Senjecas - still: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Pronunciation chart: Orthography revision.)
m (Grammar corrections. Style revison. Glossing table updated.)
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===Pronunciation table===
==Pronunciation table==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
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===Glossing abbreviations===
==Glossing abbreviations==
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
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|EQU = equative degree
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|PST = past
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|
|ADV = adverb
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|OCC = occupation suffix
|RPRF = recent perfective
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|PP = patient (past) participle
|SBJ = subjunctive
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IND = indicative
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|
|
|}
|}




===Verb===
==Verb==
*1. '''k̬ı̋ı̋la''' - calm down, quiet
*'''1.''' '''k̬ı̋ı̋la''' - calm down, quiet
::'''ande̋ru ra̋vante ma̋rem e-k̬ı̋ı̋la:'''
*The Lord stilled the raging sea.
::The Lord stilled the raging sea.
*'''ande̋ru ra̋vante ma̋rem e-k̬ı̋ı̋la:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ande̋r-u||ra̋v-a-nte-Ø||ma̋r-em||e=k̬ı̋ı̋l-a
!ande̋r-u||ra̋v-a-nte-Ø||ma̋r-em||e=k̬ı̋ı̋l-a
|-
|-
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*2. '''se̋ibu f̨űða''' - cause to fall by drops
*'''2.''' '''seiba̋ða''' - cause to fall by drops
::'''iða̋s pőlta ṡa̋a̋ton se̋ibu e-f̨űða:'''
*The winter warmth stilled the icicles.
::The winter warmth stilled the icicles.
*'''hema̋s te̋fta ṡ̨a̋a̋ton seiba̋ða:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!hem-a̋s||te̋ft-a||ṡ̨a̋a̋t-on||se̋ib-a̋ð-a
!ið-a̋s||pőlt-a||ṡa̋a̋t-on||se̋ib-u||e=f̨űð-a
|-
|-
|winter-G.s||warmth-N.s||icicle-A.p||drip-SUP||PST=cause-IND
|winter-G.s||warmth-N.s||icicle-A.p||drip-CAUS-IND
|}
|}




