User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parḫānam'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parriḫam'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yandas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yandānam'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannidam'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣābas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣābānam'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāsas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāsānam'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | |
Revision as of 11:41, 7 September 2024
Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite
𞤹𞤸𞤪
WIP Vrkhazhian Case System
Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
Nominative | -um | -ūwa | -im | -īya | -am | -āya | -as | -āya | |
Vocative | -u | -i | -a | ||||||
Accusative | -us | -ūsa | -is | -īsa | -as | -āsa | |||
Ergative | -un | -ūna | -in | -īna | -an | -āna | -an | -āna | |
Genitive | -uḫ | -ūwa | -iḫ | -īya | -aḫ | -āya | -aḫ | -āya | |
Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli |
Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
Nominative | -∅ | -ū | -∅ | -ī | -∅ | -ā | -∅ | -ā | |
Oblique | |||||||||
Genitive | -u | -i | -a | -a | |||||
Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli |
WIP Verb System
Strong Verbs | |||
---|---|---|---|
ḫaśras | namras | parḫas | |
"???" | "be evil" | "speak, say" | |
1sg | ḫaśurni | namirni | paraḫni |
2sg | ḫaśurma | namirma | paraḫma |
3sg | ḫaśurta | namirta | paraḫta |
1pl | ḫaśurti | namirti | paraḫti |
2pl | ḫaśurman | namirman | paraḫman |
3pl | ḫaśurtan | namirtan | paraḫtan |
I-Weak Verbs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
yaźbas | wasḫas | ˀaldas | ??? | |
"???" | "be loyal" | "fight" | "???" | |
1sg | yaźubni | wasiḫni | ˀalanni | ??? |
2sg | yaźumma | wasiḫma | ˀaladma | ??? |
3sg | yaźubta | wasiḫta | ˀalatta | ??? |
1pl | yaźubti | wasiḫti | ˀalatti | ??? |
2pl | yaźumman | wasiḫman | ˀaladman | ??? |
3pl | yaźubtan | wasiḫtan | ˀalattan | ??? |
II-Weak Verbs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
dūlas | tīlas | ṣābas | lēbas | |
"dig, reveal" | "destroy" | "kill" | "give" | |
1sg | dūlni | tīlni | ṣābni | lēbni |
2sg | dūlma | tīlma | ṣāmma | lēmma |
3sg | dūlta | tīlta | ṣābta | lēbta |
1pl | dūlti | tīlti | ṣābti | lēbti |
2pl | dūlman | tīlman | ṣāmman | lēmman |
3pl | dūltan | tīltan | ṣābtan | lēbtan |
III-Weak Verbs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
??? | rāsas | mālas | kēmas | |
"???" | "be good" | "heal" | "go up, rise" | |
1sg | ??? | rasīni | malāni | kemēni |
2sg | ??? | rasīma | malāma | kemēma |
3sg | ??? | rasīsa | malāsa | kemēsa |
1pl | ??? | rasīti | malāti | kemēti |
2pl | ??? | rasīman | malāman | kemēman |
3pl | ??? | rasīsan | malāsan | kemēsan |
Active Voice
Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
Infinitive | parḫas | |||||
Participle | parḫānam | |||||
Adjective | parriḫam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | paraḫni | napraḫni | tapraḫni | ḫapraḫni | parḫanni | — |
2.sg | paraḫma | napraḫma | tapraḫma | ḫapraḫma | parḫamma | parḫū |
3.sg | paraḫta | napraḫta | tapraḫta | ḫapraḫta | parḫatta | parḫā |
