Lortho: Difference between revisions
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#When a specific noun is counted, the noun does not take the plural since the ordinal number denotes pluralization. | #When a specific noun is counted, the noun does not take the plural since the ordinal number denotes pluralization. | ||
==Verbs== | |||
There are three major verb types: -o verbs, -t verbs, and -n verbs. Each follow a general rule for conjugation. | There are three major verb types: -o verbs, -t verbs, and -n verbs. Each follow a general rule for conjugation. | ||
===-o verbs=== | |||
-'''o''' verbs are conjugated by subtracting the -'''o''' and adding the personal endings. | -'''o''' verbs are conjugated by subtracting the -'''o''' and adding the personal endings. | ||
===-t verbs=== | |||
-'''t''' verbs are conjugated by changing the -'''t''' to -'''d''' then adding the personal endings | -'''t''' verbs are conjugated by changing the -'''t''' to -'''d''' then adding the personal endings | ||
===-n verbs=== | |||
-'''n''' verbs do not change and personal endings are simply added to the verb. The exception to this rule is the verb '''<nowiki>[hɑɾlɑn]</nowiki>''' ''to be'', which will be discussed later. | -'''n''' verbs do not change and personal endings are simply added to the verb. The exception to this rule is the verb '''<nowiki>[hɑɾlɑn]</nowiki>''' ''to be'', which will be discussed later. | ||
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==Script== | |||
[[User:Bbbourq|Bbbourq]] ([[User talk:Bbbourq|talk]]) 17:04, 18 March 2017 (PDT) | |||
Revision as of 17:04, 18 March 2017
| Lortho [loɾtʰo] | |
| Spoken in: | Lortho |
| Conworld: | A planet which orbits a binary star |
| Total speakers: | (insufficient data) |
| Genealogical classification: | (Family)
|
| Basic word order: | Verb Subject Object |
| Morphological type: | |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | |
| Created by: | |
| Brian Bourque | March 2017 |
Overview
Lortho (IPA : [loɾtʰo]) is a constructed language created by Brian Bourque in the beginning of 2003. It originally started as a prop for a strategy board game where only the script was created for aesthetics. Fast forward about 13 years and it has now evolved into a fusional/agglutinative language. The verbs are changed in conjugation; however, suffixes and prefixes are added to nouns to denote case.
Grammar
Noun Cases[1]
Lortho has nine cases:
| Case | Modifier | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - | kɑnsɑptʰɑ | forest, woods |
| Accusative | -mɛ | kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛ | forest (direct obj.) |
| Dative | -mɛlɑ | kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛlɑ | forest (indirect obj.) |
| Genitive | Possessive Prefix¹ | nimakɑnsɑptʰɑ | our forest |
| Sublative | -inɑ/ɛnɑ | kɑnsɑptʰɑɪnɑ | in/into the forest |
| Ablative | -(ɛ)nat | kɑnsɑptʰɑnɑt | out of (from) the forest |
| Prolative | -dɑn | kɑnsɑptʰɑdɑn | to/towards the forest |
| -dɑnɑɾ | |||
| Instructive | -lɑn | tʰomidin kɑnsɑptʰɑlɑn | I live off of the forest |
| Vocative | fa- | still in development | |
¹Genitive Case
The genitive, or possessive, case is formed by using personal prefixes to the nouns:
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ni-, nu- | nimɑ-, numɑ- |
| 2nd person | lin-, lun- | nɑni-, nɑnu- |
| 3rd person | li-, lu-, lɑ- | limi-, limu-, limɑ- |
Gender and Number Agreement
There are three rules for noun-adjective-verb agreement:
- Verbs must match number and gender of the noun.
- Adjectives must match noun gender, but not number or grammatical case.
- When a specific noun is counted, the noun does not take the plural since the ordinal number denotes pluralization.
Verbs
There are three major verb types: -o verbs, -t verbs, and -n verbs. Each follow a general rule for conjugation.
-o verbs
-o verbs are conjugated by subtracting the -o and adding the personal endings.
-t verbs
-t verbs are conjugated by changing the -t to -d then adding the personal endings
-n verbs
-n verbs do not change and personal endings are simply added to the verb. The exception to this rule is the verb [hɑɾlɑn] to be, which will be discussed later.
| Present Tense | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -o Verbs [konpʰɑɾo] to speak | -t Verbs [pʰɾɑmit] to push | -n Verbs [ʃɑɪlɑn] to sit | |||
| konpʰɑɾin, -un | -inɑn, -unɑn | pʰɾɑmidin, -un | -pʰɾɑmidinɑn, -unan | ʃɑɪlɑnin, -un | -inɑn, -unan |
| -ɑnːi, -ɑnːu | -ɑmin, -ɑmun | -pʰɾɑmidɑnːi, -ɑnːu | -pʰɾɑmidɑmin, -ɑmun | -ɑnːi, -ɑnːu | -ɑmin, -ɑmun |
| -i, -u, -ɑ | -imi, -imu, -imɑ | -pʰɾɑmidi, -u, -ɑ | -pʰɾɑmidimi, -imu, -imɑ | -i, -u, -ɑ | -imi, -imu, -imɑ |