===Noun===
==Noun==
*3. '''k̬ı̋ı̋lta''' – a period of calm or silence
*'''3.''' '''k̬ı̋ı̋lta''' – a period of calm or silence
::'''ȝe̋su laata̋s k̬iilta̋s éna e-że̋na:'''
*In the still of the night, Jesus was born.
::In the still of the night, Jesus was born.
*'''ȝe̋su laata̋s k̬iilta̋s éna e-że̋na:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ȝe̋s-u||laat-a̋s||k̬iilt-a̋s||éna||e=że̋n-a
!ȝe̋s-u||laat-a̋s||k̬iilt-a̋s||éna||e=że̋n-a
|-
|-
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*4. '''te̋e̋ƣlo''' – a device for distilling liquids
*'''4.''' '''te̋e̋ƣlo''' – a device for distilling liquids
::'''te̋e̋ƣlo e-na̋ba da nu-ge̋raþos visáru e-gűűsa:'''
*The still burst and its contents splashed everywhere.
::The still burst and its contents splashed everywhere.
*'''te̋e̋ƣlo e-na̋ba da éȝu-ge̋raþos visáru e-gűűsa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!te̋e̋ƣ-l-o||e=na̋b-a||da||éȝu=ge̋r-a-þ-os||visáru||e=gűűs-a
!te̋e̋ƣ-l-o||e=na̋b-a||da||nu=ge̋r-a-þ-os||visáru||e=gűűs-a
|-
|-
|distill-AG-N.s||PST=burst-IND||and||its=hold-IND-PP-N.s||everywhere||PST=spill-IND
|distill-AG-N.s||PST=burst-IND||and||its=hold-IND-PP-N.s||everywhere||PST=spill-IND
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===Adjective===
==Adjective==
*5. '''k̬ı̋ı̋li''' – not moving, calm
*'''5.''' '''k̬ı̋ı̋li''' – not moving, calm
::'''ṡɪ̋ṡus k̬ı̋ı̋lus e-ɪ̋la. méti þı̋mom e-ve̋na:'''
*The children became still when they heard the noise.
::The children became still when they heard the noise.
*'''ṡɪ̋ṡus k̬ı̋ı̋lus e-ɪ̋la—méti þı̋mom e-ve̋na:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ṡɪ̋ṡ-us||k̬ı̋ı̋l-us||e=ɪ̋l-a||méti||þı̋m-om||e=ve̋n-a
!ṡɪ̋ṡ-us||k̬ı̋ı̋l-us||e=ɪ̋l-a||méti||þı̋m-om||e=ve̋n-a
|-
|-
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*6. '''albőőuli''' - not effervescing; not sparkling
*'''6.''' '''albőőuli''' - not effervescing; not sparkling
::'''mu bőőulanto m̃einős þóós' albőőulo m̃e̋inom ne̋la:'''
*I prefer a still wine to a bubbly one.
::I prefer a still wine to a bubbly one.
*'''mu bőőulro m̃einős þóós' albőőulro m̃e̋inom ne̋la:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||bőőulro-Ø||m̃ein-ős||þóós-'||al=bőőulro-Ø||m̃e̋in-om||ne̋l-a
!m-u||bőőul-a-nto-Ø||m̃ein-ős||þóós-'||al=bőőulo-Ø||m̃e̋in-om||ne̋l-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||bubble-IND-AP-ABS||wind-G.s||as.opposed.to||PRV-bubble-ABS||wine-A.s||prefer-IND
|1s-N||bubbly-ABS||wine-G.s||as.opposed.to-ELIS||PRV-bubbly-ABS||wine-A.s||prefer-IND
|}
|}




*7. '''sa̋a̋mi''' – silent
*'''7.''' '''sa̋a̋mi''' – silent
::'''őro ƣomős pósa sa̋a̋mo e-vűűa'''
*After the deafening noise, all was still.
::After the deafening noise, all was still.
*'''őro ƣomős pósa sa̋a̋mo e-vűűa'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!őr-o||ƣom-ős||pósa||sa̋a̋m-o||e=vűű-a
!őr-o||ƣom-ős||pósa||sa̋a̋m-o||e=vűű-a
|-
|-
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===Adverb===
==Adverb==
*8. '''k̬íílvi''' - without motion
*'''8.''' '''k̬íílvi''' - without motion
::'''nus k̬íílvi e-ṡűra. sííra dı̋slu żőőkom e-sűka:'''
*They stood still until the guard turned the corner.
::They stood still until the guard turned the corner.
*'''éȝus k̬íílvi e-ṡűra—sííra dı̋slu żőőkom e-sűka:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!éȝ-us||k̬ííl-vi||e=ṡűr-a||sííra||dı̋s-l-u||żőők-om||e=sűk-a
!n-us||k̬ííl-vi||e=ṡűr-a||sííra||dı̋s-l-u||żőők-om||e=sűk-a
|-
|-
|3.N.s||still-ADV||PST=stand-IND||until||guard-AG-N.s||corner-A.s||PST=turn-IND
|they-N.s||still-ADV||PST=stand-IND||until||guard-AG-N.s||corner-A.s||PST=turn-IND
|}
|}




