User:Bukkia/sandboxII: Difference between revisions

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| '''*liːloṕæʈon''' || '''*loliːṕæʈon''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕæʈon''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕæʈon'''
| '''*liːloṕæʈon''' || '''*loliːṕæʈon''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕæʈon''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕæʈon'''
|}
|}
{|- class="wikitable"
| colspan="5"| <center>'''Indefinite moods'''</center>
|-
| ||'''''Imperfective present''''' ||'''''Perfective present''''' ||'''''Imperfective past''''' || '''''Perfective past'''''
|-
| ''Infinite<sub><small>1</small></sub>'' || '''*liːloṕæme''' || '''*loliːṕæme''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕæme''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕæme'''
|-
| ''Infinite<sub><small>2</small></sub>''|| '''*liːloṕika''' || '''*loliːṕika''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕika''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕika'''
|-
| ''Active participle'' || '''*liːloṕiːto'''|| '''*loliːṕiːto''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕiːto''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕiːto'''
|-
| ''Passive participle'' || '''*liːloṕuki'''|| '''*loliːṕuki''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕuki''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕuki'''
|}


====Development====
====Development====
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|-
|-
| 3p || '''*liːloṕon''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;"| līločon || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| līloṕon
| 3p || '''*liːloṕon''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;"| līločon || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| līloṕon
|}
{|- class="wikitable"
| colspan="5"| <center>'''''Indefinite moods'''''</center>
|-
| ||'''''Imperfective present''''' ||'''''Perfective present''''' ||'''''Imperfective past''''' || '''''Perfective past'''''
|-
| Infinite<sub>1</sub> || '''*liːloṕæme''' || '''*loliːṕæme''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕæme''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕæme'''
|-
| Infinite<sub>2</sub>|| '''*liːloṕika''' || '''*loliːṕika''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕika''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕika'''
|-
| Active participle || '''*liːloṕiːto'''|| '''*loliːṕiːto''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕiːto''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕiːto'''
|-
| Passive participle || '''*liːloṕuki'''|| '''*loliːṕuki''' || '''*ʔaliːloṕuki''' || '''*ʔaloliːṕuki'''
|}
|}


Revision as of 03:25, 21 August 2021

Piti language family:

  • *Proto-Piti†
    • Kī́rtako†
      • Iðâɣ
      • Lændixu
    • ancient Figo†
      • modern Figo
    • Biwdiw†
      • Gəjlnigu
      • Cärähə
      • Viwdiwgu
    • Jeʂtəra†

Special letters

  • Proto-Piti: ʔ ŋ ɬ ṕ ḱ t́ ɳ ʂ ʈ χ ʰ æ ː
  • Kī́rtako: ʔ š ñ ɣ ā́ ḗ ī́ ṓ ū́ ā̀ ḕ ī̀ ṑ ū̀ ɑ
  • Iðâɣ: š ð ɣ ɸ β ç č ə à á â ǎ è é ê ě ì í î ǐ ò ó ô ǒ ù ú û ǔ
  • Lændixu: ñ ʎ θ ɸ č ž š ç æ ɛ ‘
  • ancient Figo: ɕ č š θ ň ɛ ā ē ī ō ū
  • modern Figo: š ž č ǧ ç ň ř θ ɣ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ə̃
  • Biwdiw: ʈ ʂ š ž č ç ǰ ň ʎ ɛ ā ē ī ō ū
  • Gəjlnigu: ṕ ḱ t́ b́ ǵ d́ ć ḿ ń ŕ ĺ ś ź v́ h́ č ǧ ǰ š ň ʎ ɔ ə
  • Cärähə: ṕ ḱ t́ b́ ǵ d́ ć ḿ ń ŕ ś h́ x́ ǰ ç ɟ ɕ ī ä ü ő ö
  • Viwdiwgu: č ǧ ǰ š ž ň ç ʝ ɛ ä ü ő ö ə ā ī ō ū
  • Jeʂtəra: ʔ ṕ ḱ t́ ʂ ʈ ð ɳ ə ā ē ī ō ū

