Senjecas - break: Difference between revisions

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==Pronunciation table==
==Pronunciation table==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1000px;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
! colspan="6" | <center>peműko<br>(labial)</center>
! colspan="6" | <center>पेमु॓को<br>peműko<br>(labial)</center>
|
|
|
|
! colspan="6" | riisűko<br>(dental)
! colspan="6" | रीसु॓कॊ<br>riisűko<br>(dental)
|
|
|
|
! colspan="6" | muitűko<br>(alveolar)
! colspan="6" | मुइतु॓को<br>muitűko<br>(alveolar)
|
|
|
|
! colspan="6-" | vainűko<br>(palatal)
! colspan="6-" | भइनु॓को<br>vainűko<br>(palatal)
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
! colspan="6" | ṡ̨uuše̋nos<br>(vowels)
! colspan="6" | च्युस्वे॓नोस् <br>ṡ̨uuše̋nos<br>(vowels with प)
|
|
|
|
! colspan="3" | nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
!colspan="3" | नि॓थो  च्युस्वे॓नोस्  <br>nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos''' <br>(weak vowels)
|-
|-
!<center>p</center>
! <center>p</center>
!b
! b
!f
! f
!v
! v
!m̃
! m̃
!m
! m
|
|
|
|
!t
! t
!d
! d
!þ
! þ
!ð
! ð
!ɫ
! ɫ
!l
! l
|
|
|
|
!ṡ
! ṡ
!ż
! ż
!s
! s
!z
! z
!r
! r
!n
! n
|
|
|
|
!k
! k
!g
! g
!x
! x
![[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
!h
! h
![[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
|
|
!š
! t̬
!s̨
! t̨
|
|
|
|
!i
! i
!e
! e
!a
! a
![[Wikipedia:Open O|ɔ]]
! ɔ
!o
! o
!u
! u
|
|
|
|
!ĭ
! ĭ
!ĕ
! ĕ
!ŭ
! ŭ
|-
|-
|/p/
| <center>प</center>
|/b/
| ब
|/ɸ/
| फ
|/β/
| भ
|/m̥/
| म़
|/m/
| म
!
!
!
!
|/t/
| त
|/d/
| द
|/θ/
| थ
|/ð/
| ध
|/l̥/
| ल़
|/l/
| ल
!
!
!
!
|/ʦ/
| च
|/ʣ/
| ज
|/s/
| स
|/z/
| स़
|/ɾ̥/
| र
|/n/
| न
!
!
!
!
|/k/
| क
|/g/
| ग
|/ç/
| क़
|/ʝ/
| ग़
|/j̊/
| ह
|/j/
| य
!
!
!
!
|/sʷ/
| त्व
|/sʲ/
| त्य
!
!
!
!
|/i/
| इ ई<br><br>पि पी
|/e/
| ए एै<br><br>पे पै
|/ä/
| अ आ<br><br>प पा
|/ɒ/
| ऒ ॵ<br><br>पॊ पॏ
|/o/
| ओ औ<br><br>पो पौ
|/u/
| उ ऊ<br><br>पु पू
!
!
!
!
|/ɪ/
| तं
|/ɛ/
| तऺ
|/ʊ/
| तॅ
|-
| /p/
| /b/
| /ɸ/
| /β/
| /m̥/
| /m/
!
!
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /tʷ/
| /tʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}