*9. '''éstu''' - Up to a time, as in the preceding time, yet.
*'''9.''' '''éstu''' - Up to a time, as in the preceding time, yet.
::'''éstu sűűm̃ame:'''
*Is it still raining?
::Is it still raining?
*'''éstu sűűm̃ame:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!éstu||sűűm̃-a-me
!éstu||sűűm̃-a-me
|-
|-
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*10. '''estítu''' – to an even greater degree.
*'''10.''' '''estítu''' – to an even greater degree.
::'''mu gőxu vűűa: mu-ża̋mu gŭgőxu vűűa: mu-ta̋a̋ta estítu gŭgőxu vűűa:'''
*I am tall. My brother is taller. My father is still/even taller.
::I am tall. My brother is taller. My father is still/even taller.
*'''mu gőxu vűűa: mu-ża̋mu gŭgőxu vűűa: mu-ta̋a̋ta estítu gŭgőxu vűűa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||gőx-u||vűű-a||mu=ża̋m-u||gŭ~gőx-u||vűű-a||mu=ta̋a̋t-a||estítu||gŭ~gőx-u||vűű-a
!m-u||gőx-u||vűű-a||mu=ża̋m-u||gŭ~gőx-u||vűű-a||mu=ta̋a̋t-a||estítu||gŭ~gőx-u||vűű-a
|-
|-
|1s.N||tall-N.s||be-IND||my=brother-N.s||ELAT=tall-N.s||be-IND||my=father-N.s||still||ELAT~tall-N.s||be-IND
|1s-N||tall-N.s||be-IND||my=brother-N.s||ELT~tall-N.s||be-IND||my=father-N.s||still||ELT~tall-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}




*11. '''sáámu''' – nevertheless
*'''11.''' '''sáámu''' – nevertheless
::'''sűűm̃a. mu sáámu vooƣde̋mom do u-a̋ta:'''
*It is raining; still I'll go to the bakery.
::It is raining; still I'll go to the bakery.
*'''sűűm̃a—mu sáámu vooƣde̋mom do u-a̋ta:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!sűűm̃-a||m-u||sáámu||vooƣ-de̋m-om||do||u=a̋t-a
!sűűm̃-a||m-u||sáámu||vooƣ-de̋m-om||do||u=a̋t-a
|-
|-
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*12. '''éstu''' – even, yet
*12. '''éstu''' – even, yet
::'''tı̋ı̋ðe na̋a̋ȝes ƣűma. éstu mĭme̋e̋es la̋a̋a:'''
*Some dogs howl, still more bark.
::Some dogs howl, still more bark.
*'''tı̋ı̋ðe na̋a̋ȝes ƣűma. éstu mĭme̋e̋es la̋a̋a:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!tı̋ı̋ðe-Ø||na̋a̋ȝ-es||ƣűm-a||éstu||mĭ~me̋e̋-es||la̋a̋-a
!tı̋ı̋ðe-Ø||na̋a̋ȝ-es||ƣűm-a||éstu||mĭ~me̋e̋-es||la̋a̋-a
|-
|-
|some-ABS||dog-N.p||howl-IND||still||ELAT~much-N.p||bark-IND
|some-ABS||dog-N.p||howl-IND||still||ELT~much-N.p||bark-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 13:06, 20 March 2018

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix Q = interrogative particle
ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future OCC = occupation suffix RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis INC = inchoative PRF = perfect SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) ELT = elative IND = indicative PRV = privative prefix


Verb

  • 1. k̬ı̋ı̋la - calm down, quiet
  • The Lord stilled the raging sea.
  • ande̋ru ra̋vante ma̋rem e-k̬ı̋ı̋la:
ande̋r-u ra̋v-a-nte-Ø ma̋r-em e=k̬ı̋ı̋l-a
lord-N.s rage-IND-AP-ABS sea-A.s PST=still-IND


  • 2. seiba̋ða - cause to fall by drops
  • The winter warmth stilled the icicles.
  • hema̋s te̋fta ṡ̨a̋a̋ton seiba̋ða:
hem-a̋s te̋ft-a ṡ̨a̋a̋t-on se̋ib-a̋ð-a
winter-G.s warmth-N.s icicle-A.p drip-CAUS-IND


Noun

  • 3. k̬ı̋ı̋lta – a period of calm or silence
  • In the still of the night, Jesus was born.
  • ȝe̋su laata̋s k̬iilta̋s éna e-że̋na:
ȝe̋s-u laat-a̋s k̬iilt-a̋s éna e=że̋n-a
Jesus-N.s night-G.s still(ness)-G.s in PST=be.born-IND


