|
|
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| <font size = 4>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Pronunciation table==
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1100px;"
| |
| ! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <center>p</center>
| |
| ! b
| |
| ! f
| |
| ! v
| |
| ! m̃
| |
| ! m
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! t
| |
| ! d
| |
| ! þ
| |
| ! ð
| |
| ! ɫ
| |
| ! l
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! ṡ
| |
| ! ż
| |
| ! s
| |
| ! z
| |
| ! r
| |
| ! n
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! k
| |
| ! g
| |
| ! x
| |
| ! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
| |
| ! h
| |
| ! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! š
| |
| ! s̨
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! i
| |
| ! e
| |
| ! a
| |
| ! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
| |
| ! o
| |
| ! u
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! ĭ
| |
| ! ĕ
| |
| ! ŭ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <center>प</center>
| |
| ! ब
| |
| ! फ
| |
| ! भ
| |
| ! म़
| |
| ! म
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! त
| |
| ! द
| |
| ! थ
| |
| ! ध
| |
| ! ल़
| |
| ! ल
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! च
| |
| ! ज
| |
| ! स
| |
| ! स़
| |
| ! र
| |
| ! न
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! क
| |
| ! ग
| |
| ! क़
| |
| ! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
| |
| ! ह
| |
| ! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! स्व
| |
| ! स्य
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! इ ई<br>पि पी
| |
| ! ए एै<br>पे पै
| |
| ! अ आ<br>प पा
| |
| ! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
| |
| ! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
| |
| ! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ! पं
| |
| ! पऺ
| |
| ! पॅ
| |
| |-
| |
| | /p/
| |
| | /b/
| |
| | /ɸ/
| |
| | /β/
| |
| | /m̥/
| |
| | /m/
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| | /t/
| |
| | /d/
| |
| | /θ/
| |
| | /ð/
| |
| | /l̥/
| |
| | /l/
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| | /ʦ/
| |
| | /ʣ/
| |
| | /s/
| |
| | /z/
| |
| | /ɾ̥/
| |
| | /n/
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| | /k/
| |
| | /g/
| |
| | /ç/
| |
| | /ʝ/
| |
| | /j̊/
| |
| | /j/
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| | /sʷ/
| |
| | /sʲ/
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| | /i/
| |
| | /e/
| |
| | /ä/
| |
| | /ɒ/
| |
| | /o/
| |
| | /u/
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| | /ɪ/
| |
| | /ɛ/
| |
| | /ʊ/
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==Glossing abbreviations==
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
| |
| |1s/p = 1st person singular/plural
| |
| |ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
| |
| |COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
| |
| |F = feminine
| |
| |INT = intensive prefix
| |
| |PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
| |
| |SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
| |
| |ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
| |
| |DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
| |
| |FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
| |
| |LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
| |
| |PST = past
| |
| |TRZ = transitivizer
| |
| |-
| |
| |3 = 3rd person
| |
| |ADV = adverb
| |
| |DIM = diminutive
| |
| |FUT = future
| |
| |LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
| |
| |REV = [[Wikipedia:Opposite (semantics)|reversive]]
| |
| |VOC = vocative particle
| |
| |-
| |
| |A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
| |
| |AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
| |
| |ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
| |
| |IMP = imperative
| |
| |M = masculine
| |
| |Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
| |
| |YNG = young
| |
| |-
| |
| |G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
| |
| |AP = agent (active) participle
| |
| |ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
| |
| |INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
| |
| |OCC = occupation suffix
| |
| |QUOT = direct quotation
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
| |
| |AUG = augmentative
| |
| |EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
| |
| |IND = indicative
| |
| |PP = patient (past) participle
| |
| |RPR = recent perfective
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
| |
| |CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
| |
| |EQU = equative degree
| |
| |INS = instrument
| |
| |PRF = perfect
| |
| |SBJ = subjunctive
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==Sentences==
| |
| '''103.''' Listen.
| |
| *
| |
| *'''a̋a̋m̃e:''' '''aam̃e̋ȝa:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !a̋a̋m̃-e||aam̃-e̋ȝa
| |
| |-
| |
| |listern-IMP||listen-SBJ
| |
| |}
| |
| •The subjunctive is used as a polite command.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''104.''' Sit here by me.
| |
| *
| |
| *'''íðu mús kóma se̋de:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !íðu||m-ús||kóma||se̋d-e
| |
| |-
| |
| |here||1s-G||by||sit-IMP
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''105.''' Keep this secret until tomorrow.
| |
| *
| |
| *'''ṡűm̃a̋' sííra som gutı̋d̨e:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !ṡűm̃-a̋-'||sííra||s-om||gut-ı̋d̨-e
| |
| |-
| |
| |tomorrow-G.s-ELIS||until||this-A.s||keep.secret-TRZ-IMP
| |
| |}
| |
| •The idea of 'secret' is in the verb.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''106.''' Come with us.
| |
| *
| |
| *'''m̃un sűne:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !m̃-un||sűn-e
| |
| |-
| |
| |1p-A||accompany-IMP
| |
| |}
| |
| •An example of the Senjecan preference for t.v. + direct obj., rather than i.v. + prep. phrase.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''107a.''' Bring your friends with you (sg.).
| |
| *
| |
| *'''tum súna tu-vı̋lu' ne̋xe:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !t-um||súna||tu=vı̋l-u-'||ne̋x-e
| |
| |-
| |
| |2s-A||with||your=friend-A.p-ELIS||bring
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''107b.''' Bring your friends with you (pl.).
| |
| *
| |
| *'''ȝun súna ȝu-vı̋lu' ne̋xe:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !ȝ-un||súna||ȝu=vı̋l-u-'||ne̋x-e
| |
| |-
| |
| |2p-A||with||your=friend-A.p-ELIS||bring
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''108.''' Be careful.
| |
| *
| |
| *'''ze̋e̋me:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !ze̋e̋m-e
| |
| |-
| |
| |warn-IMP
| |
| |}
| |
| •This imperative is taken from "ze̋e̋ma", 1. t.v. warn, caution, forewarn, admonish. 2. i.v. warn, forewarn, admonish.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''109.''' Have some tea.
| |
| *
| |
| *'''depős pőőȝe:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !dep-ős||pőőȝ-e
| |
| |-
| |
| tisane-G.s||drink-IMP
| |
| |}
| |
| •'Camellia sinensis' was not known in Sefdaania. I've used the generic word for a tisane.
| |
|
| |
| •"depős" is the partitive genitive.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| '''110.''' Pip and his dog were great friends.
| |
| *
| |
| *'''pı̋puk̬' eȝu-na̋a̋ȝek̬e va̋du vı̋lus e-vűűa:'''
| |
| :{|
| |
| !pı̋p-u-k̬-'||eȝu=na̋a̋ȝ-e=k̬e||va̋du-Ø||vı̋l-us||e=vűű-a
| |
| |-
| |
| |Pip-N.s=and-ELIS||his=dog-N.s=and||good-ABS||friend-N.p||PST=be-IND
| |
| |}
| |
| •"me̋żi", adj. large, big, great - is used only for size or quantity.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| [[Senjecas - Shannon Test Sentences 111-120]]
| |