Lortho: Difference between revisions
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Noun Cases=== | ===Noun Cases[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_Case]=== | ||
Lortho has nine cases: | Lortho has nine cases: | ||
| Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
| -dɑnɑɾ | | -dɑnɑɾ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Instructive || -lɑn || tʰomidin kɑnsɑptʰɑ'''lɑn''' || I live off of the forest | |||
|- | |||
| Vocative | |||
| fa- | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ''still in development'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Genitive Case==== | |||
The genitive, or possessive, case is formed by using personal prefixes to the nouns: | |||
{|border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=50% class="bordertable" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; font-size: 95%;;" | |||
! bgcolor="#dedede" | Person | |||
! bgcolor="#abcabc" | Singular | |||
! bgcolor="#abcabc" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
| ''1st person'' | |||
| align="center" | ni-, nu- | |||
| align="center" | nimɑ-, numɑ- | |||
|- | |||
| ''2nd person'' | |||
| align="center" | lin-, lun- | |||
| align="center" | nɑni-, nɑnu- | |||
|- | |||
| ''3rd person'' | |||
| align="center" | li-, lu-, lɑ- | |||
| align="center" | limi-, limu-, limɑ- | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Gender and Number Agreement=== | |||
There are three rules for noun-adjective-verb agreement: | |||
#Verbs must match number and gender of the noun. | |||
#Adjectives must match gender, but not number or grammatical case. | |||
#When a specific noun is counted, the noun does not take the plural as the ordinal number denotes pluralization. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Revision as of 15:19, 18 March 2017
| Lortho loɾtʰo | |
| Spoken in: | Lortho |
| Conworld: | A planet which orbits a binary star |
| Total speakers: | (insufficient data) |
| Genealogical classification: | (Family)
|
| Basic word order: | Verb Subject Object |
| Morphological type: | |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | |
| Created by: | |
| Brian Bourque | March 2017 |
Overview
Lortho (IPA : [loɾtʰo]) is a constructed language created by Brian Bourque in the beginning of 2003. It originally started as a prop for a strategy board game where only the script was created for aesthetics. Fast forward about 13 years and it has now evolved into a fusional/agglutinative language. The verbs are changed in conjugation; however, suffixes and prefixes are added to nouns to denote case.
Grammar
Noun Cases[1]
Lortho has nine cases:
| Case | Modifier | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - | kɑnsɑptʰɑ | forest, woods |
| Accusative | -mɛ | kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛ | forest (direct obj.) |
| Dative | -mɛlɑ | kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛlɑ | forest (indirect obj.) |
| Genetive | Possessive Prefix¹ | nimakɑnsɑptʰɑ | our forest |
| Sublative | -inɑ/ɛnɑ | kɑnsɑptʰɑɪnɑ | in/into the forest |
| Ablative | -(ɛ)nat | kɑnsɑptʰɑnɑt | out of (from) the forest |
| Prolative | -dɑn | kɑnsɑptʰɑdɑn | to/towards the forest |
| -dɑnɑɾ | |||
| Instructive | -lɑn | tʰomidin kɑnsɑptʰɑlɑn | I live off of the forest |
| Vocative | fa- | still in development | |
Genitive Case
The genitive, or possessive, case is formed by using personal prefixes to the nouns:
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ni-, nu- | nimɑ-, numɑ- |
| 2nd person | lin-, lun- | nɑni-, nɑnu- |
| 3rd person | li-, lu-, lɑ- | limi-, limu-, limɑ- |
Gender and Number Agreement
There are three rules for noun-adjective-verb agreement:
- Verbs must match number and gender of the noun.
- Adjectives must match gender, but not number or grammatical case.
- When a specific noun is counted, the noun does not take the plural as the ordinal number denotes pluralization.
Verbs
There are three major verb types: -o verbs, -t verbs, and -n verbs. Each follow a general rule for conjugation.
-o verbs
-o verbs are conjugated by subtracting the -o and adding the personal endings.
-t verbs
-t verbs are conjugated by changing the -t to -d then adding the personal endings
-n verbs
-n verbs do not change and personal endings are simply added to the verb. The exception to this rule is the verb [hɑɾlɑn] to be, which will be discussed later.
| Present Tense | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -o Verbs [konpʰɑɾo] to speak | -t Verbs [pʰɾɑmit[ to push | -n Verbs [ʃɑɪlɑn] to sit | |||
| konpʰɑrin, -un | -inɑn, -unɑn | pʰrɑmidin, -un | -pʰrɑmidinɑn, -unan | ʃɑɪlɑnin, -un | -inɑn, -unan |
| -ɑnːi, -ɑnːu | -ɑmin, -ɑmun | -pʰɾɑmidɑnːi, -ɑnːu | -pʰɾɑmidɑmin, -ɑmun | -ɑnːi, -ɑnːu | -ɑmin, -ɑmun |
| -i, -u, -ɑ | -imi, -imu, -imɑ | -pʰɾɑmidi, -u, -ɑ | -pʰɾɑmidimi, -imu, -imɑ | -i, -u, -ɑ | -imi, -imu, -imɑ |
