Proto-Uralic/Ü: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="10"| With Khanty *e₂ | ! colspan="10"| With Khanty *e₂ (East *i?) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "upper" | | "upper" | ||
| *ülä || *ɤl- || veľ-ks || ''*wü̆lnə'' || *vɨl || - || *äl-- || ''*e₂Lää''<br/>"cover" || ''*i-'' | | *ülä || *ɤl- || veľ-ks || ''*wü̆lnə'' || *vɨl || - || *äl-- || ''*e₂Lää''<br/>"cover" || ''*i-'' | ||
| *-nə in Mari? Check Samic | | *-nə in Mari? Check Samic | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| Unclear | ! colspan="10"| Unclear | ||
Revision as of 09:39, 27 December 2016
| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *ü_ə = std. PU *ü_i | ||||||||||
| "nail" | *künci | *kɤncɤ | *kenžɜ | *kü̆č | U. gižɨ ~ K. gɨž | köröm | *kʷänš | *könč | *kəčå | Smy, K. *a-stem?! |
| "threshold" | *küntüks | - | keŋkš | - | - | - | - | - | - | Cf. prev. |
| "autumn" | *süksü | *čɤkčɤ | śokś | *šĭžə | U. siźɨl | öös | *täkʷs | *söɣəs | - | S+Mo sibilant assimilation? P. i / _Ć? |
| "to tie" | *kütke- | - | - | *kĭćke- | U. kɨtkɨ- | - | *kät- | *köt- | *küt- | |
| "1" | *ükci | *ɤktɤ | *vəçkä | *iktə | U. odig ~ K. ɤťik | *äkʷ | *ej | - | ||
| "9" | *ükteksä | *ɤkcé | *veçksa | *ĭndekšə | - | - | - | - | - | Cf. prev. |
| "bosom" | *süli | *sɤlɤ | *seľ | *šü̆l | U. sul ~ K. sɨl | öl | *täl | *ɬöL | *tij | |
| "handle" | *nüci | *nɤðɤ | ńeď | - | - | ńeel ~ ńele- |
*näl | *nöL | *nir | Mo. neže- cf. *mäčə |
| "coal" | *süci | *čɤðɤ | *śeď | *šüj | - | - | *süľii | *söj | *sijə | |
| "to smoulder" | *küte- | *cɤkɤ- | - | - | - | - | *kʷäš- | *köč- | kəčkü- | S. metathesis? |
| "to tear" | *nükVj- | - | - | - | - | ńüü-, ńöö- | *ńäw- | - | (*ńe-) | |
| "to skin" | *nülke- | *ńɤlkɤ- | *ńeľgə- | - | - | - | - | *ńeɣLəm- | - | |
| "base" | *tüvi | - | *ťej-- | *tü̆ŋ | *diŋ | töö | - | - | - | |
| "full" | *türe- | *tɤrɤ- | - | - | *tɨr- | - | - | - | *tirə | Smy. might also be ← *täwðə (per -ə) |
| "to look for" | - | - | Er. ťeťke- | Hi. tütka- | - | - | *täkt- | *töɣət- | *titə- | or *titkə-? |
| "to follow" | - | - | - | - | K. kɨj- | követ- | *kʷäj- | *köć- | - | *-j-tä- > Kh *-ć-. KhV kööj "to run around" better = "to lek" (StUE4) |
| "ripe" | *küpsi | IS kopša | - | - | *kiś- | - | - | - | - | Fi. kypsä secondary ä-stem, cf. kystä. P. i / _Ć? |
| "spit" | *sülki | *čolkɤ | śeľgä | *šü̆wəl | *śolal | - | *süľɣ- | *söjəɣ | - | |
| "to knead" | - | - | - | *nü̆štəlä- | U. nadź- | - | - | - | - | |
| "back" | - | - | - | *mü̆škər | *mɨš(k)- | - | - | - | - | |
| "to call" | - | - | - | *üžä- | U. iź-- | - | - | - | - | P. i / _Ć? |
| "to push" | *süskä- | *sɤskɤ- | - | *šü̆škä- | - | - | - | - | - | Fi. süsä- |
| "to ask" | *küsü- | *kɤčɤ- | Er. kevkśte- ~ Mk. kiźəfte- |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "10" | *kümmen | - | kemeń | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "to coff" | *rüki- | *rɤkɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "to be engulf'd" | *tüppe- | *tɤppɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "imposing" | *jühke- | *jɤskɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "to hide in" | *lümV- | *lɤmɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "to come" | - | - | - | - | - | jöv- | *ji- ~ *jäj- | *jöɣ- | - | or *jeKə-? F. *jää- "to stay" ← II |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "tear" | *küünel | *kɤńɤl | - | - | U. -kɨľi | köńń | - | - | kəńələ | |
| "to blink" | küünü | - | końe- | *kŭme- | *kuń | huń | - | *koń- | *kəń- | for comparision |
| St. PU *ü_a (main difference Mari *ĭ?) | ||||||||||
| "to push" | *lükkä- | - | - | - | - | lök- | *läkʷ- | *lök- | - | |
| "cold" | *külmä | *kɤlmē | keľme | *kĭlmə | *kɨnmɨ | - | - | - | - | |
| "mute" | *mükkä | *mɤkkē- | - | *mĭk | *mɨk | - | - | - | - | |
