Garonnian/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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=== Vulgar Latin to Proto-Gallo-Sicilian === | === Vulgar Latin to Proto-Gallo-Sicilian === | ||
* Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): ''speculum'' → {{IPA|/isˈpɛkʲu/}} → {{IPA|/isˈpjɔdʒu/}} → ''pesçoģ'' {{IPA|/pisˈtʃɔdʒ/}} "mirror" | * Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): ''speculum'' → {{IPA|/isˈpɛkʲu/}} → {{IPA|/isˈpjɔdʒu/}} → ''pesçoģ'' {{IPA|/pisˈtʃɔdʒ/}} "mirror" | ||
* Early lenition: {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} merge to {{IPA|/β/}} in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to {{IPA|/w/}} instead (Latin ''parabolō'' → {{IPA|/paˈrawlu/}} → Garonnian ''parol'' {{IPA|/paˈrɔl/}} "I speak"). Note them will deleted before {{IPA|/j/}}. | |||
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/l/}} following a consonant to {{IPA|/j/}} (note cluster {{IPA|/kl/}} → {{IPA|/kʲ}} → {{IPA|/tʃ/}} → {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin ''oculus'' → Garonnian ''ueģ'' "eye"). | * Palatalization of {{IPA|/l/}} following a consonant to {{IPA|/j/}} (note cluster {{IPA|/kl/}} → {{IPA|/kʲ}} → {{IPA|/tʃ/}} → {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin ''oculus'' → Garonnian ''ueģ'' "eye"). | ||
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/k(ɛ,i,j)/}}, {{IPA|/ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/}} to {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}, respectively. The following original {{IPA|/j/}} sounds (resulted from {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} and {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} preceding vowels) are deleted. | * Palatalization of {{IPA|/k(ɛ,i,j)/}}, {{IPA|/ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/}} to {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}, respectively. The following original {{IPA|/j/}} sounds (resulted from {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} and {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} preceding vowels) are deleted. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
* Chain shift involving lenitions occured when the Proto-Gallo-Sicilians migrate to Padania, occuring intervocalically, word-finally, or before liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): | * Chain shift involving lenitions occured when the Proto-Gallo-Sicilians migrate to Padania, occuring intervocalically, word-finally, or before liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): | ||
{| class="2" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Shift 1 | |||
! rowspan="8" | → | |||
! Shift 2 | |||
! rowspan="8" | → | |||
! Shift 3 | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|/k/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/ɣ/}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|/p/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/b/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/β/}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|/t/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/d/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/ð/}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|/f/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/v/}} | |||
| N/A | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|/s/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/z/}} | |||
| N/A | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|/ts/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/dz/}} | |||
| N/A | |||
|- | |||
| {{IPA|/tʃ/}} | |||
| {{IPA|/dʒ/}} | |||
| N/A | |||
|} |
Revision as of 01:52, 25 January 2022
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | ||||||
Plosive | /p/ | /b/ | /t/ | /d/ | /k/ | /ɡ/ | ||||
Affricate | /ts/ | /dz/ | /tʃ/ | /dʒ/ | ||||||
Fricative | /f/ | /v/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /ʒ/ | /h/ | |||
Trill | /r/ | |||||||||
Approximants | /l/ | /ʎ/ |
Unlike many Gallo-Romance languages (French technically lacked this), Garonnian lacks final obstruent devoicing. Unusually among Romance languages, Garonnian exhibits initial consonant mutations and contain somewhat unusual phoneme /ŋ/ which can occur in any positions.
Orthography
Spelling | Pronunciation value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Major | Examples | Minor | Examples | ||
b | /b/ | bull | |||
c | Before a, o, u | /k/ | cur | ||
Before e, i | /tʃ/ | ciul |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | ||
Mid | /ɛ/ | /ɛː/ | /ɔ/ | /ɔː/ | ||
Open | /a/ | /aː/ |
In unstressed positions, only the vowels /a, i, u/ are allowed. Vowel length are phonemicized as a result of losses of certain consonants (these are, */β, ð, ɣ/), but also as a result of simplification of certain vowel hiatuses (teir */ti.ˈir/ → /ˈtiːr/ "to hold", aad /ˈaːd/ "(s)he had").
Consonant structure
The maximal consonant structure in Garonnian is C¹C²S¹VS²C¹C².
Stress
Like French, Garonnian words are always stressed in the last syllable. However, words containing vowel hiatuses are stressed in the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable (bua /ˈbu.a/ "good (fem. sg.)"). As previously I, Willett said, only /a, i, u/ are allowed in unstressed syllables.
Phonological changes
Vulgar Latin to Proto-Gallo-Sicilian
- Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids (/l/ or /r/): speculum → /isˈpɛkʲu/ → /isˈpjɔdʒu/ → pesçoģ /pisˈtʃɔdʒ/ "mirror"
- Early lenition: /b/ and /v/ merge to /β/ in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to /w/ instead (Latin parabolō → /paˈrawlu/ → Garonnian parol /paˈrɔl/ "I speak"). Note them will deleted before /j/.
- Palatalization of /l/ following a consonant to /j/ (note cluster /kl/ → /kʲ → /tʃ/ → /dʒ/, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin oculus → Garonnian ueģ "eye").
- Palatalization of /k(ɛ,i,j)/, /ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/ to /tʃ/ and /j/, respectively. The following original /j/ sounds (resulted from /e(ː)/ and /i(ː)/ preceding vowels) are deleted.
- Notice also additional palatalizations that only occur before /j/: /lʲ/ → /ʎ/, /nʲ/ → /ɲ/, /sʲ/ → /ʃ/, and /tʲ/ → /ts/. Others were still denoted by plain palatalization: /mʲ/, /pʲ/, and /rʲ/. Note that original /bʲ/ in early Proto-Gallo-Sicilian times transformed into /j/: habeō → ai "I have".
- Vowel shifts: ten vowels in Classical Latin are reduced to only five vowels in Proto-Gallo-Sicilian:
Classical Latin | a | aː | e | eː | i | iː | o | oː | u | uː |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proto-Gallo-Sicilian | a | ɛ | i | ɔ | u |
- Chain shift involving lenitions occured when the Proto-Gallo-Sicilians migrate to Padania, occuring intervocalically, word-finally, or before liquids (/l/ or /r/):
Shift 1 | → | Shift 2 | → | Shift 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
/k/ | /ɡ/ | /ɣ/ | ||
/p/ | /b/ | /β/ | ||
/t/ | /d/ | /ð/ | ||
/f/ | /v/ | N/A | ||
/s/ | /z/ | N/A | ||
/ts/ | /dz/ | N/A | ||
/tʃ/ | /dʒ/ | N/A |