Gyatalin

Gyatalin Gjatálin
Spoken in:	Gjatá
Timeline/Universe:	(unnamed)
Total speakers:	436,391,390
Genealogical classification:	(unnamed)  Shalian   Andirpal    Gyatalin
Basic word order:	SVO
Morphological type:	Inflecting
Morphosyntactic alignment:	Nominative-Accusative
Created by:
maailmaniag	2006

The language of the Gyatalin people (Eng: Gyatalin, Nat: Gjatálin) is a language spoken on the planet of Meishuko, in an alternate universe. It is spoken by approximately 436,391,390 people, and is the most widely spoken of the Shalian languages found on the planet.

The language itself superficially (and sometimes even semantically) resembles some of the Slavic languages (particularly Polish), partly due to the fact that it was, indeed, the Polish who exposed the Gyatalin people to the Latin alphabet and several semantic ideas.

Phonology/Orthography

Consonants

Consonants
	Bilabial		Labiod.		Dental		Alveolar		Retroflex		Post-alv.		Palatal		Velar		Glottal
Nasal		m						n
Plosive	p	b			t	d									k	g
Ejective	p'				t'										k'
Fricative			f	w			s	z	š	ž	ś	ź			ch		h
Affricate									tš	dž	tś	dź
Approximants		ẃ												j
Lateral Approximant								l

Digraphs

bj bl bn bw bẃ
dj dl dw dẃ
džl džw džẃ
dźj dźw dźẃ
fj fl fẃ
gd gj gl gw gẃ
hl hm hn hẃ
kj kl kn ks kš kś kw kẃ
k’j k’l k’n k’s k’š k’ś k’w k’ẃ
lj lẃ
mj mẃ
nj nẃ
pf pj pl ps pw pẃ
p’f p’j p’l p’s p’w p’ẃ
sf sk sk’ sl sm sn sp sp’ st st’ sw sẃ
šf šk šk’ šl šm šn šp šp’ št št’ šw šẃ
śj św śẃ
tj tl ts tw tẃ
t’y t’l t’s t’w t’ẃ
tšl tšw tšẃ
tśj tśw tśẃ
w wj wl wẃ
chj chw chẃ
zd zg zj zm zn zẃ
žd žg žj žm žn žẃ
źj źw źẃ

Vowels

Vowels
	Front		Central		Back
Close	i	ü				u
Lax Close			y
Close-Mid					ë	o
Open-Mid	e	ö
Near-Open	ä
Open	a

Diphthongs

There are six diphthongs in Gyatalin, and no more:

aj, ej, ij, oj, uj, yj /ai Ei ij oi uj yj/

Vowel Length

There are a total of 2 vowel lengths in Gyatalin: long and short. The short vowels are marked as previous, and the long vowels are marked as follows:

Vowels
	Front		Central		Back
Close	í	ù				ú
Lax Close			ý
Close-Mid					è	ó
Open-Mid	é	ò
Near-Open	à
Open	á

Long diphthongs are formed in exactly the same way: áj éj íj ój új ýj

The Cases

Gyatalin makes use of six grammatical cases: the nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, locative, and vocative. Each case is marked, normally in with a different ending for each case.

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Among other things that decline into each of the six cases, the personal pronouns do.

Personal Pronouns
	Nominative		Accusative		Dative		Genitive		Locative		Vocative
1 singular	yś		mý		mny		mne		ym		moj
2 singular	tü		dý		tè		ty		dá		doj
3 singular m.	žoj		žë		žu		ža		žü		žu
3 singular f.	žaj		žy		žä		ži		žö		žy
3 singular n.	žej		žej		žu		že		žy		žo
1 plural inclusive	il		il		ẃim		wi		jeg		il
1 plural exclusive	yl		mü		il		mü		mil		myl
2 plural	jätś		wjej		wjo		wjo		joź		joj
3 plural anim.	fën		dau		dë		dë		dwò		dwo
3 plural inanim.	fè		dá		dèn		dè		dwò		dwó

Verbal Morphology

Like many Indo-European languages, verbs decline by person and number. However, Gyatalin verbs do not decline by tense; they decline somewhat by Wikipedia:grammatical aspect, but the conjugations of the verbs don't match up exactly in meaning. The closest natural language aspect is the Wikipedia:telicity found in Finnish or Estonian.

For the sake of neatness, already existing grammatical aspects are used to name Gyatalin aspects. However, a brief description of what the actual Gyatalin aspect is will follow the heading.

Before actually viewing the verbal morphology of Gyatalin, it is important to look at the structure of the verb infinitive (which ALWAYS ends in -t'j).

There are two classes of verbs, so aptly named Class 1 and Class 2. Class 1 verbs have either: a, y, o, u, ë, or a consonant before the typical t'j ending. Verbs in Class 2 have either: e, i, y, ü, ä, or ö before the t'j ending. It is impossible to tell whether a particular -yt'j verb is from Class 1 or Class 2.

To discover the stem of the verb, simply remove the vowel and the t'j ending. In the case of the consonant+t'j endings, only remove the t'j.

Perfective Aspect

This is the simplest of the aspects. In Gyatalin, this aspect implies that the action being referred to has been completed.

Progressive Aspect

The progressive aspect implies that the verb is happening, but has not been completed. This aspect also carries the meaning of the intention of completing the action. (for example, with the verb "to go there", in the progressive aspect, English would represent the meaning as "to be on one's way there, and having an intention of reaching the final destination")

Imperfective Aspect

The imperfective aspect implies almost the opposite ot the perfective aspect. The verb is happening, and has not yet been completed, but the subject has no intention of finishing the said action.

Prospective Aspect

The prospective aspect implies to the listener that the action has not yet been started; however, the speaker has intentions of finishing the action.