Numbers

Number Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu ancient
Figo		 modern
Figo		 Biwdiw Gəjlnigu Cärähə Viwdiwgu Jeʂtəra
1 *ʂaːʔo šā́ʔo šâ šæf ɕōw šwov ʂāhu šaw xahə ṡāhu ʂāʔo
2 *ʔaki ʔaki áɣi æx‘ ogi ug hɛgi eǵ hähi hɛɣi ʔakiə
3 *mikoː mikṓ miɣò mixow migō miɣwo miwgō məjgɔ mügo miwgō miəkō
4 *ŋoːɬe gṓwe gô gowbɛ nōh nwoh gōli gɔĺ gori gōli gōle
5 *ṕaːŋe pā́ge pâ pæžɛ čon šwõ šāgi haǵ sehi šāɣi ṕāge
6 *tʰuːɬa thū́wa hû uba θūha fwa tūle tɔj türä tūlɛ ðūla
7 *χaʂæ hašɑ áša haša hoɕe hoše xɛšɛ heže xäsä xɛžɛ haʂə
8 *ḱuʔe kuʔe kù kuj šu fu čuhi čuj cuhi čuhi ḱəwʔe
9 *ʈoːju tsṓju sô coju cōju čwi ʈōǰu cɔǧo ɕoçə tsōǧu ʈōjəw
10 *pʰeːʔo phḗʔo çê few fēw fjev pēhu pejo pehə pihu fēʔo
100 *ɳaːt́u ñā́tu náðu ñæθu ňōšu ňwož ňācju ňacco naćə ňācju ɳāt́əw
1000 *ɬiʔaː wiʔā́ ên* vjæ liā ria wiwhā iva wüha viwhā liəʔā

Vocabulary

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu ancient
Figo		 modern
Figo		 Biwdiw Gəjlnigu Cärähə Viwdiwgu Jeʂtəra
*ertu
thou
you (sing.)		 ertu étu ercu1 ertu ert irdju əjddo ird́ə irdju ertəw
*jaŋe
sheep		 jage ja
goat		 jažɛ jon jõ çɛgi xeǵ çähi çɛɣi jage
*jæɬoː
night		 jɑwṓ jǒ jæbow jɛhō wewo čɛlō čɔ cäro čɛlō jəlō
*kit́a
sky, heaven		 kita kiðe kiθa kiša kiža giwcɛ gəjce güɟä giwcɛ kiət́a
*lelu
sister		 lelu le lɛlu lelu rer liʎu liho riŕə liʝu leləw
*liːloṕ
to see		 lī́lop lîp ʎiloɸ- līloč řiroš- līluš ləjuš rīrus līluš līloṕ
*ɬæɬe
sun		 wɑwe
fire		 é
fire		 væbɛ
fire		 lɛh rwe bjɛli beĺ b́äri vjɛli ləle
*ɬime
world, earth		 wime ím vimɛ lim rim wiwmi əjḿ wümi viwmi liəme
*ɬiːro
man,
human male		 wī́ro îrə vjiru līru řir wīru əjro wīrə vīru līro
*ɬoṕeː
life		 wopḗ óβé voɸi ločē rošje wušē ɔžej wüse wuši loṕē
*ɬoṕeːs
to live		 wopḗs óβés voɸes- ločēs rošjes- wušēs ɔžejs wüses wušis loṕēs
*muːke
bovine		 mū́ke
cow		 múɣ
cow		 mučɛ
cow		 mūg
ox		 mog
ox		 mūgi
cow		 mɔǵ
cow		 mühi
cow		 mūɣi
cow		 mūke
bull
*naːjo
pure, clean		 nā́jo nâ næju nōju nwoj nāǰu naǧo naçə nāǧu nājo
*ɳakʰe
star		 ñakhe na ñahɛ ňoh ňoh ňɛki ňeḱ näki ňɛki ɳaxe
*papu
father		 papu paβu paɸu pobu ob
divine father		 bɛbju bevvo bäb́ə vɛvju papəw
*ṕaːtæ
leader		 pā́tɑ páða pæθa čōde
commander		 šwode
governor		 šadjɛ hadde sed́ä šadjɛ ṕātə
*ṕiḱe
water		 pike piɣ pičɛ čiš ših šiwči həjč süci šiwči ṕiəḱe
*pʰætʰoːɬ
to fly		 phɑthṓw çaðô* fowb- fɛθōl fweθwo- pjɛtōw petɔ* ṕőw pjɛtow fəðōl
*sopa
dog		 sopa soβe soɸa soba soba subɛ huve subä suvɛ sopa
*soːŋo
house, home		 sṓgo soɣə sowgu sōnu swõ sōgu hɔgo sohə sōgu sōgo
*sæɳo
light (n.)		 sɑño sanə sænu sɛňu sweň sjɛňu heňo śänə sjɛňu səɳo
*ʂaː
who		 šā́ šá šæ- ɕō šwo ʂā ša xa ṡā ʂā
*ʂuːri
big, great		 šū́ri šúri sur‘ ɕūri šor ʂūriw šɔrəj xorü ṡūriw ʂūriə
*tita
name		 tita tiðe
surname		 tiθa tida tida diwdɛ
surname		 dəjde
peerage,
noble title		 düdä
bloodline,
lineage		 diwdɛ
family		 tiəta
*tʰiːka
foot		 thī́ka híɣe jixa θīga fjiɣa tīgɛ təjge tīhä tīɣɛ ðīka
*ʈæŋeɬ
to say, to talk
to speak		 tsɑgew sâ* cæžɛb- cɛnəl
to say		 čweh-
to say		 cɛgiw cegəj* ɕähü* tsɛɣiw ʈəgel
to say
*ʔaḱoː
air, wind		 ʔakṓ
air		 áɣó
air		 æxow
air		 ošō
wind		 ožwo
wind		 hɛčō
air		 ečɔ
air		 haco
air		 hɛčō
air		 ʔaḱō
wind
*ʔæɳ
to be		 ʔɑñ án - ɛn* wẽ-* çɛň heň
there is		 cän çɛň
there is		 ʔəɳ
**ʔiːs
negative root		 ʔī́s
negative verb		 - jis
not		 īs
negative verb		 -s
negative
desinence		 hīs
negative verb		 əjs
not		 - hīs
negative verb		 ʔīs
not
*1111
xxxx		 2222
xxxx		 5555
xxxx		 6666
xxxx		 3333
xxxx		 7777
xxxx		 4444
xxxx		 8888
xxxx		 9999
xxxx		 0000
xxxx		 4444
xxxx
  • forms marked with * are irregulary derived or have other severly irregular forms.
  • 1 This form is deemed as archaic and not used in everday spoken language.