  • 4. te̋e̋ƣlo – a device for distilling liquids
  • The still burst and its contents splashed everywhere.
  • te̋e̋ƣlo e-na̋ba da éȝu-ge̋raþos visáru e-gűűsa:
te̋e̋ƣ-l-o e=na̋b-a da éȝu=ge̋r-a-þ-os visáru e=gűűs-a
distill-AG-N.s PST=burst-IND and its=hold-IND-PP-N.s everywhere PST=spill-IND


Adjective

  • 5. k̬ı̋ı̋li – not moving, calm
  • The children became still when they heard the noise.
  • ṡɪ̋ṡus k̬ı̋ı̋lus e-ɪ̋la—méti þı̋mom e-ve̋na:
ṡɪ̋ṡ-us k̬ı̋ı̋l-us e=ɪ̋l-a méti þı̋m-om e=ve̋n-a
child-N.p still-N.p PST=become-IND when noise-A.s PST=hear-IND


  • 6. albőőuli - not effervescing; not sparkling
  • I prefer a still wine to a bubbly one.
  • mu bőőulro m̃einős þóós' albőőulro m̃e̋inom ne̋la:
m-u bőőulro-Ø m̃ein-ős þóós-' al=bőőulro-Ø m̃e̋in-om ne̋l-a
1s-N bubbly-ABS wine-G.s as.opposed.to-ELIS PRV-bubbly-ABS wine-A.s prefer-IND


  • 7. sa̋a̋mi – silent
  • After the deafening noise, all was still.
  • őro ƣomős pósa sa̋a̋mo e-vűűa
őr-o ƣom-ős pósa sa̋a̋m-o e=vűű-a
all-N.s loud.noise-G.s after silent-N.s PST=be-IND


Adverb

  • 8. k̬íílvi - without motion
  • They stood still until the guard turned the corner.
  • éȝus k̬íílvi e-ṡűra—sííra dı̋slu żőőkom e-sűka:
éȝ-us k̬ííl-vi e=ṡűr-a sííra dı̋s-l-u żőők-om e=sűk-a
they-N.s still-ADV PST=stand-IND until guard-AG-N.s corner-A.s PST=turn-IND


  • 9. éstu - Up to a time, as in the preceding time, yet.
  • Is it still raining?
  • éstu sűűm̃ame:
éstu sűűm̃-a-me
still rain-IND-Q


  • 10. estítu – to an even greater degree.
  • I am tall. My brother is taller. My father is still/even taller.
  • mu gőxu vűűa: mu-ża̋mu gŭgőxu vűűa: mu-ta̋a̋ta estítu gŭgőxu vűűa:
m-u gőx-u vűű-a mu=ża̋m-u gŭ~gőx-u vűű-a mu=ta̋a̋t-a estítu gŭ~gőx-u vűű-a
1s-N tall-N.s be-IND my=brother-N.s ELT~tall-N.s be-IND my=father-N.s still ELT~tall-N.s be-IND


  • 11. sáámu – nevertheless
  • It is raining; still I'll go to the bakery.
  • sűűm̃a—mu sáámu vooƣde̋mom do u-a̋ta:
sűűm̃-a m-u sáámu vooƣ-de̋m-om do u=a̋t-a
rain-IND 1s-N still bake-building-A.s to FUT=go-IND


  • 12. éstu – even, yet
  • Some dogs howl, still more bark.
  • tı̋ı̋ðe na̋a̋ȝes ƣűma. éstu mĭme̋e̋es la̋a̋a:
tı̋ı̋ðe-Ø na̋a̋ȝ-es ƣűm-a éstu mĭ~me̋e̋-es la̋a̋-a
some-ABS dog-N.p howl-IND still ELT~much-N.p bark-IND
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