Senjecas - with: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Pronunciation chart: Orthography revision.)
m (Grammar corrections. Style revison. Glossing table updated.)
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===Pronunciation table===
==Pronunciation table==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
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===Glossing abbreviations===
==Glossing abbreviations==
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = knment
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|PST = past
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|
|ADV = adverb
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|OCC = occupation suffix
|RPRF = recent perfective
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|PP = patient (past) participle
|SBJ = subjunctive
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IND = indicative
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|
|
|}
|}




*1. '''þóósa''' - against  
*'''1.''' '''þóósa''' - against  
::'''(nu) nu-ża̋mum þóósa e-ṡa̋ta:'''
*He was fighting with his brother.
::He was fighting with his brother.
*'''(éȝu) éȝu-ża̋mum þóósa e-ṡa̋ta:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!éȝ-u||éȝu=ża̋m-um||þóósa||e=ṡa̋t-a
!n-u||nu=ża̋m-um||þóósa||e=ṡa̋t-a
|-
|-
|3-N.s||his=brother-A.s||against||PST=fight-IND
|he-N.s||his=brother-A.s||against||PST=fight-IND
|}
|}




*2. '''súna''' - in the company of
*'''2.''' '''súna''' - in the company of
::'''(nu) nu-vı̋lon súna e-ǧe̋ma:'''
*He came with his friends.
::He came with his friends.
*'''(éȝu) éȝu-vı̋lon súna e-ǧe̋ma:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!éȝ-u||éȝu=vı̋l-on||súna||e=ǧe̋m-a
!n-u||nu=vı̋l-on||súna||e=ǧe̋m-a
|-
|-
|3-N.s||his=friend-A.p||with||PST=come-IND
|he-N.s||his=friend-A.p||with||PST=come-IND
|}
|}




*3. '''éta''' - in addition to; as an accessory to
*'''3.''' '''éta''' - in addition to; as an accessory to
::'''ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:'''
*The cowboy bought the horse (along) with the saddle.
::The cowboy bought the horse (along) with the saddle.
*'''ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ȝun-ta̋ð-l-u||xir-ős||éta||mőr-em||e=sa̋-a:
!ȝun-ta̋ð-l-u||xir-ős||éta||mőr-em||e=sa̋-a:
|-
|-
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*4. '''ríza''' - in support of
*'''4.''' '''ríza''' - in support of
::'''m̃us i-daarős éna tús ríza e̋sa:'''
*We are with you in this task.
::We are with you in this task.
*'''m̃us i-daarős éna tús ríza e̋sa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m̃-us||i=daar-ős||éna||t-ús||ríza||e̋s-a
!m̃-us||i=daar-ős||éna||t-ús||ríza||e̋s-a
|-
|-
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*5. '''xéma''' - by means or agency of
*'''5.'' '''xéma''' - by means or agency of
::'''siimlős xéma nom sı̋ı̋me:'''
*Cut that with a knife.
::Cut that with a knife.
*'''siimlős xéma nom sı̋ı̋me:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!siim-l-ős||xéma||n-om||sı̋ı̋m-e
!siim-l-ős||xéma||n-om||sı̋ı̋m-e
|-
|-
|cut-INS-G.s||with||3-A.s||cut-IMP
|cut-INS-G.s||with||that-A.s||cut-IMP
|}
|}




