Senjecas - with: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
===Pronunciation table===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
!f
!f
!v
!v
!ƿ
!m̃
!m
!m
|
|
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!þ
!þ
!ð
!ð
!ł
!ɫ
!l
!l
|
|
|
|
!c
!ṡ
!ƶ
!ż
!s
!s
!z
!z
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!g
!g
!x
!x
!ᵹ
!ƣ
!h
!h
!ȝ
!ȝ
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|
|
!š
!š
!ṡ
!s̨
|
|
|
|
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!ɔ
!õ
!o
!o
!u
!u
|
|
|
|
!ı
!ĭ
!ɛ
!ĕ
!y
!ŭ
|-
|-
|/p/
|/p/
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|/ɸ/
|/ɸ/
|/β/
|/β/
|/m̊/
|/m̥/
|/m/
|/m/
|
|
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|/ɪ/
|/ĭ/
|/ɛ/
|/ĕ/
|/ʊ/
|/ʊ/
|}
|}




*1. '''þǫ́sa''' - against
===Glossing abbreviations===
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = knment
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}


::'''nu nús ƶa̋mum þǫ́sa e-ca̋ta:'''
 
*1. '''þóósa''' - against
::'''(nu) nu-ża̋mum þóósa e-ṡa̋ta:'''
::He was fighting with his brother.
::He was fighting with his brother.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-u||nu=ƶa̋m-um||þǫ́sa||e=ca̋t-a
!n-u||nu=ża̋m-um||þóósa||e=ṡa̋t-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||his=brother-ACC.SG||with||PST- fight-IND
|3-N.s||his=brother-A.s||against||PST=fight-IND
|}
|}


*2. '''súna''' - in the company of
*2. '''súna''' - in the company of
 
::'''(nu) nu-vı̋lon súna e-ǧe̋ma:'''
::'''nu nús vilűm súna e-ǧe̋ma:'''
::He came with his friends.
::He came with his friends.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-u||nu=vil-űm||súna||e=ǧe̋m-a
!n-u||nu=vı̋l-on||súna||e=ǧe̋m-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||his=friend-GEN.PL||with||PST=come-IND
|3-N.s||his=friend-A.p||with||PST=come-IND
|}
|}


*3. '''éta''' - in addition to; as an accessory to
*3. '''éta''' - in addition to; as an accessory to
::'''ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:'''
::'''ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:'''
::The cowboy bought the horse with the saddle.
::The cowboy bought the horse (along) with the saddle.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
! ȝunta̋ðl-u||xir-ős||éta||mőr-em||e=sa̋-a
!ȝun-ta̋ð-l-u||xir-ős||éta||mőr-em||e=sa̋-a:
|-
|-
|cowboy-NOM.SG||saddle-GEN.SG||with||horse-ACC.SG||PST=buy-IND
|cow-herd-AG-N.s||saddle-G.s||with||horse-A.s||PST=buy-IND
|}
|}


*4. '''ríza''' - in support of
*4. '''ríza''' - in support of
::'''ƿus i-dąrős éna tús ríza e̋sa:'''
::'''m̃us i-daarős éna tús ríza e̋sa:'''
::We are with you in this task.
::We are with you in this task.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-us||i=dąr-ős||éna||t-ús||ríza||e̋s-a
!m̃-us||i=daar-ős||éna||t-ús||ríza||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|1p-NOM||this=task-GEN.SG||in||2s-GEN||with||be-IND
|1p.N||this=task-G.s||in||2s-G||with||be-IND
|}
|}


*5. '''xéma''' - using as an instrument; by means or agency of
 
::'''sįmlős xéma nom sı̨̋me:'''
*5. '''xéma''' - by means or agency of
::'''siimlős xéma nom sı̋ı̋me:'''
::Cut that with a knife.
::Cut that with a knife.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!sįml-ős||xéma||n-om||sı̨̋m-e
!siim-l-ős||xéma||n-om||sı̋ı̋m-e
|-
|-
|knife-GEN.SG||with||3-ACC.SG||cut-IMP
|cut-INS-G.s||with||3-A.s||cut-IMP
|}
|}


*6. '''šéða''' - having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.


