User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions

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Line 703: Line 703:
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāsattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāsattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāsāna''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāsāna''
|-
|}
===Pluractional===
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''P-R-Ḫ''' (speak, say)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adverb
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫū''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫā''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫūna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫāna''
|-
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''Y-N-D''' (catch)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Noun
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adverb
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ninnanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tinnanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫinnanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ninnadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tinnadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫinnadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadū''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ninnatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tinnatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫinnatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadā''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ninnatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tinnatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫinnatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ninnadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tinnadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫinnadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadūna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yanattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ninnattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tinnattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫinnattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadāna''
|-
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''Ṣ-ˀ-B''' (kill)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Noun
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adverb
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣâbni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naṣâbni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taṣâbni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣâbni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣâmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naṣâmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taṣâmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣâmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbū''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣâbta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naṣâbta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taṣâbta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣâbta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbā''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣâbti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naṣâbti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taṣâbti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣâbti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣâmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naṣâmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taṣâmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣâmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbūna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣâbtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naṣâbtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taṣâbtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣâbtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbāna''
|-
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''R-S-Y''' (be good, be moral)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Noun
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adverb
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Adjective
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''???''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''narassīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tarassīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarassīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''narassīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tarassīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarassīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassû''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''narassīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tarassīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarassīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassâ''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''narassīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tarassīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarassīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāssatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''narassīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tarassīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarassīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāssamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassûna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''narassīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tarassīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarassīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rāssattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassâna''
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:29, 25 August 2024

Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite


𞤹𞤸𞤪


WIP Vrkhazhian Case System

Status Absolutus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -um -ūwa -im -īya -am -āya -as -āya
Vocative -u -i -a
Accusative -us -ūsa -is -īsa -as -āsa
Ergative -un -ūna -in -īna -an -āna -an -āna
Genitive -uḫ -ūwa -iḫ -īya -aḫ -āya -aḫ -āya
Locative -ūti -īti -āti -āti
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli
Status Constructus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -∅ -ū -∅ -ī -∅ -ā -∅ -ā
Oblique
Genitive -u -i -a -a
Locative -ūti -īti -āti -āti
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli

WIP Verb System

Active Voice

Pluractional

Causative Voice

Applicative Voice

Attributive

a-class
P-R-R-Ḫ (interrogate)
Conjugation
Noun ???
Adjective ???
Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Jussive
1.sg parraḫni naparraḫni taparraḫni yaparraḫni parraḫanni
2.sg parraḫma naparraḫma taparraḫma yaparraḫma parraḫamma
3.sg parraḫta naparraḫta taparraḫta yaparraḫta parraḫatta
1.pl parraḫti naparraḫti taparraḫti yaparraḫti parraḫatti
2.pl parraḫman naparraḫman taparraḫman yaparraḫman parraḫamman
3.pl parraḫtan naparraḫtan taparraḫtan yaparraḫtan parraḫattan

Verbs

Base
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRáḪ- -PRáḪ- PaRḪ-á-
Initial Weak PaRáḪ- -RáḪ- PaRḪ-á-
Middle Weak Pā́Ḫ- -Pā́Ḫ- PāḪ-á-
Final Weak PaRā́- -PRā́- PāR-á-
Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRRáḪ- -PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak PaRRáḪ- -RRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak PấḪ- -PấḪ- PaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak PaRRā́- -PaRRā́- PaRR-á-

Deverbatives

Base
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRḪ-as PáRaḪ PaRáḪ- PaRḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRḪ-as PáRaḪ PaRáḪ- PaRḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak Pā́Ḫ-as Pā́Ḫ Pā́Ḫ- PāḪ-ā́-
Final Weak Pā́R-as Pā́R Pā́R- PāR-ā́-
Lengthened
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PaRā́Ḫ-as PáRāḪ PaRā́Ḫ- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PaRā́Ḫ-as PáRāḪ PaRā́Ḫ- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PấḪ-as PấḪ PấḪ- PâḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaR-ấs PáRā PaR-ấ-
Gemination
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRRaḪ-as PáRRaḪ PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRRaḪ-as PáRRaḪ PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PáḪḪ-as Pā́Ḫ PáḪḪ-a PaḪḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaRR-ấs PáRRa PaRR-ấ-

Voice

Case-Role Marking in Secundative Alignment (D=S, R=P, T=separate)
Voice Role/Marking
Nominative Accusative Instrumental
Active (Intransitive) Subject N/A N/A
Active (Monotransitive) Subject Object N/A
Active (Ditransitive) Subject Primary Object Secondary Object
Causative/Instrumental Causer Causee/Instrument Object

Morpheme Chain

Verbal morpheme chain (if relativizer is a prefix):

Clausal Proclitics Relativizer Tense/Mood Stem Imperative Subject Negation Subject Plural
(2nd and 3rd)
Voice Root
various iC- na-, ta-, ḫa- s(i)-, ???- R₁(a)R₂aR₃
R₁(a)R₂uR₃
R₁(a)R₂iR₃ 		-aC- / -ā- various -si -n

Verbal morpheme chain (if relativizer is a stem):

Clausal Proclitics Tense/Mood Stem Imperative Subject Negation Subject Plural
(2nd and 3rd)
Voice Root
various na-, ta-, ḫa- s(i)-, ???- Predicative R₁(a)R₂aR₃
R₁(a)R₂uR₃
R₁(a)R₂iR₃ 		-aC- / -ā- various -si -n
Relative R₁aR₂R₂aR₃
R₁aR₂R₂uR₃
R₁aR₂C₂iR₃

Verbal morpheme chain (if person prefixes):

Clausal Proclitics Relativizer Subject Stem Subject Plural
(2nd and 3rd)
Voice Root
various iC- various s(i)-, ???- Nonfuture R₁R₂aR₃
R₁R₂uR₃
R₁R₂iR₃ 		-ā
Future R₁aR₂R₂aR₃
R₁aR₂R₂uR₃
R₁aR₂C₂iR₃

Ch'adic

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
central sibilant lateral
Nasal m n ŋ ⟨n̮⟩
Stop fortis p t t͡s ⟨c⟩ t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ k ʡ ʔ
emphatic pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩
lenis b d d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩ d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ g
Fricative f s ɬ ⟨ś⟩ ʃ ⟨š⟩ x ⟨ḫ⟩ ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ h
Approximant w j ⟨y⟩
Liquid r l
Proto-Č̣aḥdaš nouns
Status Absolutus Status Constructus
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Feminine -u -un -u -ū
Masculine -i -in -i -ī
Neuter -ar -aran -a -ā
Inanimate -aš -ašan

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