Senjecas - so: Difference between revisions

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==Glossing abbreviations==
==Glossing abbreviations==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|1s/p = 1st person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
|COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
|COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
|EQU = equative degree
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|INS = instrument
|PST = past
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|CONV = conversive
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|TRZ = transitivizer
|-
|-
|
|3 = 3rd person
|ADV = adverb
|ADV = adverb
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
|PST = past
|VOC = vocative particle
|-
|-
|
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|DIM = diminutive
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|OCC = occupation suffix
|LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
|RPRF = recent perfective
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|IMP = imperative
|PP = patient (past) participle
|M = masculine
|SBJ = subjunctive
|QUOT = direct quotation
|
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRF = perfect
|OCC = occupation suffix
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|RPR = recent perfective
|
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IND = indicative
|IND = indicative
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|VBLZ = verbalizer
|}
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|PST = past
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|
|ADV = adverb
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|OCC = occupation suffix
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|PP = patient (past) participle
|PP = patient (past) participle
|SBJ = subjunctive
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IND = indicative
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|
|
|}
|}
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*'''2a.''' '''nááru''' (''with past tense'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
*'''2a.''' '''nááru''' (''with past tense'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
*I was still hungry, so I asked for more food.
*I was still hungry, so I asked for more food.
*'''mu éstu gǫ̋fu e-vűűa—nááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom e-ı̋ga:'''
*'''mu ódu gősu e-vűűa—nááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom e-ı̋ga:'''


:{|
:{|
!m-u||éstu||gǫ̋f-u||e=vűű-a||nááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||e=ı̋g-a
!m-u||ódu||gős-u||e=vűű-a||nááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||e=ı̋g-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||still||hungry-N.s||PST=be.IND||so||ELT~more-ABS||food-A.s||PST=ask.for-IND
|1s-N||still||hungry-N.s||PST=be.IND||so||ELT~more-ABS||food-A.s||PST=ask.for-IND
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*'''2b.''' '''sááru''' (''with present and future tenses'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
*'''2b.''' '''sááru''' (''with present and future tenses'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
*I'm still hungry, so I'll ask  for more food.
*I'm still hungry, so I'll ask  for more food.
*'''mu éstu gǫ̋fu vűűa—sááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom u-ı̋ga:'''
*'''mu ódu gősu vűűa—sááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom u-ı̋ga:'''
:{|
:{|
!m-u||éstu||gǫ̋f-u||vűű-a||sááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||u=ı̋g-a
!m-u||ódu||gős-u||vűű-a||sááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||u=ı̋g-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||still||hungry-N.s||be.IND||so||ELT~more-ABS||food-A.s||FUT=ask.for-IND
|1s-N||still||hungry-N.s||be.IND||so||ELT~more-ABS||food-A.s||FUT=ask.for-IND
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!le̋ið-l-u||kéþu||dűb-u||e=e̋s-a||m̨úmi||éȝ-us||áv-vi||éȝ-um||e=kűűs-a
!le̋ið-l-u||kéþu||dűb-u||e=e̋s-a||m̨úmi||éȝ-us||áv-vi||éȝ-um||e=kűűs-a
|-
|-
|act-AG-N.s||so||good-N.s||PST-be-IND||(with the result) that||they-N.p||immediate-ADV||he-A.s||PST=hire-IND
|act-AG-N.s||so||good-N.s||PST-be-IND||(with the result) that||3-N.p||immediate-ADV||3-A.s||PST=hire-IND
|}
|}


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*'''4.''' '''ítu''' – In a particular manner.
*'''4.''' '''ítu''' – In a particular manner.
*If you mean that, then say so.
*If you mean that, then say so.
*'''ébi tu nom name̋ȝa—toár' ítu te̋e̋e:'''
*'''ébi tu nom name̋ȝa—toári ítu te̋e̋e:'''
:{|
:{|
!ébi||t-u||n-om||nam-e̋ȝa||toár-'||ítu||te̋e̋-e
!ébi||t-u||n-om||nam-e̋ȝa||toári||ítu||te̋e̋-e
|-
|-
|if||2s-N||that-A.s||mean-SBJ||then-ELIS||so||say-IMP
|if||2s-N||that-A.s||mean-SBJ||then||so||say-IMP
|}
|}


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*'''5.''' '''épi''' - In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned.
*'''5.''' '''épi''' - In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned.
*(Just) as you have free speech, so have I.
*(Just) as you have free speech, so have I.
*'''(kísu) épi tu še̋e̋va ȝe̋kam űda—épi mu űda:'''
*'''sómi tu še̋e̋va ȝe̋kam ƣe̋va— sómi mu ƣe̋va:'''
:{|
:{|
!kísu||épi|t-u|||še̋e̋va-Ø||ȝe̋k-am||űd-a||épi||m-u||űd-a
!sómi||t-u|||še̋e̋va-Ø||ȝe̋k-am||ƣe̋v-a||sómi||m-u||ƣe̋v-a
|-
|-
|just||as||2s.N||free-ABS||speech-A.s||own-IND||so||1s-N||own-IND
|as||2s.N||free-ABS||speech-A.s||have-IND||so||1s-N||have-IND
|}
|}