Morphology

Nouns

Singular

Animate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *sopali sopali subɛliw
passive *sopa sopa subɛ
ablative *sopaʂu sopašu subɛšu
genitive *sopara sopara subɛrɛ
terminative *sopaχæ sopaɣɑ subɛxjɛ
causative *sopakʰu sopakhu subɛku
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *sopali sobali sopali
passive *sopa soba sopa
ablative *sopaʂu sobaɕu -
genitive *sopara - sopara
terminative *sopaχæ sobahe sopaxə
causative *sopakʰu sobaxu sopaxəw
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -

Inanimate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋo sṓgo sōgu
ablative *soːŋoʂu sṓgošu sōgušu
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋoχæ sṓgoɣɑ sōguxjɛ
causative *soːŋokʰu sṓgokhu sōguku
instrumental *soːŋokʰæ sṓgokhɑ sōgukjɛ
abessive *soːŋoŋil sṓgogil -
locative *soːŋoʈar sṓgotsar -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋo sōnu sōgo
ablative *soːŋoʂu sōnoɕu -
genitive *- - sōgora*
terminative *soːŋoχæ sōnohe sōgoxə
causative *soːŋokʰu sōnoxu sōgoxəw
instrumental *soːŋokʰæ sōnoxe -
abessive *soːŋoŋil - sōgogiəl
locative *soːŋoʈar sōnocar -


Plural

Animate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *sopanoli sopanoli subɛnuliw
passive *sopano sopano subɛnu
ablative *sopanoʂu sopanošu subɛnušu
genitive *sopanora sopanora subɛnurɛ
terminative *sopanoχæ sopanoɣɑ subɛnuxjɛ
causative *sopanokʰu sopanokhu subɛnuku
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *sopalino sobalinu sopalino
passive *sopano sobanu sopano
ablative *sopaʂuno sobaɕunu -
genitive *soparano - soparano
terminative *sopaχæno sobahenu sopaxəno
causative *sopakʰuno sobaxunu sopaxəwno
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -

Inanimate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋono sṓgono sōgunu
ablative *soːŋonoʂu sṓgonošu sōgunušu
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋonoχæ sṓgonoɣɑ sōgunuxjɛ
causative *soːŋonokʰu sṓgonokhu sōgunuku
instrumental *soːŋonokʰæ sṓgonokhɑ sōgunukjɛ
abessive *soːŋonoŋil sṓgonogil -
locative *soːŋonoʈar sṓgonotsar -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋono sōnonu sōgono
ablative *soːŋoʂuno sōnoɕunu -
genitive *- - sōgorano*
terminative *soːŋoχæno sōnohenu sōgoxəno
causative *soːŋokʰuno sōnoxunu sōgoxəwno
instrumental *soːŋokʰæno sōnoxenu -
abessive *soːŋoŋilno - sōgogiəlno
locative *soːŋoʈarno sōnocarnu -

