Senjecas - over: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
===Pronunciation table===
:{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
!f
!f
!v
!v
!ƿ
!m̃
!m
!m
|
|
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!þ
!þ
!ð
!ð
!ł
!ɫ
!l
!l
|
|
|
|
!c
!ṡ
!ƶ
!ż
!s
!s
!z
!z
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!g
!g
!x
!x
!ᵹ
!ƣ
!h
!h
!ȝ
!ȝ
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|
|
!š
!š
!ṡ
!s̨
|
|
|
|
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!e
!e
!a
!a
!ɔ
!õ
!o
!o
!u
!u
|
|
|
|
!ı
!ĭ
!ɛ
!ĕ
!y
!ŭ
|-
|-
|/p/
|/p/
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|/ɸ/
|/ɸ/
|/β/
|/β/
|/m̊/
|/m̥/
|/m/
|/m/
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|/ɪ/
|/ĭ/
|/ɛ/
|/ĕ/
|/ʊ/
|/ʊ/
|}
===Glossing abbreviations===
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}
|}




===Adjective===
===Adjective===
*1. '''þűki''' - Finished, ended or concluded
*1. '''þűki''' - Finished, ended or concluded.
 
::'''le̋ida þűka e-e̋sa fési m̃us e-tőpa:'''
::'''le̋ida þűka e-e̋sa fési ƿus e-tőpa:'''
::The play was over before we got there.
::The play was over before we got there.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!le̋id-a||þűk-a||e=e̋s-a||fési||ƿ-us||e=tőp-a
!le̋id-a||þűk-a||e=e̋s-a||fési||m̃-us||e=tőp-a
|-
|-
|play-NOM.SG||over-NOM.SG||PST=be-IND||before||1p-NOM||PST=arrive-IND
|play-N.s||over-N.s||PST=be-IND||before||1p-N||PST=arrive-IND
|}
|}


===Adverb===
===Adverb===
*2. '''xófvi''' - Thoroughly, completely, from beginning to end
*2. '''xófvi''' - Thoroughly, completely, from beginning to end.
 
::'''m̃us xófvi nomĕ me̋inu ı̋ı̋ƣa fési ṡ̨őxa:'''
::'''ƿus ċőxu fési xófvi nom me̋inu ı̨̋ᵹa:'''
::We need to think that over before agreeing.
::We need to think that over before agreeing.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-us||ċőx-u||fési||xóf=vi||n-om||me̋in-u||ı̨̋ᵹ-a
!m̃-us||xóf=vi||n-om=ĕ||me̋in-u||ı̋ı̋ƣ-a||fési||ṡ̨őx-a
|-
|-
|1p-NOM||agree-SUP||before||thorough=ADV||3-ACC.SG||think-SUP||need-IND
|1p-N||thorough=ADV||3-A.s=EP||think-SUP||need-IND||before||agree-IND
|}
|}


*3. '''lénvi''' - From an upright position to being horizontal


::'''bą̋lu lénvi vőulom ṡų̋þom e-þőka:'''
*3.''' lénvi''' - From an upright position to being horizontal.
::'''ba̋a̋lu lénvi vőulom ṡűűþom e-þőka:'''
::The baby knocked over the bottle of milk.
::The baby knocked over the bottle of milk.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!bą̋l-u||lén=vi||vőul-om||ṡų̋þ-om||e=þők-a
!ba̋a̋l-u||lén-vi||vőul-om||ṡűűþ-om||e=þők-a
|-
|-
|baby-NOM.SG||sloping=ADV||bottle-ACC.SG||milk-ACC.SG||PST=knock-IND
|baby-N.s||inclined-ADV||bottle-A.s||milk-A.s||PST=knock-IND
|}
|}


