User:Bukkia/sandboxII: Difference between revisions

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* '''Pı̇ħ''': ʔ ŋ ħ ɬ ɸ ɴ ɛ ı ɔ ȧ ạ ɛ̇ ɛ̣ ė ẹ ı̇ ı̣ ɔ̇ ɔ̣ ȯ ọ u̇ ụ
* '''Pı̇ħ''': ʔ ŋ ħ ɬ ɸ ɴ ɛ ı ɔ ȧ ạ ɛ̇ ɛ̣ ė ẹ ı̇ ı̣ ɔ̇ ɔ̣ ȯ ọ u̇ ụ
* '''Pı̀''':  ç š č ʎ ɕ ñ ɛ ı ɔ ə ɪ ɑ æ ø ʊ ā a̱ ā̀ à̱ à ā́ á̱ á ā̏ ȁ̱ a̱̋ ā̂ â̱ â ā̌ ǎ̱ ǎ ā̃ ã̱
* '''Pı̀''':  ç š č ʎ ɕ ñ ɛ ı ɔ ə ɪ ɑ æ ø ʊ ā a̱ á ā́ a̱̋ á̱ ā̀ ā̏ ȁ̱ à ā̂ ā̃ â ǎ ā̌ ã̱ ǎ̱
----
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* '''Dʰakʰi''': ʡ ṅ ʰ ə ː
* '''Dʰakʰi''': ʡ ṅ ʰ ə ː

Revision as of 04:48, 4 February 2023

Piti language family:

  • *Proto-Piti
    • Kī́rtako†
      • Iðâɣ
      • Lændixu
    • ancient Figo†
      • modern Figo
    • Biwdiw†
      • Gəjlnigo
      • Cärähə
      • Viwdiwgu
    • Jeʂtəra†

Special letters

  • Proto-Piti: ʔ ŋ ɬ ṕ ḱ t́ ɳ ʂ ʈ χ ʰ æ ː
  • Kī́rtako: ʔ š ñ ɣ ā́ ḗ ī́ ṓ ū́ ā̀ ḕ ī̀ ṑ ū̀ ɑ
  • Iðâɣ: š ð ɣ ɸ β ç č ə à á â ǎ è é ê ě ì í î ǐ ò ó ô ǒ ù ú û ǔ
  • Lændixu: ñ ʎ θ ɸ č ž š ç æ ɛ ‘
  • ancient Figo: ɕ č š θ ň ə ɛ ā ē ī ō ū
  • modern Figo: š ž č ǧ ç ň ř θ ɣ ə ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ə̃
  • Biwdiw: ʈ ʂ š ž č ç ǰ ň ʎ ɛ ā ē ī ō ū
  • Gəjlnigo: ṕ ḱ t́ b́ ǵ d́ ć ḿ ń ŕ ĺ ś ź v́ h́ č ǧ ǰ š ž ň ʎ ə ɔ
  • Cärähə: ṕ ḱ t́ b́ ǵ d́ ć ḿ ń ŕ ś h́ x́ ǰ ç ɟ ɕ ī ə ä ü ő ö
  • Viwdiwgu: č ǧ š ž ň ɣ ç ʝ ṡ ɛ ä ü ő ö ə ā ī ō ū
  • Jeʂtəra: ʔ ṕ ḱ t́ ʂ ʈ ð ɳ ə ā ē ī ō ū

  • Βaβar: β ɸ ð ɣ ç ɟ š ž ɴ ʂ ʐ ʈ ɖ kxʼ tsʼ ʈʂʼ tɬʼ ā ī ū ə

  • Memniq: ʔ ħ ť ț ç š ž ŕ ś ć ä ö ë

  • Æbbro: š ž ś ź æ

  • Pı̇ħ: ʔ ŋ ħ ɬ ɸ ɴ ɛ ı ɔ ȧ ạ ɛ̇ ɛ̣ ė ẹ ı̇ ı̣ ɔ̇ ɔ̣ ȯ ọ u̇ ụ
  • Pı̀: ç š č ʎ ɕ ñ ɛ ı ɔ ə ɪ ɑ æ ø ʊ ā a̱ á ā́ a̱̋ á̱ ā̀ ā̏ ȁ̱ à ā̂ ā̃ â ǎ ā̌ ã̱ ǎ̱