Dual

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *sopaʔili - subɛhiwliw
passive *sopaʔi - subɛhiw
ablative *sopaʔiʂu - subɛhiwšu
genitive *sopaʔira - subɛhiwrɛ
terminative *sopaʔiχæ - subɛhiwxjɛ
causative *sopaʔikʰu - subɛhiwku
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *sopaliʔi sobalī -
passive *sopaʔi sobaj -
ablative *sopaʂuʔi sobaɕuj -
genitive *soparaʔi - -
terminative *sopaχæʔi sobahej -
causative *sopakʰuʔi sobaxuj -
instrumental *- - -
abessive *- - -
locative *- - -

Inanimate noun:

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋoʔi - sōguhiw
ablative *soːŋoʔiʂu - sōguhiwšu
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋoʔiχæ - sōguhiwxjɛ
causative *soːŋoʔikʰu - sōguhiwku
instrumental *soːŋoʔikʰæ - sōguhiwkjɛ
abessive *soːŋoʔiŋil - -
locative *soːŋoʔiʈar - -
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
agentive *- - -
passive *soːŋoʔi sōnoj -
ablative *soːŋoʂuʔi sōnoɕuj -
genitive *- - -
terminative *soːŋoχæʔi sōnohej -
causative *soːŋokʰuʔi sōnoxuj -
instrumental *soːŋokʰæʔi sōnoxej -
abessive *soːŋoŋilʔi - -
locative *soːŋoʈarʔi sōnocari -

Kī́rtako languages

Animate noun:

Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu
Singular
agentive sopali - - direct soɸal‘
passive sopa direct soβe vocative soɸa
ablative sopašu - - - -
genitive sopara genitive soβere - -
terminative sopaɣɑ - - oblique soɸaha
causative sopakhu - - - -
instrumental - instrumental - - -
abessive - - - - -
locative - locative - - -
Plural
agentive sopanoli - - direct soɸanol‘
passive sopano direct soβenə vocative soɸanu
ablative sopanošu - - - -
genitive sopanora genitive soβenore - -
terminative sopanoɣɑ - - oblique soɸanoha
causative sopanokhu - - - -
instrumental - instrumental - - -
abessive - - - - -
locative - locative - - -

Inanimate noun:

Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu
Singular
agentive - - - direct sowgul‘*
passive sṓgo direct soɣə vocative sowgu
ablative sṓgošu - - - -
genitive - genitive soɣəre* - -
terminative sṓgoɣɑ - - oblique sowguha
causative sṓgokhu - - - -
instrumental sṓgokhɑ instrumental soɣəxə - -
abessive sṓgogil - - - -
locative sṓgotsar locative soɣəsah - -
Plural
agentive - - - direct sowgunol‘*
passive sṓgono direct soɣənə vocative sowgunu
ablative sṓgonošu - - - -
genitive - genitive soɣənore* - -
terminative sṓgonoɣɑ - - oblique sowgunoha
causative sṓgonokhu - - - -
instrumental sṓgonokhɑ instrumental soɣənoxə - -
abessive sṓgonogil - - - -
locative sṓgonotsar locative soɣənosah - -

Figo languages

Animate noun:

ancient Figo Modern Figo
Singular
agentive sobali nominative sobar
passive soba accusative soba
genitive sobaɕu oblique sobaš
dative sobahe - -
causative sobaxu - -
instrumental - - -
locative - - -
Plural
agentive sobalinu nominative sobarĩ
passive sobanu accusative sobã
genitive sobaɕunu oblique sobašũ
dative sobahenu - -
causative sobaxuno - -
instrumental - - -
locative - - -

Inanimate noun:

ancient Figo Modern Figo
Singular
agentive - nominative swõnur*
passive sōnu accusative swõ
genitive sōnoɕu oblique swõnuš
dative sōnohe - -
causative sōnoxu - -
instrumental sōnoxe - -
locative sōnocar - -
Plural
agentive - nominative swõnurĩ*
passive sōnonu accusative swõnũ
genitive sōnoɕunu oblique swõnušũ
dative sōnohenu - -
causative sōnoxunu - -
instrumental sōnoxenu - -
locative sōnocarnu - -

