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|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|-  
|-  
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" |
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! colspan="2" | Coronal
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! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! Nasal
| '''м''' /m/  
| '''м''' /m/  
| '''н''' /n̪/
| '''н''' /n̪/
Line 38: Line 38:
| '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/
| '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! Stop
! voiceless
| '''п''' /p/  
| '''п''' /p/  
| '''т''' /t̪/  
| '''т''' /t̪/  
Line 47: Line 46:
| '''кь''' /kʲ/
| '''кь''' /kʲ/
|-
|-
! voiced
! Fricative
| '''мп''' /b/
| '''нт''' /d̪/
| '''нть''' /d̪ʲ/
|
| '''ӈк''' /g/
| '''ӈкь''' /gʲ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| '''с''' /s/  
| '''с''' /s/  
Line 63: Line 54:
| '''хь''' /xʲ/
| '''хь''' /xʲ/
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
! Approximant
| '''л''' /l/
| '''л''' /l/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/

Revision as of 00:23, 27 February 2025

Ossmalic



Ossmalic
мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
Pronounced: [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
Spoken: Ossmal
Writing system: Sealbone Script
Genealogy: Language isolate
Typology
Morphological type:  ???
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative-absolutive
Basic word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Malcolm G. Holborne


28 consonants:

Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
hard soft hard soft
Nasal м /m/ н /n̪/ нь /n̪ʲ/ ӈ /ŋ/ ӈь /ŋʲ/
Stop п /p/ т /t̪/ ть /t̪ʲ/ к /k/ кь /kʲ/
Fricative в /ʋ/ с /s/ сь /sʲ/ і /j/ х /x/ хь /xʲ/
Approximant л /l/ ль /lʲ/
Monophthongs
Type Front Central Back
Close и /i/ э /ə~ɨ/ у /u/
Mid е /e/ о /o/
Open а /a/
Diphthongs
Type Front Back
Mid Falling іе /i̯e/ во /u̯o/
Open Falling іа /i̯a/ ва /u̯a/
Origin æ e ø i y ɑ ɤ o ɯ u æː øː ɑː ɤː ɯː
Result ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲĭ ʲŭ a e o ĭ ŭ ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲi ʲu a e o i u


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Tones Inferred by Consonants
Consonant High Low
Stop Plain па /pá/ ба /pà/
та /t̪á/ да /t̪à/
ка /ká/ га /kà/
Voiced мпа /bá/ мба /bà/
нта /d̪á/ нда /d̪à/
ӈка /gá/ ӈга /gà/
Fricative са /sá/
ха /xá/
Sonorant ма /mà/
на /n̪à/
ӈа /ŋà/
ла /là/

Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:

а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀


Animate:

ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]

Inanimate:

сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]


Adjective prefixes

Colours

маг- "black, dark"
ос- "white, light"
тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"