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Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Tones | |+ Tones Inferred by Obstruents | ||
! | ! | ||
! style="width: 4em;" | High | ! style="width: 4em;" | High | ||
| Line 111: | Line 113: | ||
! style="width: 4em;" | Low | ! style="width: 4em;" | Low | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Voiceless Stops | ||
| '''па''' /pá/ | | '''па''' /pá/ | ||
| '''ба''' /pà/ | | '''ба''' /pà/ | ||
| Line 119: | Line 121: | ||
| '''га''' /kà/ | | '''га''' /kà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Aspirated | ! Aspirated Stops | ||
| '''пха''' /pʰá/ | | '''пха''' /pʰá/ | ||
| '''бха''' /pʰà/ | | '''бха''' /pʰà/ | ||
| Line 127: | Line 129: | ||
| '''гха''' /kʰà/ | | '''гха''' /kʰà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced Stops | ||
| '''мпа''' /bá/ | | '''мпа''' /bá/ | ||
| '''мба''' /bà/ | | '''мба''' /bà/ | ||
| Line 134: | Line 136: | ||
| '''ӈка''' /gá/ | | '''ӈка''' /gá/ | ||
| '''ӈга''' /gà/ | | '''ӈга''' /gà/ | ||
|- | |||
! Fricatives | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''са''' /sá/ | |||
| '''за''' /sà/ | |||
| '''ха''' /xá/ | |||
| '''ҕа''' /xà/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:43, 15 February 2024
Ossmalic
| Ossmalic Оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | ||||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
| aspirated | пх /pʰ/ | тх /t̪ʰ/ | тхь /t̪ʲʰ/ | кх /kʰ/ | кхь /kʲʰ/ | ||
| voiced | мп /b/ | нт /d̪/ | нть /d̪ʲ/ | ӈк /g/ | ӈкь /gʲ/ | ||
| Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ | |
| Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | |||||
| Type | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | э /ə~ɨ/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ | |
| Open | а /a/ | ||
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless Stops | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ | та /tá/ | да /tà/ | ка /ká/ | га /kà/ |
| Aspirated Stops | пха /pʰá/ | бха /pʰà/ | тха /tʰá/ | дха /tʰà/ | кха /kʰá/ | гха /kʰà/ |
| Voiced Stops | мпа /bá/ | мба /bà/ | нта /dá/ | нда /dà/ | ӈка /gá/ | ӈга /gà/ |
| Fricatives | са /sá/ | за /sà/ | ха /xá/ | ҕа /xà/ |
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Mid Falling | іе /i̯e/ | во /u̯o/ |
| Open Falling | іа /i̯a/ | ва /u̯a/ |
Animate:
- ма́дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма́ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьол "lake" [sg], сьоль "lakes" [pl]
- дуд "house" [sg], дудь "houses" [pl]
- мэӈ "language" [sg], мэӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