Biwdiw languages

Animate noun:

Biwdiw Gəjlnigu Cärähə Viwdiwgu
Singular
agentive subɛliw - - - - - -
passive subɛ direct huve basic subä direct suvɛ
ablative subɛšu - - - - - -
genitive subɛrɛ oblique huvere - - genitive suvɛrɛ
dative subɛxjɛ - - - - dative suvɛxjɛ
causative subɛku - - - - - -
instrumental - - - - - - -
Dual
agentive subɛhiwliw - - - - - -
passive subɛhiw direct - basic - direct suvɛhiw
ablative subɛhiwšu - - - - - -
genitive subɛhiwrɛ oblique - - - genitive suvɛhiwrɛ
dative subɛhiwxjɛ - - - - dative suvɛhiwxjɛ
causative subɛhiwku - - - - - -
instrumental - - - - - - -
Plural
agentive subɛnuliw - - - - - -
passive subɛnu direct huveno basic subänə direct suvö
ablative subɛnušu - - - - - -
genitive subɛnurɛ oblique huvenure - - genitive suvörɛ
dative subɛnuxjɛ - - - - dative suvöxjɛ
causative subɛnuku - - - - - -
instrumental - - - - - - -

Inanimate noun:

Biwdiw Gəjlnigu Cärähə Viwdiwgu
Singular
agentive - - - - - - -
passive sōgu direct hɔgo basic sohə direct sōgu
ablative sōgušu - - - - - -
genitive - oblique hɔgore* - - genitive sōgure*
dative sōguxjɛ - - - - dative sōguxje
causative sōguku - - - - - -
instrumental sōgukjɛ - - - - - -
Dual
agentive - - - - - - -
passive sōguhiw direct - basic - direct sōguhiw
ablative sōguhiwšu - - - - - -
genitive - oblique - - - genitive sōguhiwre*
dative sōguhiwxjɛ - - - - dative sōguhiwxje
causative sōguhiwku - - - - - -
instrumental sōguhiwkjɛ - - - - - -
Plural
agentive - - - - - - -
passive sōgunu direct hɔgono basic sohənə direct sōgū
ablative sōgunušu - - - - - -
genitive - oblique hɔgonure* - - genitive sōgūre*
dative sōgunuxjɛ - - - - dative sōgūxje
causative sōgunuku - - - - - -
instrumental sōgunukjɛ - - - - - -

