate or definate article in Mamanuphian.
Pronouns
I | you | he/she/it | |
me | ru, ρo | wu, fo | gu, xu |
you | ram, ρam | wam, fam | gam, xam |
him/her/it | rehu, ρeho | wehu, feho | gehu, xeho |