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Pronunciation table

पेमु॓को peműko (labial)								रीसु॓कॊ riisűko (dental)								मुइतु॓को muitűko (alveolar)								भइनु॓को vainűko (palatal)							च्युस्वे॓नोस् ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								नि॓थो च्युस्वे॓नोस् nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			t̬	t̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			त्व	त्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै पे पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			तं	तऺ	तॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/tʷ/	/tʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

• 1. þóósa थौ॔स - against
• He was fighting with his brother.
• (éȝu) éȝu-ża̋mum þóósa e-ṡa̋ta:

éȝ-u	éȝu=ża̋m-um	þóósa	e=ṡa̋t-a
he-N.s	his=brother-A.s	against	PST=fight-IND

• 2. súna सु॔न - in the company of
• He came with his friends.
• (éȝu) éȝu-vı̋lon súna e-ǧe̋ma:

éȝ-u	éȝu=vı̋l-on	súna	e=ǧe̋m-a
he-N.s	his=friend-A.p	with	PST=come-IND

• 3. éta ए॔त - in addition to; as an accessory to
• The cowboy bought the horse (along) with the saddle.
• ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:

ȝun-ta̋ð-l-u	xir-ős	éta	mőr-em	e=sa̋-a:
cow-herd-AG-N.s	saddle-G.s	with	horse-A.s	PST=buy-IND

• 4. ríza रि॔स़ - in support of
• We are with you in this task.
• m̃us i-daarős éna tús ríza e̋sa:

m̃-us	i=daar-ős	éna	t-ús	ríza	e̋s-a
1p.N	this=task-G.s	in	2s-G	with	be-IND

• 5. xéma क़ो॔म - by means or agency of
• Cut that with a knife.
• siimlős xéma nom sı̋ı̋me:

siim-l-ős	xéma	n-om	sı̋ı̋m-e
cut-INS-G.s	with	that-A.s	cut-IMP

• 6. šéða स्वे॔ध - Having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.
• My uncle is the man with the beard.
• mu-gűsu bisarős šéða m̃ı̋ı̋ru e̋sa:

mu=gűs-u	bisar-ős	šéða	m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	e̋s-a
my=uncle-N.s	beard-G.s	with	man-N.s	be-IND

• 7. éȝa ए॔त – in the charge or keeping of
• I will leave this letter with the guard.
• mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom u-te̋m̃a:

m-u	dis-l-űs	éȝa	i=mı̋þ-om	u=te̋m̃-a
1s-N	guard-AG-G.s	with	this=letter-A.s	FUT=leave-IND

• 8. n̨áxa न्यक़ – in spite of
• With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.
• mőre eȝe-m̃alta̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣom da̋bu e-fe̋e̋a:

mőr-e	eȝe=m̃alt-a̋s	n̨áxa	m̃e̋ƣ-om	da̋b-u	e=fe̋e̋-a
horse-N.s	its=strength-G.s	with	wagon-A.s	pull-SUP	PST=be.unable-IND

• 9. méta मे॔त – at the same time as
• Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.
• m̃ús ṡum̃aaȝa̋' suule̋s méta e̋e̋ge:

m̃-ús	ṡum̃.aaȝ-a̋-'	suul-e̋s	méta	e̋e̋g-e
1p-N	tomorrow.morning-G.s-ELIS	sun-G.s	with	arise-IMP

• 10. ha ह – as a result or a consequence of
• The women trembled with fear when they saw the bear.
• ǧe̋nus naaa̋s ha e-ðe̋la—méti ve̋rem e-na̋ka:

ǧe̋n-us	naa-a̋s	ha	e=ðe̋l-a	méti	ve̋r-em	e=na̋k-a
woman-N.p	fear-G.s	with	PST=tremble-IND	when	bear-A.s	PST=see-IND

• 11. túȝa तु॔य – in relation to
• The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
• ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:

ne̋sk-u	sŭ~sűpo-Ø	din-ős	túȝa	sa̋a̋-a-þ-u	ɪ̋l-u	e=ke̋l-a
girl-N.s	ELT~last-ABS	prize-G.s	with	satisfy-IND-PP-N.s	become-SUP	PST=had.to-IND

• 12. móóda मौ॔द – in a manner characterized by
• Serve the Lord with gladness.
• raaðta̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃um nı̋ı̋xe:

raaðt-a̋s	móóda	ȝa̋hm̃-um	nı̋ı̋x-e
gladness-G.s	with	Lord-A.s	serve-IMP

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