Valware - Georgian: Difference between revisions
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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | ||
! | ! | ||
! | |||
! labial | ! labial | ||
! dental | ! dental | ||
! alveolar | ! alveolar | ||
! palatal | ! palatal | ||
! glottal | ! glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2" | Nasals | ||
! voiceless | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| m /m/ ~ /ɱ/<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup><br>'''მ''' | |||
| n /n/<br>'''ნ''' | |||
| | | | ||
| ń /ŋ/<br>'''გ'''<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! voiceless | ! rowspan="2" | Stops | ||
! voiceless | |||
| | | | ||
| /t/<br>'''ტ''' | | t /t/<br>'''ტ''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| ʻ /ʔ/<br>'''ჸ'''<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2" | Fricatives | ||
| / | ! voiceless | ||
| | | f /φ/<br>'''ჶ'''<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| s /s/<br>'''ს''' | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| / | | v /β/<br>'''ვ''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2" | Sonorants | ||
! voiceless | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| h /h/<br>'''ჰ''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| | | w /w/<br>'''ჳ'''<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> | ||
| | | l /l/<br>'''ლ''' | ||
| /l/<br>'''ლ'''<br> | | r /ɾ/<br>'''რ''' | ||
| | | y /j/<br>'''ჲ'''<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
*1. The velar voiced stop /g/ is reassigned the value of /ŋ/. | *{{Color|red|1}} /m/ becomes the [[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|labiodental]] /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|2}} The velar voiced stop /g/ is reassigned the value of /ŋ/. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|3}} ''Elifi'' <'''ჸ'''> is the letter for the glottal stop /ʔ/ in [[Wikipedia:Svan language|Svan]] and [[Wikipedia:Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]]. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|4}} The letter ''fi'' <'''ჶ'''> is used in [[Wikipedia:Laz language|Laz]] and Svan. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|5}} The obsolete letter ''vie'' <'''ჳ'''> is used for /w/. | ||
*{{Color|red|6}} The letter ''hie'' <'''ჲ'''> is used for /j/ in [[Wikipedia:Laz language|Laz]] and Mingrelian. | |||
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|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| /i/<br>'''ი''' | | i /i/<br>'''ი''' | ||
| | | | ||
| /u/<br>'''უ''' | | u /u/<br>'''უ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close Mid | ! Close Mid | ||
| /e/<br>'''ე''' | | e /e/<br>'''ე''' | ||
| | | | ||
| /o/<br>'''ო''' | | o /o/<br>'''ო''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| | | | ||
| /ä/<br>'''ა''' | | a /ä/<br>'''ა''' | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
== | ==Example== | ||
*All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | *All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | ||
*They are endowed with reason and consciene | |||
*and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | |||
*'''Օwe nuńwu wolo rile oʻ otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.''' | *'''Օwe nuńwu wolo rile oʻ otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.''' | ||
*'''Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi''' | *'''Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi''' | ||
* | *'''o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńol wila ve ńohita wafa.''' | ||
* | *ოჳე ნუგჳუ ჳოლო რილე ოჸ ოტუ უსა ვე საგო ჲუგ ო სატი ჲი. | ||
* | *ეტუ ჲუგ ო ჶუჳი ჲუგ ჲე სა ჲი | ||
*ო ჳა სოგა ჳეგჳა ჳივა ვე ჳასი გჳლ ჳილა ვე გჳჰიტა ჳაჶა. | *ო ჳა სოგა ჳეგჳა ჳივა ვე ჳასი გჳლ ჳილა ვე გჳჰიტა ჳაჶა. | ||
*Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 | *Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 | ||
Revision as of 10:30, 5 March 2020
Pronunciation table
| Latin | a | v | e | i | y | l | m | n | ń | o | r | s | t | u | w | f | h | ʻ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | /a/ | /β/ | /e/ | /i/ | /j/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /o/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /w/ | /φ/ | /h/ | /Ɂ/ |
- The letters of the alphabet are arranged in a modified Cyrillic order.
Consonants
| labial | dental | alveolar | palatal | glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ ~ /ɱ/1 მ |
n /n/ ნ |
ń /ŋ/ გ2 |
|||
| Stops | voiceless | t /t/ ტ |
ʻ /ʔ/ ჸ3 | |||
| voiced | ||||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | f /φ/ ჶ4 |
s /s/ ს |
|||
| voiced | v /β/ ვ |
|||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | h /h/ ჰ | ||||
| voiced | w /w/ ჳ5 |
l /l/ ლ |
r /ɾ/ რ |
y /j/ ჲ6 |
Notes
- 1 /m/ becomes the labiodental /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/.
- 2 The velar voiced stop /g/ is reassigned the value of /ŋ/.
- 3 Elifi <ჸ> is the letter for the glottal stop /ʔ/ in Svan and Mingrelian.
- 4 The letter fi <ჶ> is used in Laz and Svan.
- 5 The obsolete letter vie <ჳ> is used for /w/.
- 6 The letter hie <ჲ> is used for /j/ in Laz and Mingrelian.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ ი |
u /u/ უ | |
| Close Mid | e /e/ ე |
o /o/ ო | |
| Open | a /ä/ ა |
Example
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
- They are endowed with reason and consciene
- and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- Օwe nuńwu wolo rile oʻ otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.
- Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi
- o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńol wila ve ńohita wafa.
- ოჳე ნუგჳუ ჳოლო რილე ოჸ ოტუ უსა ვე საგო ჲუგ ო სატი ჲი.
- ეტუ ჲუგ ო ჶუჳი ჲუგ ჲე სა ჲი
- ო ჳა სოგა ჳეგჳა ჳივა ვე ჳასი გჳლ ჳილა ვე გჳჰიტა ჳაჶა.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1
