Senjecas - as: Difference between revisions

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m (Orthography revisions. Glossing table added.)
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!f
!f
!v
!v
!ƿ
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!m
!m
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!þ
!þ
!ð
!ð
!ł
!ɫ
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!l
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!c
!ṡ
!ƶ
!ż
!s
!s
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!z
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!g
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!x
!ᵹ
!ƣ
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!h
!ȝ
!ȝ
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!š
!š
!ṡ
!s̨
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!ɔ
!õ
!o
!o
!u
!u
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!ı
!ĭ
!ɛ
!ĕ
!y
!ŭ
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|/p/
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|/ɪ/
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===Glossing abbreviations===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}
===Adverb===
===Adverb===
*1. '''mǫ́du'''- to such an extent or degree
*1. '''móódu'''- to such an extent or degree
::'''mől̨u mǫ́du gőxu mǫ́di nu-kőzu e̋sa ne:'''
::'''mől̤u móódu gőxu móódi kőzu e̋sa ne:'''
::The miller is not as tall as his wife.
::The miller is not as tall as (his) wife.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!mől̨-u||mǫ́du||gőx-u||mǫ́di||nu=kőz-u||e̋s-a||ne
!mől̤-u||móódu||gőx-u||móódi||kőz-u||e̋s-a||ne
|-
|-
|miller-NOM.SG||as||tall-NOM.SG||as||his=wife-NOM.SG||be-IND||not
|miller-N.s||as||tall-N.s||as||wife-N.s||be-IND||not
|}
|}


*2. '''mǫ́di''' – in the manner or role specified
*2. '''móódu''' – in the manner or role specified
::'''mu vísum va̋du vı̋l̨u mǫ́du į-nús úpa e-me̋ina:'''
::'''mu vísum va̋du vı̋l̤u móódu ii-sús úpa e-me̋ina:'''
::I always thought of her as a good friend.
::I always thought of her as a good friend.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||vísum||va̋du-Ø||vı̋l̨-u||mǫ́du||į=n-ús||úpa||e=me̋in-a
!m-u||vísum||va̋du-Ø||vı̋l̤-u||móódu||ii=s-ús||úpa||e=me̋in-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||always||good-ABS||friend-NOM.SG||as||FEM=3-GEN.SG||of||PST=think-IND
|1s-N||always||good-ABS||friend-N.s||as||F=3s-G||of||PST=think-IND
|}
|}


*3. ''noun + adjective'' – comparison to the quality of a noun
*3. ''noun + adjective'' – comparison to the quality of a noun
::'''a-ȝa̋xt̬i bislɛċa̋bi e̋sa:'''
::'''a-ȝa̋xt̬i bislĕṡ̨a̋bi e̋sa:'''
::That medicine is as bitter as gall.
::That medicine is as bitter as gall.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!a=ȝa̋xt̬-i||bisl-ɛ-ċa̋b-i||e̋s-a
!a=ȝa̋xt̬-i||bisl-ĕ-ṡ̨a̋b-i||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|that=medicine-NOM.SG||gall-EUPH-bitter-NOM.SG||be-IND
|that=medicine-N.s||gall-EUPH-bitter-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}


===Conjunction===
===Conjunction===
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::Please do that as you were taught.
::Please do that as you were taught.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-om||kı̋-o||épi||t-u||dők-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
!n-om||kı̋-o||épi||t-u||dők-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|3-ACC.SG||do-SBJ||as||2s-NOM||teach-IND-PP-NOM.SG||PST=become-IND
|3-A.s||do-SBJ||as||2s-N||teach-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|}
|}


*5. '''méti''' – At the same instant that; when
*5. '''méti''' – At the same instant that; when
::'''méti mu ðűrom e-lűra. ną̋ȝe bu e-rę̋sa:'''
::'''na̋a̋ȝe bu e-re̋e̋sa. méti mu ðűrom e-lűra:'''
::As I opened the door, the dog ran out.
::As I opened the door, the dog ran out.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!méti||m-u||ðűr-om||e=lűr-a||ną̋ȝ-e||bu||e=rę̋s-a
!na̋a̋ȝ-e||bu||e=re̋e̋s-a||méti||m-u||ðűr-om||e=lűr-a
|-
|-
|as||1s-NOM||door-ACC.SG||PST=open-IND||dog-NOM.SG||out||pst=RUN-IND
|dog-N.s||out||pst=RUN-IND||as||1s-N||door-A.s||PST=open-IND
|}
|}