::'''mu-gűsu nihős šéða ƿı̋ru e̋sa:'''
*6. '''šéða''' - Having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.
::'''mu-gűsu nihős šéða m̃ı̋ru e̋sa:'''
::My uncle is the man with the beard.
::My uncle is the man with the beard.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!mu=gűs-u||bisar-ős||šéða||ƿı̋r-u||e̋s-a
!mu=gűs-u||nih-ős||šéða||m̃ı̋r-u||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|my=uncle-NOM.SG||beard-GEN.SG||with||man-NOM.SG||be-IND
|my=uncle-N.s||beard-G.s||with||man-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''éȝa''' – in the charge or keeping of
*7. '''éȝa''' – in the charge or keeping of
::'''mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom te̋ƿa:'''
::'''mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom u-te̋m̃a:'''
::I will leave this letter with the guard.
::I will leave this letter with the guard.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||disl-űs||éȝa||i=mı̋þ-om||te̋ƿ-a
!m-u||dis-l-űs||éȝa||i=mı̋þ-om||u=te̋m̃-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||guard-GEN.SG||with||this=letter-ACC.SG||leave-IND
|1s-N||guard-AG-G.s||with||this=letter-A.s||FUT=leave-IND
|}
|}


*8. '''ṅáxa''' – in spite of
 
::'''mőre ne-ƿalta̋s ṅáxa e̋ᵹom da̋bu fę̋a:'''
*8. '''n̨áxa''' – in spite of
::'''mőre ne-m̃alta̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣom da̋bu fe̋e̋a:'''
::With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.
::With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!mőr-e||ne=ƿalt-a̋s||ṅáxa||ƿe̋ᵹ-om||da̋b-u||fę̋-a
!mőr-e||ne=m̃alt-a̋s||n̨áxa||m̃e̋ƣ-om||da̋b-u||fe̋e̋-a
|-
|-
|horse-NOM.SG||its=strength-GEN.SG||with||wagon-ACC.SG||pull-SUP||be.unable-IND
|horse-N.s||its=strength-G.s||with||wagon-A.s||pull-SUP||be.unable-IND
|}
|}


*9. '''méta''' – at the same time as
*9. '''méta''' – at the same time as
::'''ƿús cűƿ' ąȝa̋s sųle̋s méta ę̋ge:'''
::'''m̃ús ṡum̃aaȝa̋' suule̋s méta e̋e̋ge:'''
::Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.
::Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-ús||cűƿ-'||ąȝ-a̋-'||sųl-e̋s||méta||ę̋g-e
!m̃-ús||ṡum̃-aaȝ-a̋-'||suul-e̋s||méta||e̋e̋g-e
|-
|-
|1p-VOC||tomorrow-EL||morning-GEN.SG-EL||sun-GEN.SG||with||arise-IMP
|1p-N||tomorrow-morning-G.s-ELIS||sun-G.s||with||arise-IMP
|}
|}


*10. '''ha''' – as a result or a consequence of
*10. '''ha''' – as a result or a consequence of
::'''méti ǧe̋nus ve̋rem e-na̋ka—nąa̋s ha e-ðe̋la:'''
::'''ǧe̋nus naaa̋s ha e-ðe̋la—méti e-na̋ka ve̋rem:'''
::When the women saw the bear, they trembled with fear.
::The women trembled with fear when they saw the bear.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!ǧe̋n-us||naa-a̋s||ha||e=ðe̋l-a||méti||ve̋r-em||e=na̋k-a
|-
|woman-N.p||fear-G.s||with/because||PST=tremble-IND||when||bear-A.s||PST=see-IND
|}
 
 
*11. '''túȝa''' – in relation to
::'''pa̋l̨u sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:'''
::The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!pa̋l̨-u||sŭ~sűpo-Ø||din-ős||túȝa||sa̋a̋-a-þ-u||ɪ̋l-u||e=ke̋l-a
|-
|girl-N.s||ELAT~last-ABS||prize-G.s||with||satisfy-IND-PP-N.s||become-SUP||PST=had.to-IND
|}
 
 
*12. '''móóda''' – in a manner characterized by
::'''raaðta̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃um nı̋ı̋xe:'''
::Serve the Lord with gladness.


