Proto-Phwaim: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Proto-Phwaim Consonantal Phonemes
|+Proto-Phwaim Consonantal Phonemes
|-  
|-
!rowspan=2 COLSPAN=2| 
!rowspan=2 COLSPAN=2| 
!rowspan=2|Bilabial
!rowspan=2|Bilabial
!colspan=2|Alveolar
!colspan=2|Dental, Alveolar
!rowspan=2|Palatal
!rowspan=2|Postalveolar
!rowspan=2|Palatal(ized)
!rowspan=2|Velar
!rowspan=2|Velar
!rowspan=2|Uvular
!rowspan=2|Uvular
!rowspan=2|Glottal
|-
|-
!<small>Central</small>
!<small>Central</small>
!<small>Lateral</small>
!<small>Lateral</small>
|-
|-
! Nasals
!colspan=2| Nasals
| / m n nʲ ŋ / || < m n ń ŋ >
| '''m''' [m]
| '''n''' [n]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''ń''' [ɲ]
| '''ŋ''' [ŋ]
| &nbsp;
|-
!rowspan=3| Stops
!<small>Aspirated</small>
| '''ph''' [pʰ]
| '''th''' [tʰ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''kh''' [kʰ]
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>Voiceless</small>
| '''p''' [p]
| '''t''' [t]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''k''' [k]
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>Voiced</small>
| '''b''' [b]
| '''d''' [d]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''g''' [g]
| &nbsp;
|-
!rowspan=3|Affricates
!<small>Aspirated</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''čh''' [t͡ʃʰ]
| '''ćh''' [t͡ɕʰ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>Voiceless</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''č''' [t͡ʃ]
| '''ć''' [t͡ɕ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>Voiced</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''ǧ''' [d͡ʒ]
| '''ǵ''' [d͡ʑ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!rowspan=3| Fricatives
!<small>Voiceless</small>
| &nbsp;
| '''s''' [s]
| '''ṣ''' [ɬ]
| '''š''' [ʃ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''x'''[χ]
|-
|-
! Stops
!<small>Palatalized</small>
| / p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ g / || < p ph b t th d k kh g >
| &nbsp;
| '''s'''' [sʲ]
| '''ṣ'''' [ɬʲ]
| '''š'''' [ʃʲ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''x''''[χʲ]
|-
|-
! Affricates
!<small>Voiced</small>
| / t͡sʲ t͡sʲʰ d͡zʲ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ / || < ć ćh ǵ č čh ǧ >
| &nbsp;
| '''z''' [z]
| '''ẓ''' [ɮ]
| '''ž''' [ʒ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''ḥ'''[ʁ]
|-
|-
! Fricatives
!colspan=2| Approximants
| / ɬ ɬʲ ɮ s sʲ z ʃ ʃʲ ʒ χ χʲ ʁ / || < ṣ ṣ' ẓ s s' z š š' ž x x' ḥ >
| '''v''' [w]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| '''y''' [j]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
! Approximants
!colspan=2| Liquids
| / j w r rʲ l lʲ / || < y v r r' l l' >
| &nbsp;
| '''r''' [r]
| '''l''' [l]
| &nbsp;
| '''r'''' [rʲ] '''l'''' [ʎ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:49, 29 September 2016

This article is a work in progress.
The contents may be tentative, incomplete, inaccurate, in need of elaboration, subject to later revision, or just plain sketchy.

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Proto-Phwaim is a fictional language by Polka Dot. Proto-Phwaim is the reconstructed ancestor of the Phim-Hwan languages, a family spoken for the most part in the central region of Ryusi. It is estimated to have been spoken around 10.000 HW.

PHONOLOGY

The reconstructed phoneme inventory of Proto-Phwaim is shown in the tables below:

CONSONANTS

Proto-Phwaim Consonantal Phonemes
  Bilabial Dental, Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal(ized) Velar Uvular
Central Lateral
Nasals m [m] n [n]     ń [ɲ] ŋ [ŋ]  
Stops Aspirated ph [pʰ] th [tʰ]       kh [kʰ]  
Voiceless p [p] t [t]       k [k]  
Voiced b [b] d [d]       g [g]  
Affricates Aspirated       čh [t͡ʃʰ] ćh [t͡ɕʰ]    
Voiceless       č [t͡ʃ] ć [t͡ɕ]    
Voiced       ǧ [d͡ʒ] ǵ [d͡ʑ]    
Fricatives Voiceless   s [s] ṣ [ɬ] š [ʃ]     x[χ]
Palatalized   s' [sʲ] ṣ' [ɬʲ] š' [ʃʲ]     x'[χʲ]
Voiced   z [z] ẓ [ɮ] ž [ʒ]     ḥ[ʁ]
Approximants v [w]       y [j]    
Liquids   r [r] l [l]   r' [rʲ] l' [ʎ]    

Nouns

Proto-Phwaim had 13 cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative, ablative, instrumental, comitative, terminative, Illative, allative, equative, partitive), two systems of number (singular-dual–plural and collective–singulative) and two genders (human vs nonhuman). A noun stem can take up to 2 inflectional suffixes:

stem + (number) + (case)

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