User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions

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! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="3" | Alveolar
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Velar
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Velar
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|-
|-
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>central</small>
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>central</small>
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>sibilant</small>
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>lateral</small>
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>lateral</small>
|-
|-
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| m
| m
| n
| n
|
|  
|  
|
|
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| p
| p
| t
| t
| t͡s ⟨'''''c'''''⟩
| t͡ɬ ⟨'''''ć'''''⟩
| t͡ɬ ⟨'''''ć'''''⟩
| t͡ʃ ⟨'''''č'''''⟩
| t͡ʃ ⟨'''''č'''''⟩
Line 2,284: Line 2,281:
| pʼ ⟨'''''ṗ'''''⟩
| pʼ ⟨'''''ṗ'''''⟩
| tʼ ⟨'''''ṭ'''''⟩
| tʼ ⟨'''''ṭ'''''⟩
| t͡sʼ ⟨'''''c̣'''''⟩
| t͡ɬʼ ⟨'''''ć̣'''''⟩
| t͡ɬʼ ⟨'''''ć̣'''''⟩
| t͡ʃʼ ⟨'''''č̣'''''⟩
| t͡ʃʼ ⟨'''''č̣'''''⟩
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| b
| b
| d
| d
| d͡z ⟨'''''ʒ'''''⟩
| d͡ɮ ⟨'''''ʒ́'''''⟩
| d͡ɮ ⟨'''''ʒ́'''''⟩
| d͡ʒ ⟨'''''ǯ'''''⟩
| d͡ʒ ⟨'''''ǯ'''''⟩
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! colspan="2" | Fricative
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| f
| f
|
| s
| s
| ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩
| ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩
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! colspan="2" | Approximant
! colspan="2" | Approximant
| w
| w
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
| r
| r
|
| l
| l
|
|

Revision as of 20:35, 31 October 2024

Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite


𞤹𞤸𞤪


WIP Vrkhazhian Case System

Status Absolutus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -um -ūwa -im -īya -am -āya -as -āya
Vocative -u -i -a
Accusative -us -ūsa -is -īsa -as -āsa
Ergative -un -ūna -in -īna -an -āna -an -āna
Genitive -uḫ -ūwa -iḫ -īya -aḫ -āya -aḫ -āya
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli
Status Constructus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -∅ -ū -∅ -ī -∅ -ā -∅ -ā
Oblique
Genitive -u -i -a -a
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli

WIP Verb System

Summary

Vrkhazhian Verb Derivation
Prefix(es) Internal Change Function Example
— — ACTIVE
— Reduplication PLURACTIONAL
sa- — CAUSATIVE
-ā- ???
Reduplication CAUSATIVE PLURACTIONAL
ma- — APPLICATIVE
-ā- ???
Reduplication APPLICATIVE PLURACTIONAL

Active Voice

Pluractional

Applicative Voice

Benefactive

Other

Stem shapes based on stress

Verbs

Base
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRáḪ- -PRáḪ- PaRḪ-á-
Initial Weak PaRáḪ- -RáḪ- PaRḪ-á-
Middle Weak Pā́Ḫ- -Pā́Ḫ- PāḪ-á-
Final Weak PaRā́- -PRā́- PāR-á-
Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRRáḪ- -PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak PaRRáḪ- -RRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak PấḪ- -PấḪ- PaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak PaRRā́- -PaRRā́- PaRR-á-
Prefix
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong saPRáḪ- -saPRáḪ- saPRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak sāRáḪ- -sāRáḪ- sāRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak saPā́Ḫ- -sPā́Ḫ- saPāḪ-á-
Final Weak saPRā́- -saPRā́- saPR-á-
Prefix Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong saPaRRáḪ- -sPaRRáḪ- saPaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak saRRáḪ- -saRRáḪ- saRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak saPấḪ- -sPấḪ- saPaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak saPaRRā́- -sPaRRā́- saPaRR-á-

Deverbatives

Base
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRḪ-as PáRaḪ PaRáḪ- PaRḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRḪ-as PáRaḪ PaRáḪ- PaRḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak Pā́Ḫ-as Pā́Ḫ Pā́Ḫ- PāḪ-ā́-
Final Weak Pā́R-as Pā́R Pā́R- PāR-ā́-
Lengthened
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PaRā́Ḫ-as PáRāḪ PaRā́Ḫ- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PaRā́Ḫ-as PáRāḪ PaRā́Ḫ- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PấḪ-as PấḪ PấḪ- PâḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaR-ấs PáRā PaR-ấ-
Gemination
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRRaḪ-as PáRRaḪ PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRRaḪ-as PáRRaḪ PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PáḪḪ-as Pā́Ḫ PáḪḪ-a PaḪḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaRR-ấs PáRRa PaRR-ấ-

Voice

Case-Role Marking in Secundative Alignment (D=S, R=P, T=separate)
Voice Role/Marking
Nominative Accusative Instrumental
Active (Intransitive) Subject N/A N/A
Active (Monotransitive) Subject Object N/A
Active (Ditransitive) Subject Primary Object Secondary Object
Causative/Instrumental Causer Causee/Instrument Object

Morpheme Chain

Clausal Proclitics Relativizer Tense/Mood Stem Imperative Subject Negation Subject Plural
(2nd and 3rd)
Voice Root
various iC- na-, ta-, ḫa- s(i)-, m(i)- R₁(a)R₂aR₃
R₁(a)R₂uR₃
R₁(a)R₂iR₃ 		-aC- / -ā- various -si -n

Ablaut Classes

Realis Irrealis
Class 1 Transitive a a
Intransitive Dynamic u a
Stative i a
Class 2 Transitive a u
Intransitive Dynamic u u
Stative i i
Class 3 Transitive a a
Intransitive Dynamic u a
Stative i i

Ch'adic

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
central lateral
Nasal m n ŋ ⟨n̮⟩
Stop fortis p t t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ k ʡ ʔ
emphatic pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩
lenis b d d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ g
Fricative f s ɬ ⟨ś⟩ ʃ ⟨š⟩ x ⟨ḫ⟩ ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ h
Approximant w j ⟨y⟩
Liquid r l
Proto-Č̣aḥdaš nouns
Status Absolutus Status Constructus
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Feminine -u -un -u -ū
Masculine -i -in -i -ī
Neuter -ar -aran -a -ā
Inanimate -aš -ašan

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