Senjecas - break: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
===Pronunciation table===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
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!g
!g
!x
!x
!ƣ
![[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
!h
!h
!ȝ
![[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
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|
|
|
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!õ
![[Wikipedia:Ogonek#Similar diacritics|ǫ]]
!o
!o
!u
!u
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|
|
|/ɪ/
|/ɪ/
|/ĕ/
|/ɛ/
|/ʊ/
|/ʊ/
|}
|}
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|3-N.s||cup-A.s||PST=break-IND
|3-N.s||cup-A.s||PST=break-IND
|}
|}


*2. '''le̋ma''' - crack or fracture under a physical strain
*2. '''le̋ma''' - crack or fracture under a physical strain
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|boy-N.s||ice-A.s||on||PST=slip-IND||and||leg-A.s||PST=break-IND
|boy-N.s||ice-A.s||on||PST=slip-IND||and||leg-A.s||PST=break-IND
|}
|}


*3. '''pűla''' - divide something into smaller units
*3. '''pűla''' - divide something into smaller units
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|merchant-N.s||ELT~small-ABS||parcel-A.p||into||bundle-A.s||PST=divide-IND
|merchant-N.s||ELT~small-ABS||parcel-A.p||into||bundle-A.s||PST=divide-IND
|}
|}


*4. '''dusre̋e̋da''' - crush the spirit
*4. '''dusre̋e̋da''' - crush the spirit
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|torture-G.s||this=method-N.s||surely||prisoner-A.s||FUT=dis-=cheer-IND
|torture-G.s||this=method-N.s||surely||prisoner-A.s||FUT=dis-=cheer-IND
|}
|}


*5. '''dőma''' - cause to lose the will
*5. '''dőma''' - cause to lose the will
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|2s-N||horse-A.s||break-SUP||must-IND||before||ride-SUP||be.able-IND
|2s-N||horse-A.s||break-SUP||must-IND||before||ride-SUP||be.able-IND
|}
|}


*6. '''ðe̋ża''' - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate  
*6. '''ðe̋ża''' - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate  
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|explosion-N.s||silence-A.s||PST=break-IND
|explosion-N.s||silence-A.s||PST=break-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''lı̋ða''' - violate, not adhere to
*7. '''lı̋ða''' - violate, not adhere to
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|M=3-N.s||F=3-G.s||to||his=promise-A.s||PST=break-IND
|M=3-N.s||F=3-G.s||to||his=promise-A.s||PST=break-IND
|}
|}


*8. '''m̃ine̋uda''' - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
*8. '''m̃ine̋uda''' - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
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|my=heart-ELIS||be.overwhelmed.with.grief-IND
|my=heart-ELIS||be.overwhelmed.with.grief-IND
|}
|}


*2. '''de̋usa''' - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
*2. '''de̋usa''' - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
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|his=fever-N.s||dawn-G.s||at||PST=stop-IND
|his=fever-N.s||dawn-G.s||at||PST=stop-IND
|}
|}


*3. '''vı̋ra''' - collapse into surf
*3. '''vı̋ra''' - collapse into surf
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|}
|}


*4. '''þűka''' - end of a storm or spell of weather
 
4. '''þűka''' - end of a storm or spell of weather
::'''mu-ȝa tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þuke̋ȝa-ı̋ṡa:'''
::'''mu-ȝa tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þuke̋ȝa-ı̋ṡa:'''
::I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
::I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
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|}
|}


*5. '''żűka''' - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily
 
5. '''żűka''' - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily
::'''m̃ú żűke: pósu náánu tőde:'''
::'''m̃ú żűke: pósu náánu tőde:'''
::Let's (take a) break, then start again.
::Let's (take a) break, then start again.

