User:Melroch/Rhodrese: Difference between revisions
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(Updated vowels table, consonant table to come) |
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This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language. However at a later time there is vowel mutation by a high or low vowel (''a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū''), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of ''-a'' being reduced to ''-e'' {{IPA|[ə]}}. Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation. This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved {{IPA|[ai̥]}} ending — or did an ending pronounced {{IPA|[æ]}} cause such a 'double' mutation? | This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language. However at a later time there is vowel mutation by a high or low vowel (''a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū''), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of ''-a'' being reduced to ''-e'' {{IPA|[ə]}}. Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation. This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved {{IPA|[ai̥]}} ending — or did an ending pronounced {{IPA|[æ]}} cause such a 'double' mutation? | ||
{| class="gridtable" | |||
{| | |||
|+ Stressed vowels | |+ Stressed vowels | ||
! Latin | ! Latin | ||
! VL | ! VL | ||
! W. Rmc. | ! W. Rmc. | ||
! No mut. | ! No mut. | ||
! a-mut. | ! a-mut. | ||
! i-mut | ! i-mut | ||
! a/i-mut. | ! a/i-mut. | ||
! u-mut. | ! u-mut. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ī'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ī'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | '' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ị'' | ||
| ''ĭ'' | | ''ĭ'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''i'' | ||
| '' | | ''e'' | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i'' | ||
| ''i'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''iu > eu'' {{IPA|/y/}} | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''eu'' {{IPA|/y/}} | '' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ī'' | | ''ī'' | ||
| ''ie'' | | ''ie'' | ||
|- | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĭ'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĭ'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | '' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''į'' | ||
| ''ẹ̆'' | | ''ẹ̆'' | ||
| ''e'' | | ''e'' | ||
| ''e'' | | ''e'' | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i'' | ||
| ''i'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''oe | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | '' | ''{{IPA|/ø/}} ''> | ||
|- | e'' | ||
|- | |||
| ''ẹ̄'' | | ''ẹ̄'' | ||
| ''ei'' | | ''ei'' | ||
| ''ie'' | | ''ie'' | ||
|- | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ē'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ē'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ẹ'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ẹ'' | ||
| Line 45: | Line 43: | ||
| ''e'' | | ''e'' | ||
| ''e'' | | ''e'' | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i'' | ||
| ''i'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''oe'' > e'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | '' | |- | ||
|- | |||
| ''ẹ̄'' | | ''ẹ̄'' | ||
| ''ei'' | | ''ei'' | ||
| ''ie'' | | ''ie'' | ||
|- | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĕ'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ĕ'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | '' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ę'' | ||
| '' | | ''ę̆'' | ||
| ''e'' | | ''e'' | ||
| ''e'' | | ''e'' | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''i'' | ||
| ''i'' | | ''oe''> e'' | ||
| ''oe'' | |- | ||
|- | | ''ę̄'' | ||
| '' | |||
| ''ie'' | | ''ie'' | ||
| ''ie'' | | ''ie'' | ||
| '' | | ''ue | ||
''{{IPA|/yø/ > /ye}} | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
| ''ă, ā'' | | ''ă, ā'' | ||
| ''a'' | | ''a'' | ||
| Line 75: | Line 69: | ||
| ''a'' | | ''a'' | ||
| ''a'' | | ''a'' | ||
| ''ae | | colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''ae ''{{IPA|/æ/}}'' > e'' | ||
''{{IPA|/æ/}}'' | |||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŏ'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŏ'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | '' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ǫ'' | ||
| '' | | ''ǫ̆'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''e'' | ||
| ''e'' | |||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''ǭ'' | ||
| ''uo'' | | ''uo'' | ||
| ''uo'' | | ''uo'' | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''ue'' | ||
| ''ue'' | |||
| ''uo'' | | ''uo'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ō'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ō'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ọ'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ọ'' | ||
| '' | | ''ọ̆'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
| | | colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''oe > e'' | ||
| ''oe | |||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ọ̄'' | | ''ọ̄'' | ||
| ''ou'' | | ''ou'' | ||
| Line 111: | Line 100: | ||
| ''ue'' | | ''ue'' | ||
| ''ou'' | | ''ou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŭ'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ŭ'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ų'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ų'' | ||
| '' | | ''ọ̆'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
| ''oe | | colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''oe > e''<br>'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ọ̄'' | | ''ọ̄'' | ||
| ''ou'' | | ''ou'' | ||
| Line 127: | Line 115: | ||
| ''ue'' | | ''ue'' | ||
| ''ou'' | | ''ou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ū'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ū'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ụ'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''ụ'' | ||
| Line 133: | Line 121: | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u'' | ||
| ''o'' | | ''o'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''eu'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''iu > eu'' | ||
| ''oe | | ''oe > e'' | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u'' | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''u'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ū'' | | ''ū'' | ||
| ''uo'' | | ''uo'' | ||
Revision as of 03:24, 11 August 2006
This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language. However at a later time there is vowel mutation by a high or low vowel (a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of -a being reduced to -e [ə]. Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation. This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved [ai̥] ending — or did an ending pronounced [æ] cause such a 'double' mutation?
| Latin | VL | W. Rmc. | No mut. | a-mut. | i-mut | a/i-mut. | u-mut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ī | ị | ĭ | i | e | i | iu > eu /y/
| |
| ī | ie | ||||||
| ĭ | į | ẹ̆ | e | e | i | oe
/ø/ > e | |
| ẹ̄ | ei | ie | |||||
| ē | ẹ | ẹ̆ | e | e | i | oe > e | |
| ẹ̄ | ei | ie | |||||
| ĕ | ę | ę̆ | e | e | i | oe> e | |
| ę̄ | ie | ie | ue
/yø/ > /ye | ||||
| ă, ā | a | a | a | a | ae /æ/ > e | o | |
| ŏ | ǫ | ǫ̆ | o | o | e | o | |
| ǭ | uo | uo | ue | uo | |||
| ō | ọ | ọ̆ | o | o | oe > e | o | |
| ọ̄ | ou | uo | eu | ue | ou | ||
| ŭ | ų | ọ̆ | o | o | oe > e |
o | |
| ọ̄ | ou | uo | eu | ue | ou | ||
| ū | ụ | ŭ | u | o | iu > eu | oe > e | u |
| ū | uo | ue | |||||
Consonants:
Intervocalic b > v; g' > j i; p, t, k', k > b, d, g', g but tj, kj > voiceless ts, gj > [dʒ] gi. Unpalatalized original g tends to disappear.
Initial k', kj, tj > ts c(i); initial g', gj > [dʒ] (g)i.
dj in all positions > [dz] z.
ct > [tʃ] spelled x, while actual x = ks > s or undergoes metathesis to sk, which may be palatalized to [ʃ] 'sc(i) along with original sc.
Voiced stops and affricates ending up final after the loss of final vowels become devoiced, spelled p, t, z [ts] (later ç), (i)x [tʃ], c.
Final [ʃ] is spelled V(i)ss/Vis, later sç, with occasionally sz/sx in early texts.
Word initial ie, ue, uo are spelled hie, hue, huo, since the normal medieval pronunciation of initial prevocalic i, u was j, v.
The vowels [æ] ae and [ø] oe were found in the earliest texts, but later merged with e, while [y] eu and. The spelling ue remained, but probably shifted from [yø] to [ye].
A k, g, sk before a front vowel that arose through mutation wasn't palatalized. They are spelled ch, gh, sch.
