Terzemian/Sound Changes

I am writing these rules with the deliberate intent of later writing a parser. It will be documented at $HOME/CSMF once work starts.

Reading rules

Categories

root category = [cons][vowel]

category POA for [cons] = [bilabial][alveolar][postalveolar][palatal][velar][labiovelar][glottal]

category height for [vowel] = [close][mid][open]

category fronting for [vowel] = [front][central][back]

category fronting for [cons] = [fronted][][backed]

Shorthands

shorthand [+affric] = [+stop][+fric]

shorthand [+liquid] = [+cons][-stop][-fric][-laryngeal]

Classes

class C = .[+cons]

class V = .[+vowel]

class R = C[+liquid]

class N = C[+nasal]

class J = C[+affric]

class T = C[+stop][-voice]

class D = C[+stop][+voice]

class S = C[+fric][-voice]

class Z = C[+fric][+voice]

class H = C[+laryngeal]

Symbols

p = T[-asp][+bilabial]

b = D[-asp][+bilabial]

t = T[-asp][+alveolar]

d = D[-asp][+alveolar]

ḱ = T[-asp][+palatal]

ǵ = D[-asp][+palatal]

k = T[-asp][+velar]

g = D[-asp][+velar]

kʷ = T[-asp][+labiovelar]

gʷ = D[-asp][+labiovelar]

Cʰ > $1[+asp]

s = S[+alveolar]

r = R[+alveolar][-lateral][-nasal]

l = R[+alveolar][+lateral][-nasal]

m = N[+bilabial]

n = N[-bilabial]

ʔ = H[+palatal]

ʕ = H[+velar]

ʕʷ = H[+labiovelar]

i = V[+close][+front][-round]

e = V[+mid][+front][-round]

u = V[+close][+back][+round]

o = V[+mid][+back][+round]

Read accented vowels as feature changes

é > e[+stress]

ó > o[+stress]

ē > e[+long]

ō > o[+long]

ḗ > e[+long][+stress]

ṓ > o[+long][+stress]

Non-PIE symbols

h = S[+glottal]

z = Z[+alveolar]

š = S[+postalveolar]

ž = Z[+postalveolar]

ü = [+vowel][+close][+front][+round]

ö = [+vowel][+mid][+front][+round]

ä = [+vowel][+open][+front][-round]

a = [+vowel][+open][-front][-round]

å = [+vowel][+open][-front][+round]

x = S[+velar]

ǧ = Z[+velar]

c = J[+alveolar]

č = J[+postalveolar]

Depalatalization

ḱ > k / s _

ǵ > g / s _

Satemization

ḱ > š

ǵ > ž

Laryngeals

With vowels

ʔe > e

ʕe > a

ʕʷe > o

o[+length]H > o[+length]x

o[-length]H > o[+length]

e[+length]H > $1$2x

eʔ > e[+length]

eʕ > a[+length]

eʕʷ > o[+length]

With liquids

ʔ > i / _ R

ʕ > a / _ R

ʕʷ > u / _ R

H > ə / R _

With remaining consonants

ʔ > e / C _ C, # _ C, C _ #

ʕ > a / C _ C, # _ C, C _ #

ʕʷ > o / C _ C, # _ C, C _ #

Split labiovelar series

C[+labiovelar] > C[+bilabial] / _ (V,H)[+front]

C[+labiovelar] > C[+bilabial] / (V,H)[+front] _ #

C[+labiovelar] > C[+velar] / _ (V,H)[+round]

C[+labiovelar] > uC[+velar] / _ #

C[+labiovelar] > C[+velar]u

H[+bilabial] > w

Epenthesize syllabic liquids

> ə / C _ RC

Harmonize the weak vowel

ə > u / V[+round] C* _

ə > u / _ C* V[+round]

ə > i

Desyllabify close vowels

j = [+cons][+liquid][+palatal][-lateral][-nasal]

w = [+cons][+liquid][+labiovelar][-lateral][-nasal]

i > j / C _ V, V _ C, # _ V, V _ #

u > w / C _ V, V _ C, # _ V, V _ #

I, A, or U umlaut

Phase 1 goes here.

Finals softening

(b[+asp],d[+asp],g[+asp]) > (w,z,ž) / _ #

D[-asp] > $1[+asp] / _ #

C[-voice] > C[+voice] / _ #

r > / _ #

l > w / _ #

z > r / _ #

s > z / _ #

Monophthongization

V[+front]w > $1[+round]

V[+round]j > $1[+front]

wV[+front] > V[+front][+round][=height($2)]

jV[+round] > V[+front][-round][=height($2)]

Grassman

C[+asp] > C[-asp] / _ .* [C+asp]

Ruki

s > š / (r,u,k,i) _ , _ (r,u,k,i)

z > ž / (r,u,k,i) _ , _ (r,u,k,i)

Writing Rules

to write in Latin use

H => (OOPS!)

[+glottal] => h

[+labiovelar] => w

[+palatal] => y

[+lateral] => l

N[+bilabial] => m

N[+alveolar] => n

N[+postalveolar] => n

N[-bilabial][-alveolar][-postalveolar] => ň

R => r