  • Dʰakʰi: ʡ ṅ ʰ ə ː
  • Ðaxi: š ž č ǧ ç ň ř ʎ ɫ ɕ ʑ θ ð ɣ ɸ β ṙ ṅ ġ ɛ ɔ ä ü ö ɑ
  • Thahi: ʔ θ β ṅ à á á̱ â â̱ è é é̱ ê ê̱ ì í í̱ î î̱ ò ó ó̱ ô ô̱ ù ú ú̱ û û̱ ä ä́ ä̱́ ö ö́ ö̱́
  • Ṙaçi: ʔ ɬ ň š ž č ǧ ɕ ç ʝ ṙ ḣ ṅ ġ ḃ ʈ ɖ ɳ ɽ ɽ̇ ɭ ʂ ʐ ɟ ä ö ü ə

  • Proto-Alri: ʡ ṗ k̇ ṫ ʈ ʂ ɽ ʰ ə
  • Nämty: ʔ ħ β ň š č ɕ ç ɟ ʎ ä ë ö ü ɑ

Numbers

Numbers from 1 to 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100
1000
Piti languages
Proto-Piti *ʂaːʔo *ʔaki *mikoː *ŋoːɬe *ṕaːŋe *tʰuːɬa *χaʂæ *ḱuʔe *ʈoːju *pʰeːʔo *ɳaːt́u *ɬiʔaː
Kī́rtako šā́ʔo ʔaki mikṓ gṓwe pā́ge thū́wa hašɑ kuʔe tsṓju phḗʔo ñā́tu wiʔā́
Iðâɣ šâ áɣi miɣò áša çê náðu ěn
Lændixu šæf æx‘ mixow gowbɛ pæžɛ uba haša kuj coju few ñæθu vjæ
ancient Figo ɕōw ogi migō nōh čōn θūha hoɕe šu cōju fēw ňōšu liā
modern Figo šwov ug miɣwo nwoh šwõ fwa hoše fu čwi fjev ňwož řa
Biwdiw ʂāhu hɛgiw miwgō gōli šāgi tūlɛ xɛšɛ čuhi ʈōǰu pēhu ňācju wiwhā
Gəjlnigo šaw egəj məjgo gɔĺ haǵ tɔj heže čuj cɔǧo pejo ňacco iva
Cärähə xahə hähü mügo gori sehi türä xäsä cuhi ɕoçə pehə naćə wüha
Viwdiwgu ṡāhu hɛɣiw miwgō gōli šāɣi tūlɛ xɛžɛ čuhi tsōǧu pihu ňācju viwhā
Jeʂtəra ʂāʔo ʔakiə miəkō gōle ṕāge ðūla haʂə ḱəwʔe ʈōjəw fēʔo ɳāt́əw liəʔā
Βaβar languages
Βaβar īɴ gaɸ zgū dāk atsʼ trikxʼ rməq dākr īɴɸə ɸək žaβ kx‘ruç
Memniqiju languages
Memniq țeʔu iʔyq emqi anäŕ fänu yťŕä iħśü ʔeći atjö poʔi uncu ëțnyt
Rebti languages
Æbbro aargo bunaa leeso zante gærne ddiino woolu miizo hæærtu laare źoohdi bbekko
Pı̇ħ languages
Pı̇ħ *xȯħ *mɛ̣s *caw *ŋuɸ *pın *tɛjħ *qȧt *mạn *sju̇n *ɬajn *kjıp -
Pı̀ xṑ mɛ̱s guf pı́ tə̀ hāt má̱ šű̱ bæ̱̃ çı̱́p ěn
Axi languages
Dʰakʰi *-eːku *-ysaː *-oːṅi *-imeː *-aːto *-oːre *-aːdʰi *-uːkʰa *-exoː *-ykoː *-eːriː -
Đaxi -ekö -ysä -oṅi -ime -ätɔ -orɛ -äði -uxa -ɛřo -yko -erü βjuha
Thahi -ègu -ösà -òji -imè -àdo -òre -àthi -ùha -eṅò -ögò -èrì é̱n
Ṙaçi -yku -əze -üṅi -imy -eto -ürö -eṙi -əwça -öqü -əkü -yrəj -üha
Alri languages
Proto-Alri *ṫjes- *moʈ- *pʰijn- *sjajr- *ʂewṗ- *kakʰ- *njuʂ- *towʡ- *pəjt- *lujm- *ʂowk̇- *k̇ajʂ-
Nämty česi moɕi βyni šäri ʂöpi gahi ňuʂi duħi bydi lümi ʂuki käʂi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100
1000
New family
New p-language *1 *2 *3 *4 *5 *6 *7 *8 *9 *10 *100 *1000
New language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 1000

