Senjecas - still

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural	V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	COL = collective	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	CONV = conversive	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	Q = interrogative particle
	ADV = adverb	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation
	AG = agent	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	OCC = occupation suffix	RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	PP = patient (past) participle	SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	INC = inchoative	PRF = perfect	SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	ELT = elative	IND = indicative	PRV = privative prefix	VBLZ = verbalizer

Verb

• 1. k̬ı̋ı̋la - calm down, quiet
• The Lord stilled the raging sea.
• ande̋ru ra̋vante ma̋rem e-k̬ı̋ı̋la:

ande̋r-u	ra̋v-a-nte-Ø	ma̋r-em	e=k̬ı̋ı̋l-a
lord-N.s	rage-IND-AP-ABS	sea-A.s	PST=still-IND

• 2. seiba̋ða - cause to fall by drops
• The winter warmth stilled the icicles.
• hema̋s te̋fta ṡ̨a̋a̋ton seiba̋ða:

hem-a̋s	te̋ft-a	ṡ̨a̋a̋t-on	seib-a̋ð-a
winter-G.s	warmth-N.s	icicle-A.p	drip-CAUS-IND

Noun

• 3. k̬ı̋ı̋lta – a period of calm or silence
• In the still of the night, Jesus was born.
• ȝe̋su laata̋s k̬iilta̋s éna e-że̋na:

ȝe̋s-u	laat-a̋s	k̬iilt-a̋s	éna	e=że̋n-a
Jesus-N.s	night-G.s	still(ness)-G.s	in	PST=be.born-IND

• 4. te̋e̋ƣlo – a device for distilling liquids
• The still burst and its contents splashed everywhere.
• te̋e̋ƣlo e-na̋ba da éȝu-ge̋raþos visáru e-gűűsa:

te̋e̋ƣ-l-o	e=na̋b-a	da	éȝu=ge̋r-a-þ-os	visáru	e=gűűs-a
distill-AG-N.s	PST=burst-IND	and	its=hold-IND-PP-N.s	everywhere	PST=spill-IND

Adjective

• 5. k̬ı̋ı̋li – not moving, calm
• The children became still when they heard the noise.
• ṡɪ̋ṡus k̬ı̋ı̋lus e-ɪ̋la—méti þı̋mom e-ve̋na:

ṡɪ̋ṡ-us	k̬ı̋ı̋l-us	e=ɪ̋l-a	méti	þı̋m-om	e=ve̋n-a
child-N.p	still-N.p	PST=become-IND	when	noise-A.s	PST=hear-IND

• 6. albőőuli - not effervescing; not sparkling
• I prefer a still wine to a bubbly one.
• mu bőőulro m̃einős þóós' albőőulro m̃e̋inom ne̋la:

m-u	bőőulro-Ø	m̃ein-ős	þóós-'	al=bőőulro-Ø	m̃e̋in-om	ne̋l-a
1s-N	bubbly-ABS	wine-G.s	as.opposed.to-ELIS	PRV-bubbly-ABS	wine-A.s	prefer-IND

• 7. sa̋a̋mi – silent
• After the deafening noise, all was still.
• őro ƣomős pósa sa̋a̋mo e-vűűa

őr-o	ƣom-ős	pósa	sa̋a̋m-o	e=vűű-a
all-N.s	loud.noise-G.s	after	silent-N.s	PST=be-IND

Adverb

• 8. k̬íílvi - without motion
• They stood still until the guard turned the corner.
• éȝus k̬íílvi e-ṡűra—sííra dı̋slu żőőkom e-sűka:

éȝ-us	k̬ííl-vi	e=ṡűr-a	sííra	dı̋s-l-u	żőők-om	e=sűk-a
they-N.s	still-ADV	PST=stand-IND	until	guard-AG-N.s	corner-A.s	PST=turn-IND

• 9. éstu - Up to a time, as in the preceding time, yet.
• Is it still raining?
• éstu sűűm̃ame:

éstu	sűűm̃-a-me
still	rain-IND-Q

• 10. estítu – to an even greater degree.
• I am tall. My brother is taller. My father is still/even taller.
• mu gőxu vűűa: mu-ża̋mu gŭgőxu vűűa: mu-ta̋a̋ta estítu gŭgőxu vűűa:

m-u	gőx-u	vűű-a	mu=ża̋m-u	gŭ~gőx-u	vűű-a	mu=ta̋a̋t-a	estítu	gŭ~gőx-u	vűű-a
1s-N	tall-N.s	be-IND	my=brother-N.s	ELT~tall-N.s	be-IND	my=father-N.s	still	ELT~tall-N.s	be-IND

• 11. sáámu – nevertheless
• It is raining; still I'll go to the bakery.
• sűűm̃a—mu sáámu vooƣde̋mom do u-a̋ta:

sűűm̃-a	m-u	sáámu	vooƣ-de̋m-om	do	u=a̋t-a
rain-IND	1s-N	still	bake-building-A.s	to	FUT=go-IND

• 12. éstu – even, yet
• Some dogs howl, still more bark.
• tı̋ı̋ðe na̋a̋ȝes ƣűma. éstu mĭme̋e̋es la̋a̋a:

tı̋ı̋ðe-Ø	na̋a̋ȝ-es	ƣűm-a	éstu	mĭ~me̋e̋-es	la̋a̋-a
some-ABS	dog-N.p	howl-IND	still	ELT~much-N.p	bark-IND