*6. '''méti''' - At the same time that; while
*6. '''méti''' - At the same time that; while
::'''bą̋lu vísum še̋pa méti sų̋ƿe fǫ̋la:'''
::'''ba̋a̋lu vísum še̋pa méti sűűm̃e főőla:'''
::The baby always sleeps as the rain falls.
::The baby always sleeps as the rain falls.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!bą̋l-u||vísum||še̋p-a||méti||sų̋ƿ-e||fǫ̋l-a
!ba̋a̋l-u||vísum||še̋p-a||méti||sűűm̃-e||főől-a
|-
|-
|baby-NOM.SG||always||sleep-IND||as||rain-NOM.SG||fall-IND
|baby-N.s||always||sleep-IND||as||rain-N.s||fall-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''méi''' - Varying through time in the same proportion that.
*7. '''méi''' - Varying through time in the same proportion that.
::'''méi ðųne̋vos e-ȝőba. mu te̋gom nęþa̋sa:'''
::'''mu te̋gom neeþa̋sa. méi ðuune̋vos e-ȝőba:'''
::As the storm clouds approached, I began to look for shelter.
::As the storm clouds approached, I began to look for shelter.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!méi||ðų-ne̋v-os||e=ȝőb-a||m-u||te̋g-om||nęþ-a̋s-a
!m-u||te̋g-om||neeþ-a̋s-a||méi||ðuu-ne̋v-os||e=ȝőb-a
|-
|-
|as||storm-cloud-NOM.PL||PST=approach-IND||1s-NOM||shelter-ACC.SG||look.for-INCEP-IND
|1s-N||shelter-A.s||look.for-INCEP-IND||as||storm-cloud-N.p||PST=approach-IND
|}
|}


*8. '''hi''' - Considering that, because, since
*8. '''hi''' - Considering that, because, since
::'''hi ƿa̋kes ȝę beᵹős éna vų̋a. ƿus beᵹðűrom pa̋xu mą̋ᵹa:'''
::'''m̃us beƣƣðűrom pa̋xu ma̋a̋ƣa. hi m̃a̋kes ȝee beƣős éna vűűa. :'''
::As the cows are already in the barn, we can close the barn door.
::We can close the barn door as the cows are already in the barn.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!hi||ƿa̋k-es||ȝę||beᵹ-ős||éna||vų̋-a||ƿ-us||beᵹ-ðűr-om||pa̋x-u||mą̋ᵹ-a
!m̃-us||beƣ-ðűr-om||pa̋x-u||ma̋a̋ƣ-a||hi||m̃a̋k-es||ȝee||beƣ-ős||éna||vűű-a||
|-
|-
|as||cow-NOM.PL||already||barn-GEN.SG||in||be.IND||1p-NOM||barn-door-ACC.SG||close-SUP||be.able-IND
|as||cow-N.p||already||barn-G.s||in||be.IND||1p-N||barn-door-A.s||close-SUP||be.able-IND
|}
|}


*9. '''są́mi''' - Expressing concession, though.
*9. '''sáámi''' - Expressing concession, though.
::'''ƿus ta̋ᵹom u-sę̋ra. są́mi sőȝo e̋so:'''
::'''m̃us ta̋ƣom u-se̋e̋ra. sáámi sőȝo e̋so:'''
::We will continue the journey, cold as it may be.
::We will continue the journey, cold as it may be.


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-us||ta̋ᵹ-om||u=sę̋r-a||są́mi||sőȝo-Ø||e̋s-o
!m̃-us||ta̋ƣ-om||u=se̋e̋r-a||sáámi||sőȝo-Ø||e̋s-o
|-
|-
|1p-NOM||journey-ACC.SG||FUT=continue-IND||as||cold-ABS||be-SBJ
|1p-N||journey-A.s||FUT=continue-IND||as||cold-ABS||be-SBJ
|}
|}


===Postposition===
===Postposition===
*10. '''épa''' – In the role of.
*11. '''épa''' – In the role of.
::'''tu-na̋ma ᵶǫnlűs épa xa e̋sa:'''
::'''tu-na̋ma żoonlűs épa xa e̋sa:'''
::What is your opinion as a parent?
::What is your opinion as a parent?