Verbs

Indicative
Imperfective present Perfective present Imperfective past Perfective past
1s *liːloṕoł *loliːṕoł *ʔaliːloṕoł *ʔaloliːṕoł
2s *liːloṕer *loliːṕer *ʔaliːloṕer *ʔaloliːṕer
3s *liːloṕæt́ *loliːṕæt́ *ʔaliːloṕæt́ *ʔaloliːṕæt́
*liːloṕ *loliːṕ *ʔaliːloṕ *ʔaloliːṕ
1d *liːloṕiʔoł
*liːloṕołiʔ		 *loliːṕiʔoł
*loliːṕołiʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕiʔoł
*ʔaliːloṕołiʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕiʔoł
*ʔaloliːṕołiʔ
2d *liːloṕiʔer
*liːloṕeriʔ		 *loliːṕiʔer
*loliːṕeriʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕiʔer
*ʔaliːloṕeriʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕiʔer
*ʔaloliːṕeriʔ
3d *liːloṕiʔæt́
*liːloṕæt́iʔ		 *loliːṕiʔæt́
*loliːṕæt́iʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕiʔæt́
*ʔaliːloṕæt́iʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕiʔæt́
*ʔaloliːṕæt́iʔ
*liːloṕiʔ *loliːṕiʔ *ʔaliːloṕiʔ *ʔaloliːṕiʔ
1p *liːloṕonoł
*liːloṕołon		 *loliːṕonoł
*loliːṕołon		 *ʔaliːloṕonoł
*ʔaliːloṕołon		 *ʔaloliːṕonoł
*ʔaloliːṕołon
2p *liːloṕoner
*liːloṕeron		 *loliːṕoner
*loliːṕeron		 *ʔaliːloṕoner
*ʔaliːloṕeron		 *ʔaloliːṕoner
*ʔaloliːṕeron
3p *liːloṕonæt́
*liːloṕæt́on		 *loliːṕonæt́
*loliːṕæt́on		 *ʔaliːloṕonæt́
*ʔaliːloṕæt́on		 *ʔaloliːṕonæt́
*ʔaloliːṕæt́on
*liːloṕon *loliːṕon *ʔaliːloṕon *ʔaloliːṕon
Subjunctive
Imperfective present Perfective present Imperfective past Perfective past
1s *liːloṕiɳoł *loliːṕiɳoł *ʔaliːloṕiɳoł *ʔaloliːṕiɳoł
2s *liːloṕiɳer *loliːṕiɳer *ʔaliːloṕiɳer *ʔaloliːṕiɳer
3s *liːloṕiɳæt́ *loliːṕiɳæt́ *ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́ *ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́
*liːloṕiɳ *loliːṕiɳ *ʔaliːloṕiɳ *ʔaloliːṕiɳ
1d *liːloṕiɳiʔoł
*liːloṕiɳołiʔ		 *loliːṕiɳiʔoł
*loliːṕiɳołiʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔoł
*ʔaliːloṕiɳołiʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔoł
*ʔaloliːṕiɳołiʔ
2d *liːloṕiɳiʔer
*liːloṕiɳeriʔ		 *loliːṕiɳiʔer
*loliːṕiɳeriʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔer
*ʔaliːloṕiɳeriʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔer
*ʔaloliːṕiɳeriʔ
3d *liːloṕiɳiʔæt́
*liːloṕiɳæt́iʔ		 *loliːṕiɳiʔæt́
*loliːṕiɳæt́iʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔæt́
*ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́iʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔæt́
*ʔaloliːiɳæt́iʔ
*liːloṕiɳiʔ *loliːṕiɳiʔ *ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔ *ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔ
1p *liːloṕiɳonoł
*liːloṕiɳołon		 *loliːṕiɳonoł
*loliːṕiɳołon		 *ʔaliːloṕiɳonoł
*ʔaliːloṕiɳołon		 *ʔaloliːṕiɳonoł
*ʔaloliːṕiɳołon
2p *liːloṕiɳoner
*liːloṕeron		 *loliːṕiɳoner
*loliːṕeron		 *ʔaliːloṕiɳoner
*ʔaliːloṕiɳeron		 *ʔaloliːṕiɳoner
*ʔaloliːṕiɳeron
3p *liːloṕoniɳæt́
*liːloṕiɳæt́on		 *loliːṕiɳonæt́
*loliːṕiɳæt́on		 *ʔaliːloṕiɳonæt́
*ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́on		 *ʔaloliːṕiɳonæt́
*ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́on
*liːloṕiɳon *loliːṕiɳon *ʔaliːloṕiɳon *ʔaloliːṕiɳon
Optative
Imperfective present Perfective present Imperfective past Perfective past
1s *liːloṕoṕoł *loliːṕoṕoł *ʔaliːloṕoṕoł *ʔaloliːṕoṕoł
2s *liːloṕoṕer *loliːṕoṕer *ʔaliːloṕoṕer *ʔaloliːṕoṕer
3s *liːloṕoṕæt́ *loliːṕoṕæt́ *ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́ *ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́
*liːloṕoṕ *loliːṕoṕ *ʔaliːloṕoṕ *ʔaloliːṕoṕ
1d *liːloṕoṕiʔoł
*liːloṕoṕołiʔ		 *loliːṕoṕiʔoł
*loliːṕoṕołiʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔoł
*ʔaliːloṕoṕołiʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔoł
*ʔaloliːṕoṕołiʔ
2d *liːloṕoṕiʔer
*liːloṕoṕeriʔ		 *loliːṕoṕiʔer
*loliːṕoṕeriʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔer
*ʔaliːloṕoṕeriʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔer
*ʔaloliːṕoṕeriʔ
3d *liːloṕoṕiʔæt́
*liːloṕoṕæt́iʔ		 *loliːṕoṕiʔæt́
*loliːṕoṕæt́iʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔæt́
*ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́iʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔæt́
*ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́iʔ
*liːloṕoṕiʔ *loliːṕoṕiʔ *ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔ *ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔ
1p *liːloṕoṕonoł
*liːloṕoṕołon		 *loliːṕonoł
*loliːṕoṕołon		 *ʔaliːloṕoṕonoł
*ʔaliːloṕoṕołon		 *ʔaloliːṕoṕonoł
*ʔaloliːṕoṕołon
2p *liːloṕoṕoner
*liːloṕoṕeron		 *loliːṕoṕoner
*loliːṕoṕeron		 *ʔaliːloṕoṕoner
*ʔaliːloṕoṕeron		 *ʔaloliːṕoṕoner
*ʔaloliːṕoṕeron
3p *liːloṕoṕonæt́
*liːloṕoṕæt́on		 *loliːṕoṕonæt́
*loliːṕoṕæt́on		 *ʔaliːloṕoṕonæt́
*ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́on		 *ʔaloliːṕoṕonæt́
*ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́on
*liːloṕoṕon *loliːṕoṕon *ʔaliːloṕoṕon *ʔaloliːṕoṕon
Potential
Imperfective present Perfective present Imperfective past Perfective past
1s *liːloṕæʈoł *loliːṕæʈoł *ʔaliːloṕæʈoł *ʔaloliːṕæʈoł
2s *liːloṕæʈer *loliːṕæʈer *ʔaliːloṕæʈer *ʔaloliːṕæʈer
3s *liːloṕæʈæt́ *loliːṕæʈæt́ *ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́ *ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́
*liːloṕæʈ *loliːṕæʈ *ʔaliːloṕæʈ *ʔaloliːṕæʈ
1d *liːloṕæʈiʔoł
*liːloṕæʈołiʔ		 *loliːṕæʈiʔoł
*loliːṕæʈołiʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔoł
*ʔaliːloṕæʈołiʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔoł
*ʔaloliːṕæʈołiʔ
2d *liːloṕæʈiʔer
*liːloṕæʈeriʔ		 *loliːṕæʈiʔer
*loliːṕæʈeriʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔer
*ʔaliːloṕæʈeriʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔer
*ʔaloliːṕæʈeriʔ
3d *liːloṕæʈiʔæt́
*liːloṕæʈæt́iʔ		 *loliːṕæʈiʔæt́
*loliːṕæʈæt́iʔ		 *ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔæt́
*ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́iʔ		 *ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔæt́
*ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́iʔ
*liːloṕæʈiʔ *loliːṕæʈiʔ *ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔ *ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔ
1p *liːloṕæʈonoł
*liːloṕæʈołon		 *loliːṕæʈonoł
*loliːṕæʈołon		 *ʔaliːloṕæʈonoł
*ʔaliːloṕæʈołon		 *ʔaloliːṕæʈonoł
*ʔaloliːṕæʈołon
2p *liːloṕæʈoner
*liːloṕæʈeron		 *loliːṕæʈoner
*loliːṕæʈeron		 *ʔaliːloṕæʈoner
*ʔaliːloṕæʈeron		 *ʔaloliːṕæʈoner
*ʔaloliːṕæʈeron
3p *liːloṕonæʈæt́
*liːloṕæʈæt́on		 *loliːṕæʈonæt́
*loliːṕæʈæt́on		 *ʔaliːloṕæʈonæt́
*ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́on		 *ʔaloliːṕæʈonæt́
*ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́on
*liːloṕæʈon *loliːṕæʈon *ʔaliːloṕæʈon *ʔaloliːṕæʈon
Indefinite moods
Imperfective present Perfective present Imperfective past Perfective past
Infinite1 *liːloṕæme *loliːṕæme *ʔaliːloṕæme *ʔaloliːṕæme
Infinite2 *liːloṕika *loliːṕika *ʔaliːloṕika *ʔaloliːṕika
Active participle *liːloṕiːto *loliːṕiːto *ʔaliːloṕiːto *ʔaloliːṕiːto
Passive participle *liːloṕuki *loliːṕuki *ʔaliːloṕuki *ʔaloliːṕuki


