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| #The labiovelars ''kʷ ḳʷ ŋʷ xʷ gʷ'' shifted to '''k k ŋ h g'''. | | #The labiovelars ''kʷ ḳʷ ŋʷ xʷ gʷ'' shifted to '''k k ŋ h g'''. |
| #The labial-velar coarticulated stops ''kp ḳṗ'' shifted to '''pʷ ṗʷ'''. | | #The labial-velar coarticulated stops ''kp ḳṗ'' shifted to '''pʷ ṗʷ'''. |
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| ==Sound changes==
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| Early Laura speech was characterized by the division of all Khulls phonemes into [+labial] and [+palatal], with no neutral sounds.
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| Laura's innovation was to consider of all the non-labialized velars to be "palatal-friendly", and all of the plain alveolars (i.e. not postalveolar) to be "labial-friendly". The plain labials were also considered palatal-friendly, but in Khulls labials had always "defeated" palatals, and that remained true here. Thus the phonology was reinterpreted as
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| p ṗ b m h ʔ ʕ ḷ ṡ ṣ̌ z ŋ̇ ṁ ṅ l x k ḳ ġ ŋ t ṭ d n gʷ xʷ g s r š ž č ǯ kʷ ḳʷ ġʷ pʷ ṗʷ bʷ ʕʷ hʷ
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| p ṗ b m (ś) ʔ (ź) ḷ ṡ ṣ̌ zʷ ŋ̇ ṁ ṅ l ś ć ǵ ń tʷ ṭʷ dʷ nʷ gʷ xʷ ź sʷ rʷ š ž č ǯ kʷ ḳʷ ġʷ pʷ ṗʷ bʷ w f
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| The syllabic consonants did not change yet because they behaved as vowels. /l/ did not change because it behaved as the palatal counterpart to /ʕʷ/.
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| ===Loss of syllabic consonants===
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| All syllabic consonants that occurred after other consonants changed to /u/ + consonant, thus making /u/ more prominent than in the parent language. However, /ul/ soon changed to just /u/, thus freeing it from needing to occur before a consonant.
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| Syllabic consonants that occurred after a vowel simply became plain consonants, with /l/ possibly changing to /w/ here as well.
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| ===Loss of velar consonants===
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| The language at this point had /kʷ ḳʷ ġʷ xʷ gʷ/ as its only dorsal consonants, and all of them were labialized in all positions. Next, they split three ways, depending on the surrounding phonemes:
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| *When before a front vowel, they were palatalized to /čʷ čʷ ǯʷ šʷ žʷ/. This probably pushes the other posalveolars into alveolars again.
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| *When adjacent to a rounded vowel in either direction, they were transformed into rounded labials: /pʷ ṗʷ bʷ f w/, although the second of these sometimes appeared as a simple /pʷ/ because the front-vowel shift happened first.
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| *If neither of these conditions were true, they became plain velars /k ḳ ġ x g/. A fourth outcome may be possible, as perhaps they were palatalized after a front vowel as well, and then delabialized if before /a/.
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| ===Reorientation of tones===
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| Possibly change the pharyngealized tone to /w/ + vowel, thus creating even more labialized consonants.
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| ===Final phonology===
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| Vowels are essentially unchanged from Khulls.
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| Consonants:
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| pʷ ṗʷ bʷ mʷ w p ṗ b m f v t d n s z l č ǯ š ž k ḳ ġ x g
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| ==Notes== | | ==Notes== |
The Lâura language is a branch of Khulls spoken in Poswob territory that takes its name from discarded words meaning lemonade. It is part of a series of fruit-flavored languages that also includes Apple Pie, Mandarin Orange, Raspberry Wine, and Strawberry Icecream.
Pre-Proto-Moonshine (3958) to Sister Tadpole (6843)
Rounded bilabials: pʷ mʷ hʷ w
Plain bilabials: p m kp ḳṗ
Alveolars: t ṭ n s l r
Palataloids: č ň š ž y ǯ
Velars: k ḳ ŋ x g
Labiovelars: kʷ ḳʷ ŋʷ xʷ gʷ
Postvelars: q h
- The bilabial nasal m shifted to mʷ.
- The alveolars t ṭ n r shifted to pʷ ṗʷ mʷ b unconditionally. The fricative s shifted to sʷ.
- The laterals l λ merged as l.
- The fricatives hʷ ʕʷ shifted to f w.
- The syllabic consonants ḷ ṁ ṅ ŋ̇ ṡ shifted to u um un uŋ usʷ. Note that /n/ survived.
- The postalveolars č ň š ž ǯ shifted to c n s z ʒ, though they remained as postalveolars allophonically before or after any front vowel.
- The velars k ḳ ŋ x g shifted to t t n s y. Then h also became ś.
- The labiovelars kʷ ḳʷ ŋʷ xʷ gʷ shifted to k k ŋ h g.
- The labial-velar coarticulated stops kp ḳṗ shifted to pʷ ṗʷ.
Notes