Revision as of 11:38, 20 October 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Transitive

  • 1. le̋ma - separate into two or more pieces
nu gı̋ndom e-le̋ma:
She broke the cup.
n-u gı̋nd-om e=le̋m-a
3-N.s cup-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 2. le̋ma - crack or fracture under a physical strain
hűsu ȝe̋gom éna e-pı̋za da la̋kom e-le̋ma:
The boy slipped on the ice and broke (his) leg.
hűs-u ȝe̋g-om éna e=pı̋z-a da la̋k-om e=le̋m-a
boy-N.s ice-A.s on PST=slip-IND and leg-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 3. pűla - divide something into smaller units
k̬a̋pu pĭpı̋no de̋e̋gon éna műűtom e-pűla:
The merchant broke the bundle into smaller parcels.
k̬a̋p-u pĭ~pı̋no-Ø de̋e̋g-on éna műűt-om e=pűl-a
merchant-N.s ELT~small-ABS parcel-A.p into bundle-A.s PST=divide-IND


  • 4. dusre̋e̋da - crush the spirit
gunős i-mőődo kísu kőlaþum u-dusre̋e̋da:
This method of torture will surely break the prisoner.
gunős i=mőőd-o kísu kőlaþ-um u=dus=re̋e̋d-a
torture-G.s this=method-N.s surely prisoner-A.s FUT=dis-=cheer-IND


  • 5. dőma - cause to lose the will
tu mőrem dőmu ke̋la. fési mı̋mu ma̋a̋ƣa:
You have to break a horse before you can ride.
t-u mőr-em dőm-u ke̋l-a fési mı̋m-u ma̋a̋ƣ-a
2s-N horse-A.s break-SUP must-IND before ride-SUP be.able-IND


  • 6. ðe̋ża - interrupt; destroy the continuity of; dissolve or terminate
na̋bo sa̋a̋mom e-ðe̋ża:
The explosion broke the silence.
na̋b-o sa̋a̋m-om e=ðe̋ż-a
explosion-N.s silence-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 7. lı̋ða - violate, not adhere to
ur-su ii-nús o su-k̬e̋tom e-lı̋ða:
He broke his promise to her.
ur=s-u ii=n-ús o su=k̬e̋t-om e=lı̋ð-a
M=3-N.s F=3-G.s to his=promise-A.s PST=break-IND


  • 8. m̃ine̋uda - stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether
tu k̨őőrlom m̃ine̋udame:
Did you break the churn?
t-u k̨őőrl-om m̃i=ne̋ud-a=me
2s-N churn-A.s CONV=utilize-IND=Q
  • 9. pa̋xa - interrupt (a fall) by inserting something so that the falling object not hit something else beneath
nu tűngom úúda ı̋tom e-t̬ı̋ɫa. hi ne̋ri dűűsis su-főőlom e-pa̋xa:
He survived the jump out the window because the bushes below broke his fall.
n-u tűng-om úúda ı̋t-om e=t̬ı̋ɫ-a hi ne̋ri-Ø dűűs-is su=főől-om e=pa̋x-a
3-N.s window-A.s out.of jump-A.s PST=survive-IND because below-ABS bush-N.p his=fall-A.s PST=stop-IND


Intransitive

  • 1. őna - be overwhelmed with sorrow or grief
mu-sűð' őna:
My heart is breaking.
mu=sűð-' őn-a
my=heart-ELIS be.overwhelmed.with.grief-IND


  • 2. de̋usa - pass the most dangerous part of the illness
su-ðe̋ɫo vaiƣa̋s éna e-de̋usa:
His fever broke at dawn.
su=ðe̋ɫ-o vaiƣ-a̋s éna e=de̋us-a
his=fever-N.s dawn-G.s at PST=stop-IND


  • 3. vı̋ra - collapse into surf
mu k̨űdom éna vı̋ranto da̋lo' na̋ka:
I see waves breaking on the shore.
m-u k̨űd-om éna vı̋r-a-nto-Ø da̋l-o-' na̋k-a
1s-N shore-A.s on collapse-IND-AP-ABS wave-A.p-ELIS see-IND


4. þűka - end of a storm or spell of weather

mu-ȝa tı̋ı̋þo i-la̋þo m̃u-taƣős fésa þuke̋ȝa-ı̋ṡa:
I hope this hot weather breaks before our trip.
m-u ȝa tı̋ı̋þo-Ø i=la̋þ-o m̃u=taƣ-ős fésa þuk-e̋ȝa ı̋ṡ-a
1s-N REL hot-ABS this=weather-N.s our=trip-G.s before finish-SBJ hope-IND


5. żűka - interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily

m̃ú żűke: pósu náánu tőde:
Let's (take a) break, then start again.
m̃-ú żűk-e pósu náánu tőd-e
1p-V pause-IMP then again begin-IMP
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