| "elbow" | *küünärä | *kɤrńēlē | keńeŕ | *kĭńer | *gɨr(dža) | köńök | *kʷän- | *köɳ-ŋääj | - | |
| "with" | *möö | *mɤŋē- | mej | *möŋgə | K. mɨ- | mög- | - | - | - | |
| "to hit" | *löö- | - | - | *lüje- | K. lɨj- | löv- | - | - | Sk. *čü- | Sk ← Smy *jiwɜ (cf. AASmy1) JH07 has Ms *ji, source?? |
| "thick" | - | *kɤsē | - | *kü̆žgə | *kɨz | - | - | *köL | - | *-gi in Mari? |
| "middle" | - | - | - | *kĭðäl | - | köz | *kʷätəľ | *köt | - | |
| "birch bark vessel" | - | - | keče- | - | - | - | *kʷäšəm | *köčəm | *kitä | |
| "village" | *külä | *kɤlɤj | - | - | - | - | *kʷäl | - | - | |
| "glue" | *tümä | *ðɤmē | - | Me. lümö | *ľem | - | - | - | *jimä | |
| "sulfur; moss" | - | - | - | - | K. teg, -tɤg |
- | *täŋʷkʷ | *töŋk | - | |
| "tree stump" | - | *jɤlŋēs | - | - | U. jal | - | - | *jöŋkəL | *jä ? | |
| "to gnaw" | *jürä- | - | - | - | *jɨr- | - | *jär- | - | - | |
| "(to) milk" | *lüpsä- | - | (lovca) | *lüšte- | *lɨśtɨ- | - | - | - | - | *lüpśä-ta? Mo. cf. *lupsa |
| "to sweep" | Li. müca- | - | - | - | *mɨć- | - | - | - | Ne. misii- | |
| "to pluck" | *nühtä- | - | *ńeftə- | *ńĭkta- | - | - | - | - | - | *ńük-tä-, cf. "to tear" |
| "holy" | *pühä | *pɤsē | peže- | |||||||
| "to strive for" | *pürkVj- | *pɤrkē- | Er. peŕge-- | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *wurkjan? |
| "side" | *sürjä | - | šiŕä | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "groom; boy" | *ülkä | *ɤlkē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "breast" | *üskä | *ɤskē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "stump" | *tüŋkä | *cēŋkē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *č/tüŋ-kä, cf. "base" |
| "deep spot" | *jürä | *jɤrēm | - | - | U jer, K jir, Jz jɤr |
- | - | - | S. cf. *jor-mē? U *jë | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| With Khanty *e₂ (East *i?) | ||||||||||
| "upper" | *ülä | *ɤl- | veľ-ks | *wü̆lnə | *vɨl | - | *äl-- | *e₂Lää "cover" |
*i- | *-nə in Mari? Check Samic |
| Unclear | ||||||||||
| "marrow" | *ütim | *ɤðɤm | uďem | *weem | *veejɨm | velöö | *wääləm | *weeLəm | Se. küütü | Ma-Ug *wäd₁Vm |
| "hill" | Es. sünk(a-) | *čoŋē | - | *šü̆ŋgä | - | šeg, šeeg | *ćäŋkʷ | N *śuuŋk | - | (PKh *ćöŋk) |
| "boy" | Fi. yrkä | - | - | *erɣe | - | -er | - | - | - | *ärkä with contam. with *ülka in F?? |
| "navel" | - | - | pokoń | - | - | - | *pikʷńi | *pöökɭən | - | #pikwɜn?? |
| "blunt" | - | - | noško | *nü̆škə | *nɨž | - | - | - | - | Or *nuš--; cf *nušja 'club' ?! |
| "clean" | - | - | - | - | U śudźal- ~ K sɤdź |
süüz | *ćääć | - | - | might be *śäwəćɜ or w/e |
| "belt" | *vöö | *ɤvē | - | *ü̆štə | U *jɤ, K *jɨ; K vɤń | öv | - | - | *iəj ? | |
| "copper" | - | - | - | *wü̆rɣeńə | *ɨrgon | - | - | - | - | Compound *ürə-kɜnɜ? Or Ma ← "blood" |
| "outside" | - | - | - | - | - | ki | *kʷäm | *küüm, *kœœmən |
- | |
| "to shine" | - | - | - | - | - | šüt- | *šit- | - | - | "bake" T. šät-, otherwise id. |
| "small" | Es. üsa | - | - | *iźi | *ić- | "*üć" | *(w)ić | - | "*ücä" | P. i / _Ć? H. öč "younger brother" intended? Smy cf. S. *uccē |
| "adder" | *küü | - | Mk. kuj, Er. kijov |
*kĭškə | U. kɨj | kiiɟoo | - | - | *kiwä | Mk. metath. ← *kju ← *kəjəv ? Mo/Smy. ← *küjəwä? |
| "hazelhen" | *püü | *pɤŋkōj | povo | - | - | fogoľ | - | *pöŋk | *piŋə ? | Mo. oŋ → oŋ?! F. backderived from *püütä- "to hunt"? |
| "" | ||||||||||
| Rejectable / loans | ||||||||||
| "wart" | *süklä | *čīvlē | śiľge | *šĭɣəľe | - | šüľ (etc.) | - | - | - | Most, if not all, probably ← Turkic *sigöl |
| "poison" | *mürkkü | - | - | - | - | meerëg | - | - | - | Bad. H ← Ir. *märg |
| "sacrifice" | NF *lüüli | - | - | - | - | - | - | (Trj?) ɬ́iiɬ́təɣɬəɬ- | - | F rather 'to pamper', ← Ru. люли |
| "merry" | - | N. arvuk | - | - | - | öröm | - | - | - | *ürwə-? or H ← Trk. |
| "fire" | - | - | - | - | - | tüüz | *tääwət | *töɣət | - | ← Mongolian? Ms. *üɣ → *äw? |