Vocabulary

Kinship terms
father
mother
brother
sister
Piti languages
Proto-Piti *papu *mamu *tatu *lelu
Kī́rtako papu mamu tatu lelu
Iðâɣ paβu mamu taðu le
Lændixu paɸul‘ mamul‘ taθul‘ lɛlul‘
ancient Figo pobu momu todu lelu
modern Figo obušur momur todur rerur
Biwdiw bɛbju mɛmju dɛdju liʎu
Gəjlnigo bevvo memmo deddo liho
Cärähə bäb́ə mäḿə däd́ə riŕə
Viwdiwgu vɛvju mɛmju dɛdju liʝu
Jeʂtəra papəw maməw tatəw leləw
Βaβar languages
Βaβar βūβ ɖīrɖ īmʈʂʼ gūβ
Memniqiju languages
Memniq tape anna atta rare
Rebti languages
Æbbro llærme nasnaa śærge ddeernæ
Pı̇ħ languages
Pı̇ħ *ta *ma *qe *te
Pı̀ ta ma he te
Axi languages
Dʰakʰi *kimaː *rimaː *kabʰa *rabʰa
Đaxi kimä rimä kaβa raβa
Thahi gimà rimà gapha rapha
Ṙaçi kime rime kava rava
Alri languages
Proto-Alri *rome *lele *pute *ʈere
Nämty rome lele bude ɕere
father
mother
brother
sister
New family
New p-language *1 *2 *3 *4
New language 1 2 3 4

Morphology

Nouns

Singular

Animate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *sopali sopali subɛliw
passive *sopa sopa subɛ
ablative *sopaʂu sopašu subɛšu
genitive *sopara sopara subɛrɛ
terminative *sopaχæ sopaɣɑ subɛxjɛ
causative *sopakʰu sopakhu subɛku
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *sopali sobali sopaliə
passive *sopa soba sopa
ablative *sopaʂu sobaɕu -
genitive *sopara - sopara
terminative *sopaχæ sobahe sopaxə
causative *sopakʰu sobaxu sopaxəw
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -

Inanimate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋo sṓgo sōgu
ablative *soːŋoʂu sṓgošu sōgušu
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋoχæ sṓgoɣɑ sōguxjɛ
causative *soːŋokʰu sṓgokhu sōguku
instrumental *soːŋokʰæ sṓgokhɑ sōgukjɛ
abessive *soːŋoŋil sṓgogil -
locative *soːŋoʈar sṓgotsar -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋo sōnu sōgo
ablative *soːŋoʂu sōnoɕu -
genitive *- - sōgora*
terminative *soːŋoχæ sōnohe sōgoxə
causative *soːŋokʰu sōnoxu sōgoxəw
instrumental *soːŋokʰæ sōnoxe -
abessive *soːŋoŋil - sōgogiəl
locative *soːŋoʈar sōnocar -


Plural

Animate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *sopanoli sopanoli subɛnuliw
passive *sopano sopano subɛnu
ablative *sopanoʂu sopanošu subɛnušu
genitive *sopanora sopanora subɛnurɛ
terminative *sopanoχæ sopanoɣɑ subɛnuxjɛ
causative *sopanokʰu sopanokhu subɛnuku
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *sopalino sobalinu sopaliəno
passive *sopano sobanu sopano
ablative *sopaʂuno sobaɕunu -
genitive *soparano - soparano
terminative *sopaχæno sobahenu sopaxəno
causative *sopakʰuno sobaxunu sopaxəwno
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -

Inanimate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋono sṓgono sōgunu
ablative *soːŋonoʂu sṓgonošu sōgunušu
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋonoχæ sṓgonoɣɑ sōgunuxjɛ
causative *soːŋonokʰu sṓgonokhu sōgunuku
instrumental *soːŋonokʰæ sṓgonokhɑ sōgunukjɛ
abessive *soːŋonoŋil sṓgonogil -
locative *soːŋonoʈar sṓgonotsar -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋono sōnonu sōgono
ablative *soːŋoʂuno sōnoɕunu -
genitive *- - sōgorano*
terminative *soːŋoχæno sōnohenu sōgoxəno
causative *soːŋokʰuno sōnoxunu sōgoxəwno
instrumental *soːŋokʰæno sōnoxenu -
abessive *soːŋoŋilno - sōgogiəlno
locative *soːŋoʈarno sōnocarnu -

Dual

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *sopaʔili - subɛhiwliw
passive *sopaʔi - subɛhiw
ablative *sopaʔiʂu - subɛhiwšu
genitive *sopaʔira - subɛhiwrɛ
terminative *sopaʔiχæ - subɛhiwxjɛ
causative *sopaʔikʰu - subɛhiwku
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *sopaliʔi sobalī -
passive *sopaʔi sobaj -
ablative *sopaʂuʔi sobaɕuj -
genitive *soparaʔi - -
terminative *sopaχæʔi sobahej -
causative *sopakʰuʔi sobaxuj -
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -

Inanimate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋoʔi - sōguhiw
ablative *soːŋoʔiʂu - sōguhiwšu
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋoʔiχæ - sōguhiwxjɛ
causative *soːŋoʔikʰu - sōguhiwku
instrumental *soːŋoʔikʰæ - sōguhiwkjɛ
abessive *soːŋoʔiŋil - -
locative *soːŋoʔiʈar - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋoʔi sōnoj -
ablative *soːŋoʂuʔi sōnoɕuj -
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋoχæʔi sōnohej -
causative *soːŋokʰuʔi sōnoxuj -
instrumental *soːŋokʰæʔi sōnoxej -
abessive *soːŋoŋilʔi - -
locative *soːŋoʈarʔi sōnocari -

Kī́rtako languages

Animate noun:

Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu
Singular
agentive sopali - - direct soɸal‘
passive sopa direct soβe vocative soɸa
ablative sopašu - - - -
genitive sopara genitive soβere - -
terminative sopaɣɑ - - oblique soɸaha
causative sopakhu - - - -
instrumental - instrumental - - -
abessive - - - - -
locative - locative - - -
Plural
agentive sopanoli - - direct soɸanol‘
passive sopano direct soβenə vocative soɸanu
ablative sopanošu - - - -
genitive sopanora genitive soβenore - -
terminative sopanoɣɑ - - oblique soɸanoha
causative sopanokhu - - - -
instrumental - instrumental - - -
abessive - - - - -
locative - locative - - -

Inanimate noun:

Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu
Singular
agentive - - - direct sowgul‘*
passive sṓgo direct soɣə vocative sowgu
ablative sṓgošu - - - -
genitive - genitive soɣəre* - -
terminative sṓgoɣɑ - - oblique sowguha
causative sṓgokhu - - - -
instrumental sṓgokhɑ instrumental soɣəxə - -
abessive sṓgogil - - - -
locative sṓgotsar locative soɣəsah - -
Plural
agentive - - - direct sowgunol‘*
passive sṓgono direct soɣənə vocative sowgunu
ablative sṓgonošu - - - -
genitive - genitive soɣənore* - -
terminative sṓgonoɣɑ - - oblique sowgunoha
causative sṓgonokhu - - - -
instrumental sṓgonokhɑ instrumental soɣənoxə - -
abessive sṓgonogil - - - -
locative sṓgonotsar locative soɣənosah - -

Figo languages

Animate noun:

ancient Figo Modern Figo
Singular
agentive sobali nominative sobar
passive soba accusative soba
genitive sobaɕu oblique sobaš
dative sobahe - -
causative sobaxu - -
instrumental - - -
locative - - -
Plural
agentive sobalinu nominative sobarĩ
passive sobanu accusative sobã
genitive sobaɕunu oblique sobašũ
dative sobahenu - -
causative sobaxuno - -
instrumental - - -
locative - - -

Inanimate noun:

ancient Figo Modern Figo
Singular
agentive - nominative swõnur*
passive sōnu accusative swõ
genitive sōnoɕu oblique swõnuš
dative sōnohe - -
causative sōnoxu - -
instrumental sōnoxe - -
locative sōnocar - -
Plural
agentive - nominative swõnurĩ*
passive sōnonu accusative swõnũ
genitive sōnoɕunu oblique swõnušũ
dative sōnohenu - -
causative sōnoxunu - -
instrumental sōnoxenu - -
locative sōnocarnu - -

Biwdiw languages

Animate noun:

Biwdiw Gəjlnigo Cärähə Viwdiwgu
Singular
agentive subɛliw - - - - - -
passive subɛ direct huve basic subä direct suvɛ
ablative subɛšu - - - - - -
genitive subɛrɛ oblique huvere - - genitive suvɛrɛ
dative subɛxjɛ - - - - dative suvɛxjɛ
causative subɛku - - - - - -
instrumental - - - - - - -
Dual
agentive subɛhiwliw - - - - - -
passive subɛhiw direct - basic - direct suvɛhiw
ablative subɛhiwšu - - - - - -
genitive subɛhiwrɛ oblique - - - genitive suvɛhiwrɛ
dative subɛhiwxjɛ - - - - dative suvɛhiwxjɛ
causative subɛhiwku - - - - - -
instrumental - - - - - - -
Plural
agentive subɛnuliw - - - - - -
passive subɛnu direct huveno basic subänə direct suvö
ablative subɛnušu - - - - - -
genitive subɛnurɛ oblique huvenure - - genitive suvörɛ
dative subɛnuxjɛ - - - - dative suvöxjɛ
causative subɛnuku - - - - - -
instrumental - - - - - - -