1.pl | paraḫti | napraḫti | tapraḫti | ḫapraḫti | parḫatti | — |
2.pl | paraḫman | napraḫman | tapraḫman | ḫapraḫman | parḫamman | parḫūna |
3.pl | paraḫtan | napraḫtan | tapraḫtan | ḫapraḫtan | parḫattan | parḫāna |
Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
Infinitive | yandas | |||||
Participle | yandānam | |||||
Adjective | yannidam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | yananni | nīnanni | tīnanni | ḫīnanni | yandanni | — |
2.sg | yanadma | nīnadma | tīnadma | ḫīnadma | yandamma | yandū |
3.sg | yanatta | nīnatta | tīnatta | ḫīnatta | yandatta | yandā |
1.pl | yanatti | nīnatti | tīnatti | ḫīnatti | yandatti | — |
2.pl | yanadman | nīnadman | tīnadman | ḫīnadman | yandamman | yandūna |
3.pl | yanattan | nīnattan | tīnattan | ḫīnattan | yandattan | yandāna |
Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
Infinitive | ṣābas | |||||
Participle | ṣābānam | |||||
Adjective | ṣabbam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | ṣābni | naṣābni | taṣābni | ḫaṣābni | ṣābanni | — |
2.sg | ṣāmma | naṣāmma | taṣāmma | ḫaṣāmma | ṣābamma | ṣābū |
3.sg | ṣābta | naṣābta | taṣābta | ḫaṣābta | ṣābatta | ṣābā |
1.pl | ṣābti | naṣābti | taṣābti | ḫaṣābti | ṣābatti | — |
2.pl | ṣāmman | naṣāmman | taṣāmman | ḫaṣāmman | ṣābamman | ṣābūna |
3.pl | ṣābtan | naṣābtan | taṣābtan | ḫaṣābtan | ṣābattan | ṣābāna |
Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
Infinitive | rāsas | |||||
Participle | rāsānam | |||||
Adjective | rassâm | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | rasīni | narsīni | tarsīni | ḫarsīni | rāsanni | — |
2.sg | rasīma | narsīma | tarsīma | ḫarsīma | rāsamma | rāsū |
3.sg | rasīsa | narsīsa | tarsīsa | ḫarsīsa | rāsatta | rāsā |
1.pl | rasīti | narsīti | tarsīti | ḫarsīti | rāsatti | — |
2.pl | rasīman | narsīman | tarsīman | ḫarsīman | rāsamman | rāsūna |
3.pl | rasīsan | narsīsan | tarsīsan | ḫarsīsan | rāsattan | rāsāna |
Causative Voice
Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
Infinitive | purruḫas | |||||
Participle | purruḫam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | parraḫni | naparraḫni | taparraḫni | ḫaparraḫni | parraḫanni | — |
2.sg | parraḫma | naparraḫma | taparraḫma | ḫaparraḫma | parraḫamma | parraḫū |
3.sg | parraḫta | naparraḫta | taparraḫta | ḫaparraḫta | parraḫatta | parraḫā |
1.pl | parraḫti | naparraḫti | taparraḫti | ḫaparraḫti | parraḫatti | — |
2.pl | parraḫman | naparraḫman | taparraḫman | ḫaparraḫman | parraḫamman | parraḫūna |
3.pl | parraḫtan | naparraḫtan | taparraḫtan | ḫaparraḫtan | parraḫattan | parraḫāna |
Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
Infinitive | yunnudas | |||||
Participle | yunnudam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | yannanni | ninnanni | tinnanni | ḫinnanni | yannadanni | — |
2.sg | yannadma | ninnadma | tinnadma | ḫinnadma | yannadamma | yannadū |
3.sg | yannatta | ninnatta | tinnatta | ḫinnatta | yannadatta | yannadā |
1.pl | yannatti | ninnatti | tinnatti | ḫinnatti | yannadatti | — |
2.pl | yannadman | ninnadman | tinnadman | ḫinnadman | yannadamman | yannadūna |
3.pl | yanattan | ninnattan | tinnattan | ḫinnattan | yannadattan | yannadāna |
Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
Infinitive | ṣubbas | |||||