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|ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
|ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
|COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
|COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|TRZ = transitivizer
|-
|-
|2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
|3 = 3rd person
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ADV = adverb
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
|LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
|PST = past
|PST = past
|TRZ = transitivizer
|VOC = vocative particle
|-
|-
|3 = 3rd person
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|ADV = adverb
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|DIM = diminutive
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
|LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
|REV = [[Wikipedia:Opposite (semantics)|reversive]]
|VOC = vocative particle
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|M = masculine
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|
|
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|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|IMP = imperative
|OCC = occupation suffix
|M = masculine
|QUOT = direct quotation
|QUOT = direct quotation
|
|
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|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IND = indicative
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PP = patient (past) participle
|OCC = occupation suffix
|RPR = recent perfective
|RPR = recent perfective
|
|
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|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INS = instrument
|IND = indicative
|PRF = perfect
|PP = patient (past) participle
|SBJ = subjunctive
|SBJ = subjunctive
|
|
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==Transitive==
==Transitive==
*'''1.''' '''le̋ma''' - separate into two or more pieces
*'''1.''' '''le̋ma''' ले॓म - separate into two or more pieces
*She broke the cup.
*She broke the cup.
*'''éȝu gı̋ndom e-le̋ma:'''
*'''éȝu gı̋ndom e-le̋ma:'''
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*'''2.''' '''le̋ma''' - crack or fracture under a physical strain
*'''2.''' '''le̋ma''' ले॓म - crack or fracture under a physical strain
*The boy slipped on the ice and broke (his) leg.
*The boy slipped on the ice and broke (his) leg.
*'''hűsu ȝe̋gom éna e-pı̋za da la̋kom e-le̋ma:'''
*'''hűsu ȝe̋gom éna e-pı̋za da la̋kom e-le̋ma:'''
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*'''3.''' '''pűla''' - divide something into smaller units
*'''3.''' '''pűla''' पु॓ल - divide something into smaller units
*The merchant broke the bundle into smaller parcels.
*The merchant broke the bundle into smaller parcels.
*'''k̬a̋pu pĭpı̋no de̋e̋gon éna műűtom e-pűla:'''
*'''k̬a̋pu pĭpı̋no de̋e̋gon éna műűtom e-pűla:'''
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*'''4.''' '''dusre̋e̋da''' - crush the spirit
*'''4.''' '''dusre̋e̋da''' दुस्रै॓द - crush the spirit
*This method of torture will surely break the prisoner.
*This method of torture will surely break the prisoner.
*'''gunős i-mőődo kísu kőlaþum u-dusre̋e̋da:'''
*'''gunős i-mőődo kísu kőlaþum u-dusre̋e̋da:'''
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*'''5.''' '''dőma''' - cause to lose the will
*'''5.''' '''dőma''' दो॓म - cause to lose the will
*You have to break a horse before you can ride.
*You have to break a horse before you can ride.
*'''tu mőrem dőmu ke̋la—fési mı̋mu ma̋ƣa:'''
*'''tu mőrem dőmu ke̋la—fési mı̋mu ma̋ƣa:'''
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*'''6.''' '''ðe̋ża''' - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate  
*'''6.''' '''ðe̋ża''' धे॓ज - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate  
*The explosion broke the silence.
*The explosion broke the silence.
*'''na̋bo sa̋a̋mom e-ðe̋ża:'''
*'''na̋bo sa̋a̋mom e-ðe̋ża:'''
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*'''7.''' '''lı̋ða''' - violate, not adhere to
*'''7.''' '''lı̋ða''' लि॓ध - violate, not adhere to
*He broke his promise to her.
*He broke his promise to her.
*'''ur-éȝu ii-eȝús o eȝu-k̬e̋tom e-lı̋ða:'''
*'''ur-éȝu ii-eȝús o eȝu-k̬e̋tom e-lı̋ða:'''
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*'''8.''' '''m̃ine̋uda''' - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
*'''8.''' '''m̃ine̋uda''' म़िने॓उद  - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
*Did you break the churn?  
*Did you break the churn?  
*'''tu k̨őőrlom m̃ine̋uda me:'''
*'''tu k̨őőrlom m̃ine̋uda me:'''
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!t-u||k̨őőr-l-om||m̃i=ne̋ud-a||me
!t-u||k̨őőr-l-om||m̃i=ne̋ud-a||me
|-
|-
|2s-N||churn-INS-A.s||REV=utilize-IND||Q
|2s-N||churn-INS-A.s||CONV=utilize-IND||Q
|}
|}