*6. '''šéða''' - Having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.
*'''6.''' '''šéða''' - Having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.
::'''mu-gűsu nihős šéða m̃ı̋ru e̋sa:'''
*My uncle is the man with the beard.
::My uncle is the man with the beard.
*'''mu-gűsu nihős šéða m̃ı̋ru e̋sa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!mu=gűs-u||bisar-ős||šéða||m̃ı̋r-u||e̋s-a
!mu=gűs-u||nih-ős||šéða||m̃ı̋r-u||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|my=uncle-N.s||beard-G.s||with||man-N.s||be-IND
|my=uncle-N.s||beard-G.s||with||man-N.s||be-IND
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*7. '''éȝa''' – in the charge or keeping of
*'''7.''' '''éȝa''' – in the charge or keeping of
::'''mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom u-te̋m̃a:'''
*I will leave this letter with the guard.
::I will leave this letter with the guard.
*'''mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom u-te̋m̃a:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||dis-l-űs||éȝa||i=mı̋þ-om||u=te̋m̃-a
!m-u||dis-l-űs||éȝa||i=mı̋þ-om||u=te̋m̃-a
|-
|-
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*8. '''n̨áxa''' – in spite of
*'''8.''' '''n̨áxa''' – in spite of
::'''mőre ne-m̃alta̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣom da̋bu fe̋e̋a:'''
*With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.
::With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.
*'''mőre eȝe-m̃alta̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣom da̋bu fe̋e̋a:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!mőr-e||eȝe=m̃alt-a̋s||n̨áxa||m̃e̋ƣ-om||da̋b-u||fe̋e̋-a
!mőr-e||ne=m̃alt-a̋s||n̨áxa||m̃e̋ƣ-om||da̋b-u||fe̋e̋-a
|-
|-
|horse-N.s||its=strength-G.s||with||wagon-A.s||pull-SUP||be.unable-IND
|horse-N.s||its=strength-G.s||with||wagon-A.s||pull-SUP||be.unable-IND
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*9. '''méta''' – at the same time as
*'''9.''' '''méta''' – at the same time as
::'''m̃ús ṡum̃aaȝa̋' suule̋s méta e̋e̋ge:'''
*Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.
::Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.
*'''m̃ús ṡum̃aaȝa̋' suule̋s méta e̋e̋ge:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m̃-ús||ṡum̃-aaȝ-a̋-'||suul-e̋s||méta||e̋e̋g-e
!m̃-ús||ṡum̃-aaȝ-a̋-'||suul-e̋s||méta||e̋e̋g-e
|-
|-
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*10. '''ha''' – as a result or a consequence of
*'''10.''' '''ha''' – as a result or a consequence of
::'''ǧe̋nus naaa̋s ha e-ðe̋la—méti e-na̋ka ve̋rem:'''
*The women trembled with fear when they saw the bear.
::The women trembled with fear when they saw the bear.
*'''ǧe̋nus naaa̋s ha e-ðe̋la—méti ve̋rem e-na̋ka:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ǧe̋n-us||naa-a̋s||ha||e=ðe̋l-a||méti||ve̋r-em||e=na̋k-a
!ǧe̋n-us||naa-a̋s||ha||e=ðe̋l-a||méti||ve̋r-em||e=na̋k-a
|-
|-
|woman-N.p||fear-G.s||with/because||PST=tremble-IND||when||bear-A.s||PST=see-IND
|woman-N.p||fear-G.s||with||PST=tremble-IND||when||bear-A.s||PST=see-IND
|}
|}




*11. '''túȝa''' – in relation to
*'''11.''' '''túȝa''' – in relation to
::'''pa̋l̨u sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:'''
*The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
::The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
*'''ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ne̋sk-u||sŭ~sűpo-Ø||din-ős||túȝa||sa̋a̋-a-þ-u||ɪ̋l-u||e=ke̋l-a
!pa̋l̨-u||sŭ~sűpo-Ø||din-ős||túȝa||sa̋a̋-a-þ-u||ɪ̋l-u||e=ke̋l-a
|-
|-
|girl-N.s||ELAT~last-ABS||prize-G.s||with||satisfy-IND-PP-N.s||become-SUP||PST=had.to-IND
|girl-N.s||ELT~last-ABS||prize-G.s||with||satisfy-IND-PP-N.s||become-SUP||PST=had.to-IND
|}
|}




*12. '''móóda''' – in a manner characterized by
*'''12.''' '''móóda''' – in a manner characterized by
::'''raaðta̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃um nı̋ı̋xe:'''
*Serve the Lord with gladness.
::Serve the Lord with gladness.
*'''raaðta̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃um nı̋ı̋xe:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!raaðt-a̋s||móóda||ȝa̋hm̃-um||nı̋ı̋x-e
!raaðt-a̋s||móóda||ȝa̋hm̃-um||nı̋ı̋x-e
|-
|-
|gladness-G.s||with||Lord-A.s||serve-IMP
|gladness-G.s||with||Lord-A.s||serve-IMP
|}
|}

