User:Masako/naho: Difference between revisions

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= Introduction =
== Characteristics ==
== Borrowing ==
= Phonology =
== Consonants ==
== Vowels ==
=== Diphthongs ===
== Phonotactics ==
* u-/-u used to replace redundant syllables
= Nouns =
== Gender ==
Gender is not normally marked but can be with the endings <b>-na</b> and <b>-ta</b> to mark the feminine and masculine, respectively or nouns such as '''naka''', '''tlaka''', '''nahi''', or '''tahi''' (''the woman, the man, the girl, the boy''), etc. A gender neutral suffix, '''-nta''' may be used when the gender is unknown or ambiguous.
* <b>kuma</b> - <small>bear</small> - <i>a bear</i> → <b>kumana</b> - <small>bear-FEM</small> - <i>sow</i> → <b>kumata</b> - <small>bear-MASC</small> - <i>boar</i>
* <b>masa</b> - <small>deer</small> - <i>a deer</i> → <b>masana</b> - <small>deer-FEM</small> - <i>doe</i> → <b>masata</b> - <small>deer-MASC</small> - <i>stag</i>
* <b>uma</b> - <small>horse</small> - <i>a horse</i> → <b>umana</b> - <small>horse-FEM</small> - <i>mare</i> → <b>umata</b> - <small>horse-MASC</small> - <i>stallion</i>
== Number ==
* -mi paucal
* tatli / tli- collective
* oli / -li each; every
* ma / -m/-lo general plural
* mpa / -mpa many/much ~
== Pronouns ==
na – 1sg
ta – 2sg
ha – 3sg
tla – 3sg.INAN
ki / -ki reflexive
anku / -nku reciprocal
=== Deixis ===
itla / i- proximal
uatla / ua- medial
yetla / ye- distal
== Case ==
ya – vocative particle
te – genitive [inalienable possession]
-tle/-le – dative / benefactive
yoha / -yo – genitive / possessive
mpe / -mpe – terminative or limitative case
== Size & Importance ==
piece; a part – peya / -pe
diminutive; small – ahi / -hi
== Quality ==
niha / -ni good; pleasant; regular
sahi / -si color of ~
atsi / tsi- angle of ~
mala / -mpo bad; unfavorable; unpleasant
to / -to way; method; manner
ko / -ko/-tlo agent; individual
mo / -mo place; location of ~
no / -no thing; substance of ~
so / -so type; kind; class of ~
tsoya / -tso middle; center; half of ~
o- honored/revered
puku / -pu clothing for ~
suku / -su market/shop for/of ~
kyohu / -hu aggressive or extreme ~
kutsu / -tsu flesh/meat of ~
umpu / -mpu shape or form of ~
nata / -nta relative; kin
= Numbers =
cardinal
ordinal
multiples
* multiple of number – tiha / ti-
math operations
= Verbs =
= Verbs =


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         Active intransitive verb: VS
         Active intransitive verb: VS
         Active transitive verb: VSO
         Active transitive verb: VSO
= links =


* andes.org/q_grammar.html
* andes.org/q_grammar.html
* zompist.com/quechua.html
* zompist.com/quechua.html
 
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_language#Grammar
= Syntax =
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koasati_language
 
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw_language
== Noun phrases ==
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw_language
 
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuchi_language
== Clauses ==
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language
 
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqui_language
== Complex sentences ==
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Nahuatl_grammar
 
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuan_languages#Grammar /
= Abbreviations =
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_grammar /
 
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar /
1 first person
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Gezoro /
2 second person
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Lotoka
3 third person
* citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.584.1943&rep=rep1&type=pdf
sg singular
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Kuy%CA%94%C5%ABn/Syntax#Prepositional_phrases
pl plural
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Coverbs
INAN inanimate
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Kataputi#Basic_word_order
PROX proximal
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ndok_Ais%C3%B4
MED medial
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Mhakh_Thandim#Serial_Verb_Constructions_.28SVC.29 
DIST distal
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ronc_Tyu/Serial_verb_constructions
VOC vocative
* akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ndak_Ta/Grammar_-_Additional_stuff
GEN genitive
DAT dative
REFL reflexive
PAU paucal

Revision as of 08:07, 22 November 2020

Verbs

Notes: 

   Verbs roots are either active or stative by default
       Voice/valency suffixes can be added to conjugate/derive a new stem that switches active vs. stative
       Verb arguments are either active or stative as well, as defined by their head noun or determiner
       The verb & it's voice/valency determine which type of arguments are used
   For word orders below:
       S = active argument (more agentive: think nominative/ergative)
       O = stative argument (more patientive: think accusative/absolutive)
   Word orders:
       Stative intransitive verb: VO
       Stative transitive verb: VOS
       Active intransitive verb: VS
       Active transitive verb: VSO


links

  • andes.org/q_grammar.html
  • zompist.com/quechua.html
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_language#Grammar
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koasati_language
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw_language
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw_language
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuchi_language
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqui_language
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Nahuatl_grammar
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuan_languages#Grammar /
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_grammar /
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar /
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Gezoro /
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Lotoka
  • citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.584.1943&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Kuy%CA%94%C5%ABn/Syntax#Prepositional_phrases
  • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Coverbs
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Kataputi#Basic_word_order
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ndok_Ais%C3%B4
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Mhakh_Thandim#Serial_Verb_Constructions_.28SVC.29
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ronc_Tyu/Serial_verb_constructions
  • akana.conlang.org/wiki/Ndak_Ta/Grammar_-_Additional_stuff
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