*'''9.''' '''pa̋xa''' - interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object not hit something else beneath
*'''9.''' '''pa̋xa''' पक़ - interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object not hit something else beneath
*He survived the jump out the window because the bushes below broke his fall.
*He survived the jump out the window because the bushes below broke his fall.
*'''éȝu tűngom úúda ı̋tom e-t̬ı̋ɫa—hi ne̋ri dűűsis eȝu-főőlom e-pa̋xa:'''
*'''éȝu tűngom úúda ı̋tom e-t̬ı̋ɫa—hi ne̋ri dűűsis eȝu-főőlom e-pa̋xa:'''
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==Intransitive==
==Intransitive==
*'''10.''' '''őna''' - be overwhelmed with sorrow or grief
*'''10.''' '''őna''' औ॓न - be overwhelmed with sorrow or grief
*My heart is breaking.
*My heart is breaking.
*'''mu-sűðo őna:'''
*'''mu-sűðo őna:'''
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*'''11.''' '''de̋usa''' - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
*'''11.''' '''de̋usa''' दे॓उस - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
*His fever broke at dawn.
*His fever broke at dawn.
*'''eȝu-ðe̋ɫo vaiƣa̋s e-de̋usa:'''
*'''eȝu-ðe̋ɫo vaiƣa̋s e-de̋usa:'''
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*'''12.''' '''vı̋ra''' - collapse into surf
*'''12.''' '''vı̋ra''' भि॓र - collapse into surf
*I see waves breaking on the shore.
*I see waves breaking on the shore.
*'''mu k̨űdom éna vı̋ranto da̋lo' na̋ka:'''
*'''mu k̨űdom éna vı̋ranto da̋lo' na̋ka:'''
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*'''13.''' '''þűka''' - end of a storm or spell of weather
*'''13.''' '''þűka''' थु॓क - end of a storm or spell of weather
*I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
*I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
*'''mu—tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þűku—ı̋ṡa:'''
*'''mu—tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þűku—ı̋ṡa:'''
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*14. '''żűka''' - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily
*14. '''żűka''' जुक - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily
*Let's (take a) break, then start again.
*Let's (take a) break, then start again.
*'''m̃ús żűke. pósu náánu tőde:'''
*'''m̃ús żűke. pósu náánu tőde:'''

Revision as of 17:41, 21 August 2021

Pronunciation table

पेमु॓को
peműko
(labial)
 रीसु॓कॊ
riisűko
(dental) 		मुइतु॓को
muitűko
(alveolar) 		भइनु॓को
vainűko
(palatal) 		च्युस्वे॓नोस्
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प) 		नि॓थो च्युस्वे॓नोस्
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
 b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ t̬ t̨ i e a ɔ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
प
 ब फ भ म़ म त द थ ध ल़ ल च ज स स़ र न क ग क़ ग़ ह य त्व त्य इ ई

पि पी 		ए एै

पे पै 		अ आ

प पा 		ऒ ॵ

पॊ पॏ 		ओ औ

पो पौ 		उ ऊ

पु पू 		तं तऺ तॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /tʷ/ /tʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural ABL = ablative suffix COL = collective EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PRF = perfect SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix PRV = privative prefix TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative LAT = lative suffix PST = past VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future LOC = locative suffix Q = interrogative particle
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative OCC = occupation suffix RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EP = epenthesis IND = indicative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive


Transitive

  • 1. le̋ma ले॓म - separate into two or more pieces
  • She broke the cup.
  • éȝu gı̋ndom e-le̋ma:
éȝ-u gı̋nd-om e=le̋m-a
3-N.s cup-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 2. le̋ma ले॓म - crack or fracture under a physical strain
  • The boy slipped on the ice and broke (his) leg.
  • hűsu ȝe̋gom éna e-pı̋za da la̋kom e-le̋ma:
hűs-u ȝe̋g-om éna e=pı̋z-a da la̋k-om e=le̋m-a
boy-N.s ice-A.s on PST=slip-IND and leg-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 3. pűla पु॓ल - divide something into smaller units
  • The merchant broke the bundle into smaller parcels.
  • k̬a̋pu pĭpı̋no de̋e̋gon éna műűtom e-pűla:
k̬a̋p-u pĭ~pı̋no-Ø de̋e̋g-on éna műűt-om e=pűl-a
merchant-N.s ELT~small-ABS parcel-A.p into bundle-A.s PST=divide-IND