Revision as of 17:04, 20 March 2018

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix Q = interrogative particle
ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future OCC = occupation suffix RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis INC = inchoative PRF = perfect SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) ELT = elative IND = indicative PRV = privative prefix


  • 1. þóósa - against
  • He was fighting with his brother.
  • (éȝu) éȝu-ża̋mum þóósa e-ṡa̋ta:
éȝ-u éȝu=ża̋m-um þóósa e=ṡa̋t-a
he-N.s his=brother-A.s against PST=fight-IND


  • 2. súna - in the company of
  • He came with his friends.
  • (éȝu) éȝu-vı̋lon súna e-ǧe̋ma:
éȝ-u éȝu=vı̋l-on súna e=ǧe̋m-a
he-N.s his=friend-A.p with PST=come-IND


  • 3. éta - in addition to; as an accessory to
  • The cowboy bought the horse (along) with the saddle.
  • ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:
ȝun-ta̋ð-l-u xir-ős éta mőr-em e=sa̋-a:
cow-herd-AG-N.s saddle-G.s with horse-A.s PST=buy-IND


  • 4. ríza - in support of
  • We are with you in this task.
  • m̃us i-daarős éna tús ríza e̋sa:
m̃-us i=daar-ős éna t-ús ríza e̋s-a
1p.N this=task-G.s in 2s-G with be-IND


  • '5. xéma - by means or agency of
  • Cut that with a knife.
  • siimlős xéma nom sı̋ı̋me:
siim-l-ős xéma n-om sı̋ı̋m-e
cut-INS-G.s with that-A.s cut-IMP


  • 6. šéða - Having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.
  • My uncle is the man with the beard.
  • mu-gűsu nihős šéða m̃ı̋ru e̋sa:
mu=gűs-u bisar-ős šéða m̃ı̋r-u e̋s-a
my=uncle-N.s beard-G.s with man-N.s be-IND


  • 7. éȝa – in the charge or keeping of
  • I will leave this letter with the guard.
  • mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom u-te̋m̃a:
m-u dis-l-űs éȝa i=mı̋þ-om u=te̋m̃-a
1s-N guard-AG-G.s with this=letter-A.s FUT=leave-IND


  • 8. n̨áxa – in spite of
  • With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.
  • mőre eȝe-m̃alta̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣom da̋bu fe̋e̋a:
mőr-e eȝe=m̃alt-a̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣ-om da̋b-u fe̋e̋-a
horse-N.s its=strength-G.s with wagon-A.s pull-SUP be.unable-IND


  • 9. méta – at the same time as
  • Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.
  • m̃ús ṡum̃aaȝa̋' suule̋s méta e̋e̋ge:
m̃-ús ṡum̃-aaȝ-a̋-' suul-e̋s méta e̋e̋g-e
1p-N tomorrow-morning-G.s-ELIS sun-G.s with arise-IMP


  • 10. ha – as a result or a consequence of
  • The women trembled with fear when they saw the bear.
  • ǧe̋nus naaa̋s ha e-ðe̋la—méti ve̋rem e-na̋ka:
ǧe̋n-us naa-a̋s ha e=ðe̋l-a méti ve̋r-em e=na̋k-a
woman-N.p fear-G.s with PST=tremble-IND when bear-A.s PST=see-IND


  • 11. túȝa – in relation to
  • The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
  • ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:
ne̋sk-u sŭ~sűpo-Ø din-ős túȝa sa̋a̋-a-þ-u ɪ̋l-u e=ke̋l-a
girl-N.s ELT~last-ABS prize-G.s with satisfy-IND-PP-N.s become-SUP PST=had.to-IND


  • 12. móóda – in a manner characterized by
  • Serve the Lord with gladness.
  • raaðta̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃um nı̋ı̋xe:
raaðt-a̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃-um nı̋ı̋x-e
gladness-G.s with Lord-A.s serve-IMP
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