Development

Proto-Piti Kī́rtako Biwdiw
1s *liːloṕoł lī́lopow līlušū
2s *liːloṕer lī́loper līlušir
3s *liːloṕæt́ lī́lopɑt līlušɛc
3s *liːloṕ lī́lop līluš
1d *liːloṕiʔoł - līlušiwhū
2d *liːloṕiʔer - līlušiwhir
3d *liːloṕiʔæt́ - līlušiwcɛc
3d *liːloṕiʔ - līlušiwh
1p *liːloṕonoł lī́loponow līlušunū
2p *liːloṕoner lī́loponer līlušunir
3p *liːloṕonæt́ lī́loponɑt līlušunjɛc
3p *liːloṕon lī́lopon līlušun
Proto-Piti a. Figo Jeʂtəra
1s *liːloṕoł līločow līloṕol
2s *liːloṕer līločər līloṕer
3s *liːloṕæt́ līločeš līloṕət́
3s *liːloṕ līloč līloṕ
1d *liːloṕołiʔ līločohi -
2d *liːloṕeriʔ līločəri -
3d *liːloṕæt́iʔ līločeši -
3d *liːloṕiʔ līloči -
1p *liːloṕołon līločohon līloṕolon
2p *liːloṕeron līločəron līloṕeron
3p *liːloṕæt́on līločešon līloṕət́on
3p *liːloṕon līločon līloṕon