  • 4. dusre̋e̋da दुस्रै॓द - crush the spirit
  • This method of torture will surely break the prisoner.
  • gunős i-mőődo kísu kőlaþum u-dusre̋e̋da:
gun-ős i=mőőd-o kísu kőlaþ-um u=dus=re̋e̋d-a
torture-G.s this=method-N.s surely prisoner-A.s FUT=dis-=cheer-IND


  • 5. dőma दो॓म - cause to lose the will
  • You have to break a horse before you can ride.
  • tu mőrem dőmu ke̋la—fési mı̋mu ma̋ƣa:
t-u mőr-em dőm-u ke̋l-a fési mı̋m-u ma̋ƣ-a
2s-N horse-A.s break-SUP must-IND before ride-SUP be.able-IND


  • 6. ðe̋ża धे॓ज - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate
  • The explosion broke the silence.
  • na̋bo sa̋a̋mom e-ðe̋ża:
na̋b-o sa̋a̋m-om e=ðe̋ż-a
explosion-N.s silence-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 7. lı̋ða लि॓ध - violate, not adhere to
  • He broke his promise to her.
  • ur-éȝu ii-eȝús o eȝu-k̬e̋tom e-lı̋ða:
ur=éȝ-u ii=eȝ-ús o eȝu=k̬e̋t-om e=lı̋ð-a
M=3-N.s F=3-G.s to his=promise-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 8. m̃ine̋uda म़िने॓उद - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
  • Did you break the churn?
  • tu k̨őőrlom m̃ine̋uda me:
t-u k̨őőr-l-om m̃i=ne̋ud-a me
2s-N churn-INS-A.s CONV=utilize-IND Q


  • 9. pa̋xa पक़ - interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object not hit something else beneath
  • He survived the jump out the window because the bushes below broke his fall.
  • éȝu tűngom úúda ı̋tom e-t̬ı̋ɫa—hi ne̋ri dűűsis eȝu-főőlom e-pa̋xa:
éȝ-u tűng-om úúda ı̋t-om e=t̬ı̋ɫ-a hi ne̋ri-Ø dűűs-is eȝu=főől-om e=pa̋x-a
3-N.s window-A.s out.of jump-A.s PST=survive-IND because below-ABS bush-N.p his=fall-A.s PST=stop-IND


Intransitive

  • 10. őna औ॓न - be overwhelmed with sorrow or grief
  • My heart is breaking.
  • mu-sűðo őna:
mu=sűð-o őn-a
my=heart-N.s be.overwhelmed.with.grief-IND


  • 11. de̋usa दे॓उस - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
  • His fever broke at dawn.
  • eȝu-ðe̋ɫo vaiƣa̋s e-de̋usa:
eȝu=ðe̋ɫ-o vaiƣ-a̋s e=de̋us-a
his=fever-N.s dawn-G.s PST=stop-IND


  • 12. vı̋ra भि॓र - collapse into surf
  • I see waves breaking on the shore.
  • mu k̨űdom éna vı̋ranto da̋lo' na̋ka:
m-u k̨űd-om éna vı̋r-a-nto-Ø da̋l-o-' na̋k-a
1s-N shore-A.s on collapse-IND-AP-ABS wave-A.p-ELIS see-IND


  • 13. þűka थु॓क - end of a storm or spell of weather
  • I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
  • mu—tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þűku—ı̋ṡa:
m-u tı̋ı̋þo-Ø i=la̋þ-o m̃u=taƣ-ős fésa þűk-u ı̋ṡ-a
1s-N hot-ABS this=weather-N.s our=trip-G.s before finish-SUP hope-IND


  • 14. żűka जुक - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily
  • Let's (take a) break, then start again.
  • m̃ús żűke. pósu náánu tőde:
m̃-ús żűk-e pósu náánu tőd-e
1p-V pause-IMP then again begin-IMP

Senjecas - but

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