::{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!méti||ǧe̋n-us||ve̋r-em||e=na̋k-a||ną-a̋s||ha||e=ðe̋l-a
!raaðt-a̋s||móóda||ȝa̋hm̃-um||nı̋ı̋x-e
|-
|-
|when||woman-NOM.PL||bear-ACC.SG||PST=see-IND||fear-GEN.SG||with||PST=tremble-IND
|gladness-G.s||with||Lord-A.s||serve-IMP
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:25, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ĭ/ /ĕ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = knment Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


  • 1. þóósa - against
(nu) nu-ża̋mum þóósa e-ṡa̋ta:
He was fighting with his brother.
n-u nu=ża̋m-um þóósa e=ṡa̋t-a
3-N.s his=brother-A.s against PST=fight-IND


  • 2. súna - in the company of
(nu) nu-vı̋lon súna e-ǧe̋ma:
He came with his friends.
n-u nu=vı̋l-on súna e=ǧe̋m-a
3-N.s his=friend-A.p with PST=come-IND


  • 3. éta - in addition to; as an accessory to
ȝunta̋ðlu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:
The cowboy bought the horse (along) with the saddle.
ȝun-ta̋ð-l-u xir-ős éta mőr-em e=sa̋-a:
cow-herd-AG-N.s saddle-G.s with horse-A.s PST=buy-IND


  • 4. ríza - in support of
m̃us i-daarős éna tús ríza e̋sa:
We are with you in this task.
m̃-us i=daar-ős éna t-ús ríza e̋s-a
1p.N this=task-G.s in 2s-G with be-IND


  • 5. xéma - by means or agency of
siimlős xéma nom sı̋ı̋me:
Cut that with a knife.
siim-l-ős xéma n-om sı̋ı̋m-e
cut-INS-G.s with 3-A.s cut-IMP


  • 6. šéða - Having as a possession, attribute or characteristic.
mu-gűsu nihős šéða m̃ı̋ru e̋sa:
My uncle is the man with the beard.
mu=gűs-u nih-ős šéða m̃ı̋r-u e̋s-a
my=uncle-N.s beard-G.s with man-N.s be-IND


  • 7. éȝa – in the charge or keeping of
mu dislűs éȝa i-mı̋þom u-te̋m̃a:
I will leave this letter with the guard.
m-u dis-l-űs éȝa i=mı̋þ-om u=te̋m̃-a
1s-N guard-AG-G.s with this=letter-A.s FUT=leave-IND


  • 8. n̨áxa – in spite of
mőre ne-m̃alta̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣom da̋bu fe̋e̋a:
With all its strength the horse could not pull the wagon.
mőr-e ne=m̃alt-a̋s n̨áxa m̃e̋ƣ-om da̋b-u fe̋e̋-a
horse-N.s its=strength-G.s with wagon-A.s pull-SUP be.unable-IND


  • 9. méta – at the same time as
m̃ús ṡum̃aaȝa̋' suule̋s méta e̋e̋ge:
Let's get up tomorrow morning with the sun.
m̃-ús ṡum̃-aaȝ-a̋-' suul-e̋s méta e̋e̋g-e
1p-N tomorrow-morning-G.s-ELIS sun-G.s with arise-IMP


  • 10. ha – as a result or a consequence of
ǧe̋nus naaa̋s ha e-ðe̋la—méti e-na̋ka ve̋rem:
The women trembled with fear when they saw the bear.
ǧe̋n-us naa-a̋s ha e=ðe̋l-a méti ve̋r-em e=na̋k-a
woman-N.p fear-G.s with/because PST=tremble-IND when bear-A.s PST=see-IND


  • 11. túȝa – in relation to
pa̋l̨u sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ɪ̋lu e-ke̋la:
The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
pa̋l̨-u sŭ~sűpo-Ø din-ős túȝa sa̋a̋-a-þ-u ɪ̋l-u e=ke̋l-a
girl-N.s ELAT~last-ABS prize-G.s with satisfy-IND-PP-N.s become-SUP PST=had.to-IND


  • 12. móóda – in a manner characterized by
raaðta̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃um nı̋ı̋xe:
Serve the Lord with gladness.
raaðt-a̋s móóda ȝa̋hm̃-um nı̋ı̋x-e
gladness-G.s with Lord-A.s serve-IMP
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