Kī́rtako languages

Kī́rtako Iðâɣ Lændixu
1s lī́lopow lîβò ʎiloɸof
2s lī́loper lîβəh -
3s lī́lopɑt - ʎiloɸæh
3s lī́lop lîp -
1p lī́loponow lîβonò ʎiloɸonof
2p lī́loponer lîβonəh -
3p lī́loponɑt - ʎiloɸonæh
3p lī́lopon lîβon -

Figo languages

ancient Figo modern Figo
archaic forms		 modern Figo
modern forms
1s līločow řirošov* řirušjid wẽv
2s līločər řirošr* řirušjid wẽr
3s līločeš řirošeh* řirušjid wẽh
3s līloč - -
1d līločohi - -
2d līločəri - -
3d līločeši - -
3d līloči - -
1p līločohon řirošõ* řirušjidũ wẽnõ
2p līločəron řirošrõ* řirušjidũ wẽrõ
3p līločešon řirošežõ* řirušjidũ wẽžõ
3p līločon - -

Biwdiw languages

Biwdiw Gəjlnigu Cärähə Viwdiwgu
1s līlušū ləjužɔ rīrusü līlužū
2s līlušir ləjužih rīrusir līlužir
3s līlušɛc - rīruśäh līlužɛc
3s līluš ləjuš rīrus* līluš*
1d līlušiwhū - - līlužiwhū
2d līlušiwhir - - līlužiwhir
3d līlušiwcɛc - - līlužiwcɛc
3d līlušiwh - - līlužiwh*
1p līlušunū ləjužunɔ rīrusunü līlužü
2p līlušunir ləjužunih rīrusunir līlužür
3p līlušunjɛc - rīrusuńäh līlužünjɛc
3p līlušun ləjužun rīrusun* līlužün*

Sample sentences

Sentence The man saw the dog
Proto-Piti *ɬiːroli sopa ʔaloliːṕ(æt́)
man-AGEN dog-PASS PAST-see-PERF(-3ps)
Kī́rtako wī́roli sopa ʔalolī́pɑt
Iðâɣ îrə tòr êβíðə soβe
Lændixu æl‘ vjirul‘ ojh loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ soɸal‘
ancient Figo līruli soba alolīčeš
modern Figo řirur soba řirušjid jẽh
Biwdiw wīruliw hɛlulīšɛc subɛ
Gəjlnigu ežd əjro ejjužəjdo ež huve
Cärähə äs wīrə rurīśäh äs subä
Viwdiwgu vīru lulīžīdu suvɛ
Jeʂtəra ʔalolīṕət́ līroli sopa
Sentence The woman didn't see the man's house
Proto-Piti *ʔoːnali ɬiːrora soːŋoʂu loliːṕæme ʔaʔiːs(æt́)
woman-AGEN man-GEN house-ABL see-PERF-INF PAST-NEG(-3ps)
Kī́rtako ʔṓnali wī́rora sṓgošu lolī́ṕiñɑme ʔaʔī́sɑt
Iðâɣ ône î tòr êβíðə soɣə ô îrəre
Lændixu æl‘ ownal‘ he ojh loʎiɸjiθu æl‘ sowgul‘ hæk æha vjiruha
ancient Figo ōnali līruɕu sōnu līločem ēs
modern Figo wonar řiruš řek swõ řirušjid jĩs
Biwdiw hōnɛliw hɛhīsjɛc wīrurɛ sōgušu lulīšiwgɛ
Gəjlnigu ež ɔne ejjužəjdo əjs ež hɔgo čel ežəre əjrore
Cärähə äs honä rurīśäh wī äs sohə cäl äs wīrə
Viwdiwgu hő hīzīdu lulīžiwgɛ sōgurɛ vīrurɛ
Jeʂtəra ʔalolīṕət́ ʔōnali sōgo līrora ʔīs
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