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*'''6.''' '''m̃e̋e̋ri''' – True, accurate.
*'''6.''' '''m̃e̋e̋ri''' – True, accurate.
*What you have said is so.
*What you have said is so.
*'''nom táom tu tĭte̋e̋a—m̃e̋e̋ro e̋sa:'''
*'''nom—táom tu tĭte̋e̋a—m̃e̋e̋ro e̋sa:'''
:{|
:{|
!n-om||tá-om||t-u||tĭ~te̋e̋-i||m̃e̋e̋r-o||e̋s-a
!n-om||tá-om||t-u||tĭ~te̋e̋-i||m̃e̋e̋r-o||e̋s-a

Revision as of 17:32, 27 June 2019

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural ABL = ablative suffix COL = collective EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PRF = perfect SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix PRV = privative prefix TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative LAT = lative suffix PST = past VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future LOC = locative suffix Q = interrogative particle
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative OCC = occupation suffix RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EP = epenthesis IND = indicative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive


Conjunction

  • 1. táádi - In order that
  • Do your homework so (that) you can go out and play.
  • tu-nomva̋gom þűke—táádi bu a̋tuke̬ le̋iduke̬ ma̋ƣa:
tu=nom-va̋g-om þűk-e táádi bu a̋t-u=ke̬ le̋id-u=ke̬ ma̋ƣ-a
your=home-assignment-A.s finish-IMP so out go-SUP=and play-SUP=and be.able-IND


  • 2a. nááru (with past tense) – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
  • I was still hungry, so I asked for more food.
  • mu ódu gősu e-vűűa—nááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom e-ı̋ga:
m-u ódu gős-u e=vűű-a nááru mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø e̋d-om e=ı̋g-a
1s-N still hungry-N.s PST=be.IND so ELT~more-ABS food-A.s PST=ask.for-IND


  • 2b. sááru (with present and future tenses) – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
  • I'm still hungry, so I'll ask for more food.
  • mu ódu gősu vűűa—sááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom u-ı̋ga:
m-u ódu gős-u vűű-a sááru mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø e̋d-om u=ı̋g-a
1s-N still hungry-N.s be.IND so ELT~more-ABS food-A.s FUT=ask.for-IND


Adverb

3. kéþu- To the (explicitly stated) extent that.

  • The actor was so good (that) they hired him immediately.
  • le̋iðlu kéþu dűbu e-e̋sa. m̨úmi éȝus áv̈i éȝum e-kűűsa:
le̋ið-l-u kéþu dűb-u e=e̋s-a m̨úmi éȝ-us áv-vi éȝ-um e=kűűs-a
act-AG-N.s so good-N.s PST-be-IND (with the result) that 3-N.p immediate-ADV 3-A.s PST=hire-IND


  • 4. ítu – In a particular manner.
  • If you mean that, then say so.
  • ébi tu nom name̋ȝa—toári ítu te̋e̋e:
ébi t-u n-om nam-e̋ȝa toári ítu te̋e̋-e
if 2s-N that-A.s mean-SBJ then so say-IMP


  • 5. épi - In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned.
  • (Just) as you have free speech, so have I.
  • sómi tu še̋e̋va ȝe̋kam ƣe̋va— sómi mu ƣe̋va:
sómi t-u še̋e̋va-Ø ȝe̋k-am ƣe̋v-a sómi m-u ƣe̋v-a
as 2s.N free-ABS speech-A.s have-IND so 1s-N have-IND


Adjective

  • 6. m̃e̋e̋ri – True, accurate.
  • What you have said is so.
  • nom—táom tu tĭte̋e̋a—m̃e̋e̋ro e̋sa:
n-om tá-om t-u tĭ~te̋e̋-i m̃e̋e̋r-o e̋s-a
that-A.s which-A.s 2s-N PRF~say-IND so-N.s be-IND


  • 7. repeat adjective – In that state, with that attribute.
  • Although the house is warm, it will remain so only with the door closed.
  • sáámi m̃e̋e̋so te̋po vűűa—sóólvi pa̋xo ðurős ha te̋po u-še̋da:
sáámi m̃e̋e̋s-o te̋p-o vűű-a sóól-vi pa̋xo-Ø ður-ős ha te̋p-o u=še̋d-a
although house-N.s warm-N.s be-IND only-ADV closed-ABS door-G.s because.of warm-N.s FUT=remain-IND
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