Participle | ṣubbam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | ṣâbni | naṣâbni | taṣâbni | ḫaṣâbni | ṣabbanni | — |
2.sg | ṣâmma | naṣâmma | taṣâmma | ḫaṣâmma | ṣabbamma | ṣabbū |
3.sg | ṣâbta | naṣâbta | taṣâbta | ḫaṣâbta | ṣabbatta | ṣabbā |
1.pl | ṣâbti | naṣâbti | taṣâbti | ḫaṣâbti | ṣabbatti | — |
2.pl | ṣâmman | naṣâmman | taṣâmman | ḫaṣâmman | ṣabbamman | ṣabbūna |
3.pl | ṣâbtan | naṣâbtan | taṣâbtan | ḫaṣâbtan | ṣabbattan | ṣabbāna |
Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
Infinitive | russâs | |||||
Participle | russâm | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | rassīni | narassīni | tarassīni | ḫarassīni | rassanni | — |
2.sg | rassīma | narassīma | tarassīma | ḫarassīma | rassamma | rassû |
3.sg | rassīsa | narassīsa | tarassīsa | ḫarassīsa | rassatta | rassâ |
1.pl | rassīti | narassīti | tarassīti | ḫarassīti | rassatti | — |
2.pl | rassīman | narassīman | tarassīman | ḫarassīman | rassamman | rassûna |
3.pl | rassīsan | narassīsan | tarassīsan | ḫarassīsan | rassattan | rassâna |
Applicative Voice
Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
Infinitive | supruḫas | |||||
Participle | supruḫam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | sapraḫni | nasapraḫni | tasapraḫni | ḫasapraḫni | sapraḫanni | — |
2.sg | sapraḫma | nasapraḫma | tasapraḫma | ḫasapraḫma | sapraḫamma | sapraḫū |
3.sg | sapraḫta | nasapraḫta | tasapraḫta | ḫasapraḫta | sapraḫatta | sapraḫā |
1.pl | sapraḫti | nasapraḫti | tasapraḫti | ḫasapraḫti | sapraḫatti | — |
2.pl | sapraḫman | nasapraḫman | tasapraḫman | ḫasapraḫman | sapraḫamman | sapraḫūna |
3.pl | sapraḫtan | nasapraḫtan | tasapraḫtan | ḫasapraḫtan | sapraḫattan | sapraḫāna |
Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
Infinitive | sūnudas | |||||
Participle | sūnudam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | sīnanni | nasīnanni | tasīnanni | ḫasīnanni | sīnadanni | — |
2.sg | sīnadma | nasīnadma | tasīnadma | ḫasīnadma | sīnadamma | sīnadū |
3.sg | sīnatta | nasīnatta | tasīnatta | ḫasīnatta | sīnadatta | sīnadā |
1.pl | sīnatti | nasīnatti | tasīnatti | ḫasīnatti | sīnadatti | — |
2.pl | sīnadman | nasīnadman | tasīnadman | ḫasīnadman | sīnadamman | sīnadūna |
3.pl | sīnattan | nasīnattan | tasīnattan | ḫasīnattan | sīnadattan | sīnadāna |
Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
Infinitive | suṣūbas | |||||
Participle | suṣūbam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | saṣābni | naṣṣābni | taṣṣābni | ḫaṣṣābni | saṣābanni | — |
2.sg | saṣāmma | naṣṣāmma | taṣṣāmma | ḫaṣṣāmma | saṣābamma | saṣābū |
3.sg | saṣābta | naṣṣābta | taṣṣābta | ḫaṣṣābta | saṣābatta | saṣābā |
1.pl | saṣābti | naṣṣābti | taṣṣābti | ḫaṣṣābti | saṣābatti | — |
2.pl | saṣāmman | naṣṣāmman | taṣṣāmman | ḫaṣṣāmman | saṣābamman | saṣābūna |
3.pl | saṣābtan | naṣṣābtan | taṣṣābtan | ḫaṣṣābtan | saṣābattan | saṣābāna |
Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
Infinitive | sursâs | |||||
Participle | sursâm | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | sarsīni | nasarsīni | tasarsīni | ḫasarsīni | sarsanni | — |
2.sg | sarsīma | nasarsīma | tasarsīma | ḫasarsīma | sarsamma | sarsû |
3.sg | sarsīsa | nasarsīsa | tasarsīsa | ḫasarsīsa | sarsatta | sarsâ |
