Kipin/Syntax/Noun phrases: Difference between revisions

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Line 145: Line 145:
''surfo kije''
''surfo kije''
{|
{|
|surfo |kije
|surfo ||kije
|-
|-
|cowardly |leiutenant
|cowardly ||leiutenant
|}
|}
Cowardly leiutenant
Cowardly leiutenant
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''firsurfo sarkeseaer''
''firsurfo sarkeseaer''
{|
{|
|fir|surfo |sar|kesea|er
|fir||surfo ||sar||kesea||er
|-
|-
|ir|surfo| |sar|kije|ir
|ir||surfo ||sar||kije||ir
|-
|-
|H.P|cowardly |H.Acc.P|leiutenant|H.P
|H.P||cowardly ||H.Acc.P||leiutenant||H.P
|}
|}
cowardly leiutenants
cowardly leiutenants
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''sixel wexen''
''sixel wexen''
{|
{|
|si|xel |wexen
|si||xel ||wexen
|-
|-
|A.S| pert |puffin
||A.S||pert ||puffin
|}
|}
Pert puffin
Pert puffin
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pexel wasseampa
pexel wasseampa
{|
{|
|pe|xel |wasseam|pa
|pe||xel ||wasseam||pa
|-
|-
|pa|xel |wexen|pa
|pa||xel ||wexen||pa
|-
|-
|A.P|pert |puffin|A.P
|A.P||pert ||puffin||A.P
|}
|}
Pert puffins.
Pert puffins.
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''yealdor kipin''
''yealdor kipin''
{|
{|
|ye|aldor |kipin|
|ye||aldor ||kipin
|-
|-
|yi|aldor |kipin|
|yi||aldor ||kipin
|-
|-
|3I|loud |voice
|3I||loud ||voice
|}
|}


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yenkoaldor kekonkolanhe
yenkoaldor kekonkolanhe
{|
{|
|yenko|aldor |kekon|kolan|ye
|yenko||aldor ||kekon||kolan||ye
|-
|-
|yimpi|aldor |kipin|kolan|yi
|yimpi||aldor ||kipin||kolan||yi
|3IP|loud |voice|3IP|erg
|-
|3IP||loud ||voice||3IP||erg
|}
|}
Loud voices
Loud voices

Revision as of 09:10, 12 March 2023

Kipin Noun Phrases

Kipin Noun Phrases

Posession

Possession is head marked in Kipin. The possessum is marked for the person, number, and in third person, gender of the possessor

gotusso

gotu sso
gato sa
cat 1

My cat.

When the possessor is denoted by an explicit noun phrase, this follows the possessor.

ijeiwi gurfin

ije iwi gurfin
ije yu gurfin
hen 3H widow

The widow's hen

The possessor always appears in the unmarked case (nominative for Human and Animal nouns, absolutive for Inanimate nouns).

myijeiwi gurfin lutwifogurgnu

my ije iwi gurfin lu twifo gur gnu
gnu ije yu gurfin lu ce gur gnu A.Acc hen 3H widow 1 see RECENT 3A

I saw the widow's hen.

Adjectives

Attributive adjective precede the noun the qualify. They agree for gender and number but not case.

surfo kije

surfo kije
cowardly leiutenant

Cowardly leiutenant

firsurfo sarkeseaer

fir surfo sar kesea er
ir sar kije ir
H.P cowardly H.Acc.P leiutenant H.P

cowardly leiutenants

sixel wexen

si xel wexen
A.S pert puffin

Pert puffin

pexel wasseampa

pe xel wasseam pa
pa xel wexen pa
A.P pert puffin A.P

Pert puffins.

yealdor kipin

ye aldor kipin
yi aldor kipin
3I loud voice

Loud voice

yenkoaldor kekonkolanhe

yenko aldor kekon kolan ye
yimpi aldor kipin kolan yi 3IP loud voice 3IP erg

Loud voices

Where multiple adjectives qualify the same noun, they are ordered with the ones representing the newest information first.

Relative clauses

Relative clauses precede the noun qualified and are formed by a gapping strategy. The relativised argument is the grammatical subject of the relative clause, and is omitted in the relative clause.

sicinhiximi mjilhen renardo

3A||flatter||DP||3A ||A.Acc||cock|| fox
si cinhi xi mi mj ilhen renardo
si cinhi xi gnu gnu ilhen renardo

The fox who flattered the cock.

The noun thus qualified appears in the case proper to its role in the matrix clause.

erralseegno sicinhiximi mjilhen gnorennardo

er ral see gno si cinhi xi mi mj ilhen gno renardo
ir ral xi gnu si cinhi xi ngu ngu ilhen gnu renardo
3PH chase DP 3A 3A flatter DP 3A A.Acc cock A.Acc fox

They chased the fox who flattered the cock.

Note that in this example, the matrix clause conveys new information about the noun qualified by the relative clause, which is therefore defocussed. This is typical behaviour in sentences containing relative clauses, but will not necessarily be the case in all circumstances.

As adjectives are primarily verbal in nature, attributive adjectives may be regarded as a form of simple relative clause.

Adjectives

Attributive adjective precede the noun the qualify. They agree for gender and number but not case.

surfo kije

surfo kije
cowardly leiutenant

Cowardly leiutenant

firsurfo sarkeseaer

fir surfo sar kesea er
ir surfo sar kije ir
H.P cowardly H.Acc.P leiutenant H.P

cowardly leiutenants

sixel wexen

si xel wexen
A.S pert puffin

Pert puffin

pexel wasseampa

pe xel wasseam pa
pa xel wexen pa
A.P pert puffin A.P

Pert puffins.

yealdor kipin

ye aldor kipin
yi aldor kipin
3I loud voice

Loud voice

yenkoaldor kekonkolanhe

yenko aldor kekon kolan ye
yimpi aldor kipin kolan yi
3IP loud voice 3IP erg

Loud voices

Where multiple adjectives qualify the same noun, they are ordered with the ones representing the newest information first.

Relative clauses

Relative clauses precede the noun qualified and are formed by a gapping strategy. The relativised argument is the grammatical subject of the relative clause, and is omitted in the relative clause.

sicinhiximi mjilhen renardo

si|cinhi|xi|mi |mj|ilhen |renardo si|cinhi|xi|gnu |gnu|ilhen |renardo 3A|flatter|DP|3A |A.Acc|cock| fox

The fox who flattered the cock.

The noun thus qualified appears in the case proper to its role in the matrix clause.

erralseegno sicinhiximi mjilhen gnorennardo

er|ral|see|gno |si|cinhi|xi|mi |mj|ilhen |gno|renardo ir|ral|xi|gnu |si|cinhi|xi|ngu |ngu|ilhen |gnu|renardo 3PH|chase|DP|3A | 3A|flatter|DP|3A |A.Acc|cock |A.Acc|fox

They chased the fox who flattered the cock.

Note that in this example, the matrix clause conveys new information about the noun qualified by the relative clause, which is therefore defocussed. This is typical behaviour in sentences containing relative clauses, but will not necessarily be the case in all circumstances.

As adjectives are primarily verbal in nature, attributive adjectives may be regarded as a form of simple relative clause.

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