:{| Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!tu=na̋m-a||ᵶǫnl-űs||épa||x-a||e̋s-a
!tu=na̋m-a||żǫnl-űs||épa||x-a||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|your=opinion-NOM.SG||parent-GEN.SG||as||what-NOM.SG||be.IND
|your=opinion-N.s||parent-G.s||as||what-N.s||be.IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:38, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ĕ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Adverb

  • 1. móódu- to such an extent or degree
mől̤u móódu gőxu móódi kőzu e̋sa ne:
The miller is not as tall as (his) wife.
mől̤-u móódu gőx-u móódi kőz-u e̋s-a ne
miller-N.s as tall-N.s as wife-N.s be-IND not
  • 2. móódu – in the manner or role specified
mu vísum va̋du vı̋l̤u móódu ii-sús úpa e-me̋ina:
I always thought of her as a good friend.
m-u vísum va̋du-Ø vı̋l̤-u móódu ii=s-ús úpa e=me̋in-a
1s-N always good-ABS friend-N.s as F=3s-G of PST=think-IND
  • 3. noun + adjective – comparison to the quality of a noun
a-ȝa̋xt̬i bislĕṡ̨a̋bi e̋sa:
That medicine is as bitter as gall.
a=ȝa̋xt̬-i bisl-ĕ-ṡ̨a̋b-i e̋s-a
that=medicine-N.s gall-EUPH-bitter-N.s be-IND


Conjunction

  • 4. épi - In the same way that; according to what
nom kı̋o épi tu dőkaþu e-ı̋la:
Please do that as you were taught.
n-om kı̋-o épi t-u dők-a-þ-u e=ı̋l-a
3-A.s do-SBJ as 2s-N teach-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND
  • 5. méti – At the same instant that; when
na̋a̋ȝe bu e-re̋e̋sa. méti mu ðűrom e-lűra:
As I opened the door, the dog ran out.
na̋a̋ȝ-e bu e=re̋e̋s-a méti m-u ðűr-om e=lűr-a
dog-N.s out pst=RUN-IND as 1s-N door-A.s PST=open-IND
  • 6. méti - At the same time that; while
ba̋a̋lu vísum še̋pa méti sűűm̃e főőla:
The baby always sleeps as the rain falls.
ba̋a̋l-u vísum še̋p-a méti sűűm̃-e főől-a
baby-N.s always sleep-IND as rain-N.s fall-IND
  • 7. méi - Varying through time in the same proportion that.
mu te̋gom neeþa̋sa. méi ðuune̋vos e-ȝőba:
As the storm clouds approached, I began to look for shelter.
m-u te̋g-om neeþ-a̋s-a méi ðuu-ne̋v-os e=ȝőb-a
1s-N shelter-A.s look.for-INCEP-IND as storm-cloud-N.p PST=approach-IND
  • 8. hi - Considering that, because, since
m̃us beƣƣðűrom pa̋xu ma̋a̋ƣa. hi m̃a̋kes ȝee beƣős éna vűűa. :
We can close the barn door as the cows are already in the barn.
m̃-us beƣ-ðűr-om pa̋x-u ma̋a̋ƣ-a hi m̃a̋k-es ȝee beƣ-ős éna vűű-a
as cow-N.p already barn-G.s in be.IND 1p-N barn-door-A.s close-SUP be.able-IND
  • 9. sáámi - Expressing concession, though.
m̃us ta̋ƣom u-se̋e̋ra. sáámi sőȝo e̋so:
We will continue the journey, cold as it may be.
m̃-us ta̋ƣ-om u=se̋e̋r-a sáámi sőȝo-Ø e̋s-o
1p-N journey-A.s FUT=continue-IND as cold-ABS be-SBJ


Postposition

  • 11. épa – In the role of.
tu-na̋ma żoonlűs épa xa e̋sa:
What is your opinion as a parent?
tu=na̋m-a żǫnl-űs épa x-a e̋s-a
your=opinion-N.s parent-G.s as what-N.s be.IND
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