Inanimate noun:

Biwdiw Gəjlnigo Cärähə Viwdiwgu
Singular
agentive - - - - - - -
passive sōgu direct hɔgo basic sohə direct sōgu
ablative sōgušu - - - - - -
genitive - oblique hɔgore* - - genitive sōgure*
dative sōguxjɛ - - - - dative sōguxje
causative sōguku - - - - - -
instrumental sōgukjɛ - - - - - -
Dual
agentive - - - - - - -
passive sōguhiw direct - basic - direct sōguhiw
ablative sōguhiwšu - - - - - -
genitive - oblique - - - genitive sōguhiwre*
dative sōguhiwxjɛ - - - - dative sōguhiwxje
causative sōguhiwku - - - - - -
instrumental sōguhiwkjɛ - - - - - -
Plural
agentive - - - - - - -
passive sōgunu direct hɔgono basic sohənə direct sōgū
ablative sōgunušu - - - - - -
genitive - oblique hɔgonure* - - genitive sōgūre*
dative sōgunuxjɛ - - - - dative sōgūxje
causative sōgunuku - - - - - -
instrumental sōgunukjɛ - - - - - -

Verbs

Development

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
1s *liːloṕoł lī́lopow līlušū
2s *liːloṕer lī́loper līlušir
3s *liːloṕæt́ lī́lopɑt līlušɛc
3s *liːloṕ lī́lop līluš
1d *liːloṕiʔoł - līlušiwhū
2d *liːloṕiʔer - līlušiwhir
3d *liːloṕiʔæt́ - līlušiwcɛc
3d *liːloṕiʔ - līlušiwh
1p *liːloṕonoł lī́loponow līlušunū
2p *liːloṕoner lī́loponer līlušunir
3p *liːloṕonæt́ lī́loponɑt līlušunjɛc
3p *liːloṕon lī́lopon līlušun
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
1s *liːloṕoł līločow līloṕol
2s *liːloṕer līločər līloṕer
3s *liːloṕæt́ līločeš līloṕət́
3s *liːloṕ līloč līloṕ
1d *liːloṕołiʔ līločohi -
2d *liːloṕeriʔ līločəri -
3d *liːloṕæt́iʔ līločeši -
3d *liːloṕiʔ līloči -
1p *liːloṕołon līločohon līloṕolon
2p *liːloṕeron līločəron līloṕeron
3p *liːloṕæt́on līločešon līloṕət́on
3p *liːloṕon līločon līloṕon

Kī́rtako languages

Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu
1s lī́lopow lîβò ʎiloɸof
2s lī́loper lîβəh -
3s lī́lopɑt - ʎiloɸæh
3s lī́lop lîp -
1p lī́loponow lîβonò ʎiloɸonof
2p lī́loponer lîβonəh -
3p lī́loponɑt - ʎiloɸonæh
3p lī́lopon lîβon -

Figo languages

ancient Figo modern Figo
archaic forms
modern Figo
modern forms
1s līločow řirošov* řirušjid wẽv
2s līločər řirošr* řirušjid wẽr
3s līločeš řirošeh* řirušjid wẽh
3s līloč - -
1d līločohi - -
2d līločəri - -
3d līločeši - -
3d līloči - -
1p līločohon řirošõ* řirušjidũ wẽnõ
2p līločəron řirošrõ* řirušjidũ wẽrõ
3p līločešon řirošežõ* řirušjidũ wẽžõ
3p līločon - -

Biwdiw languages

Biwdiw Gəjlnigo Cärähə Viwdiwgu
1s līlušū ləjužɔ rīrusü līlužū
2s līlušir ləjužih rīrusir līlužir
3s līlušɛc - rīruśäh līlužɛc
3s līluš ləjuš rīrus* līluš*
1d līlušiwhū - - līlužiwhū
2d līlušiwhir - - līlužiwhir
3d līlušiwcɛc - - līlužiwcɛc
3d līlušiwh - - līlužiwh*
1p līlušunū ləjužunɔ rīrusunü līlužü
2p līlušunir ləjužunih rīrusunir līlužür
3p līlušunjɛc - rīrusuńäh līlužünjɛc
3p līlušun ləjužun rīrusun* līlužün*