1.pl | sarsīti | nasarsīti | tasarsīti | ḫasarsīti | sarsatti | — |
2.pl | sarsīman | nasarsīman | tasarsīman | ḫasarsīman | sarsamman | sarsûna |
3.pl | sarsīsan | nasarsīsan | tasarsīsan | ḫasarsīsan | sarsattan | sarsâna |
K Applicative
Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
Infinitive | kupruḫas | |||||
Participle | kupruḫam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | kapraḫni | nakapraḫni | takapraḫni | ḫakapraḫni | kapraḫanni | — |
2.sg | kapraḫma | nakapraḫma | takapraḫma | ḫakapraḫma | kapraḫamma | kapraḫū |
3.sg | kapraḫta | nakapraḫta | takapraḫta | ḫakapraḫta | kapraḫatta | kapraḫā |
1.pl | kapraḫti | nakapraḫti | takapraḫti | ḫakapraḫti | kapraḫatti | — |
2.pl | kapraḫman | nakapraḫman | takapraḫman | ḫakapraḫman | kapraḫamman | kapraḫūna |
3.pl | kapraḫtan | nakapraḫtan | takapraḫtan | ḫakapraḫtan | kapraḫattan | kapraḫāna |
Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
Infinitive | kūnudas | |||||
Participle | kūnudam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | kīnanni | nakīnanni | takīnanni | ḫakīnanni | kīnadanni | — |
2.sg | kīnadma | nakīnadma | takīnadma | ḫakīnadma | kīnadamma | kīnadū |
3.sg | kīnatta | nakīnatta | takīnatta | ḫakīnatta | kīnadatta | kīnadā |
1.pl | kīnatti | nakīnatti | takīnatti | ḫakīnatti | kīnadatti | — |
2.pl | kīnadman | nakīnadman | takīnadman | ḫakīnadman | kīnadamman | kīnadūna |
3.pl | kīnattan | nakīnattan | takīnattan | ḫakīnattan | kīnadattan | kīnadāna |
Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
Infinitive | kuṣūbas | |||||
Participle | kuṣūbam | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | kaṣābni | nakṣābni | takṣābni | ḫakṣābni | kaṣābanni | — |
2.sg | kaṣāmma | nakṣāmma | takṣāmma | ḫakṣāmma | kaṣābamma | kaṣābū |
3.sg | kaṣābta | nakṣābta | takṣābta | ḫakṣābta | kaṣābatta | kaṣābā |
1.pl | kaṣābti | nakṣābti | takṣābti | ḫakṣābti | kaṣābatti | — |
2.pl | kaṣāmman | nakṣāmman | takṣāmman | ḫakṣāmman | kaṣābamman | kaṣābūna |
3.pl | kaṣābtan | nakṣābtan | takṣābtan | ḫakṣābtan | kaṣābattan | kaṣābāna |
Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
Infinitive | kursâs | |||||
Participle | kursâm | |||||
Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
1.sg | karsīni | nakarsīni | takarsīni | ḫakarsīni | karsanni | — |
2.sg | karsīma | nakarsīma | takarsīma | ḫakarsīma | karsamma | karsû |
3.sg | karsīsa | nakarsīsa | takarsīsa | ḫakarsīsa | karsatta | karsâ |
1.pl | karsīti | nakarsīti | takarsīti | ḫakarsīti | karsatti | — |
2.pl | karsīman | nakarsīman | takarsīman | ḫakarsīman | karsamman | karsûna |
3.pl | karsīsan | nakarsīsan | takarsīsan | ḫakarsīsan | karsattan | karsâna |
Stem shapes based on stress
Verbs
Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
---|---|---|---|
Strong | PaRáḪ- | -PRáḪ- | PaRḪ-á- |
Initial Weak | PaRáḪ- | -RáḪ- | PaRḪ-á- |
Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ- | -Pā́Ḫ- | PāḪ-á- |
Final Weak | PaRā́- | -PRā́- | PāR-á- |
Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
---|---|---|---|
Strong | PaRRáḪ- | -PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-á- |
Initial Weak | PaRRáḪ- | -RRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-á- |
Middle Weak | PấḪ- | -PấḪ- | PaḪḪ-á- |
Final Weak | PaRRā́- | -PaRRā́- | PaRR-á- |
Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
---|---|---|---|
Strong | saPRáḪ- | -saPRáḪ- | saPRaḪ-á- |
Initial Weak | sāRáḪ- | -sāRáḪ- | sāRaḪ-á- |
Middle Weak | saPā́Ḫ- | -sPā́Ḫ- | saPāḪ-á- |
Final Weak | saPRā́- | -saPRā́- | saPR-á- |
Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
---|---|---|---|
Strong | saPaRRáḪ- | -sPaRRáḪ- | saPaRRaḪ-á- |
Initial Weak | saRRáḪ- | -saRRáḪ- | saRRaḪ-á- |
Middle Weak | saPấḪ- | -sPấḪ- | saPaḪḪ-á- |
Final Weak | saPaRRā́- | -sPaRRā́- | saPaRR-á- |
Deverbatives
Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong | PáRḪ-as | PáRaḪ | PaRáḪ- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
Initial Weak | PáRḪ-as | PáRaḪ | PaRáḪ- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ-as | Pā́Ḫ | Pā́Ḫ- | PāḪ-ā́- |
Final Weak | Pā́R-as | Pā́R | Pā́R- | PāR-ā́- |
Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PáRāḪ | PaRā́Ḫ- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
Initial Weak | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PáRāḪ | PaRā́Ḫ- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
Middle Weak | PấḪ-as | PấḪ | PấḪ- | PâḪ-ā́- |
Final Weak | PaR-ấs | PáRā | PaR-ấ- |
Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong | PáRRaḪ-as | PáRRaḪ | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
Initial Weak | PáRRaḪ-as | PáRRaḪ | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
Middle Weak | PáḪḪ-as | Pā́Ḫ | PáḪḪ-a | PaḪḪ-ā́- |
Final Weak | PaRR-ấs | PáRRa | PaRR-ấ- |
Voice
Voice | Role/Marking | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Accusative | Instrumental | |
Active (Intransitive) | Subject | N/A | N/A |
Active (Monotransitive) | Subject | Object | N/A |
Active (Ditransitive) | Subject | Primary Object | Secondary Object |
Causative/Instrumental | Causer | Causee/Instrument | Object |
Morpheme Chain
Clausal Proclitics | Relativizer | Tense/Mood | Stem | Imperative | Subject | Negation | Subject Plural (2nd and 3rd) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voice | Root | |||||||
various | iC- | na-, ta-, ḫa- | s(i)-, m(i)- | R₁(a)R₂aR₃ R₁(a)R₂uR₃ R₁(a)R₂iR₃ |
-aC- / -ā- | various | -si | -n |
Ch'adic
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | sibilant | lateral | |||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨n̮⟩ | ||||||
Stop | fortis | p | t | t͡s ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ | k | ʡ | ʔ |
emphatic | pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ | tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ | t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ | kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩ | |||
lenis | b | d | d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩ | d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ | d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ | g | |||
Fricative | f | s | ɬ ⟨ś⟩ | ʃ ⟨š⟩ | x ⟨ḫ⟩ | ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ | h | ||
Approximant | w | j ⟨y⟩ | |||||||
Liquid | r | l |
Status Absolutus | Status Constructus | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Feminine | -u | -un | -u | -ū |
Masculine | -i | -in | -i | -ī |
Neuter | -ar | -aran | -a | -ā |
Inanimate | -aš | -ašan |