*4. '''tárvi''' - Horizontally; left to right or right to left


::'''ƿús mımę̋om baȝa̋lom kı̋u táda tárvi se̋dom pı̋ze:'''
*4. '''tárvi''' - Horizontally; left to right or right to left.
::'''m̃ús mĭme̋e̋o baȝa̋lom kı̋u táda tárvi se̋dom pı̋ze:'''
::Let's slide the chair over to make more room.
::Let's slide the chair over to make more room.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!ƿ-ús||mı~mę̋o-Ø||baȝa̋l-om||kı̋-u||táda||tár=vi||se̋d-om||pı̋z-e
!m̃-ús||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||baȝa̋l-om||kı̋-u||táda||tárvi||se̋dom||pı̋z-e
|-
|-
|1p-VOC||CPAR~many-ABS||room-ACC.SG||make-SUP||in.order.to||across=ADV||chair-ACC.SG||slide-IMP
|1p-N||ELAT~much=ABS||space-A.xs||make-SUP||in.order.to||cross-ADV||chair-A.s||slice-IMP
|}
|}


*5. '''tárvi''' - From one position or state to another


::'''tárvi ǧe̋mek̬e ƿúm súna dőrek̬e:'''
*5. '''tárvi''' - From one position or state to another.
::'''tárvi ǧe̋mek̬e m̃úm súna dőrek̬e:'''
::Come over and have dinner with us.
::Come over and have dinner with us.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!tár=vi||ǧe̋m-e=k̬e||ƿ-úm||súna||dőr-e=k̬e
!tár-vi||ǧe̋m-e=k̬e||m̃-úm||súna||dőr-e=k̬e
|-
|-
|across=ADV||come-IMP=and||1p-GEN.PL||with||dine-IMP=and
|cross-ADV||come-IMD=and||1p-G||with||dine-IMP=and
|}
|}


*6. '''lą̋tam''' - Overnight


::'''cı̋cus toƿős h' anűs nóma lą̋tam še̋pu e-ke̋la:'''
*6. '''la̋a̋ta''' - Overnight.
::'''ṡı̋ṡus tom̃ős h' anűs nóma la̋a̋tu e-ke̋la:'''
::The children had to sleep over at grandma's because of the snow.
::The children had to sleep over at grandma's because of the snow.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!cı̋c-us||toƿ-ős||h-'||an-űs||nóma||lą̋t-am||še̋p-u||e=ke̋l-a
!ṡı̋ṡ-us||tom̃-ős||h-'||an-űs||nóma||la̋a̋t-u||e=ke̋l-a
|-
|-
|child-NOM-PL||snow-GEN.SG||because.of-EL||grandmother-GEN.SG||at.home.of||night-ACC.SG||sleep-SUP||PST=have.to-IND
|child-N.p||snowG.s||because-ELIS||grandmother-G.s||at.the.home||pass.the.night-SUP||PST=had.to-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''ƿer-''' - Again, another time, once more, over again


::'''mu-nomva̋gom e-ha̋ȝa. ną́ru nom ƿerkı̋u e-ke̋la:'''
*7. '''m̃er-''' - Again, another time, once more, over again.
::'''mu-nomda̋a̋ro e-ha̋ȝa. nááru nom m̃erkı̋u e-ke̋la:'''
::I lost my homework so I had to do it over.
::I lost my homework so I had to do it over.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!mu=nomva̋g-om||e=ha̋ȝ-a||ną́ru||n-om||ƿer=kı̋-u||e=ke̋l-a
!mu=nom-da̋a̋r-o||e=ha̋ȝ-a||nááru||n-om||m̃er=kı̋-u||e=ke̋l-a
|-
|-
|my=homework-ACC.SG||PST=lose-IND||so||3-ACC.SG||again=do-SUP||PST=have.to-IND
|my=ho=me-task-N.s||PST-lose-IND||therefore||3-A.s||re-=do-SUP||PST=had.to-IND
|}
|}


===Postposition===
===Postposition===
*8. On top of, above, higher than
*8. '''úpa''' - On top of, above, higher than.
 
::'''tu-niimős úpa ne̋uom ƣe̋ve:'''
::'''tu-nįmős úpa ne̋uom ᵹe̋ve:'''
::Hold the sign over your head.
::Hold the sign over your head.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!tu=nįm-ős||úpa||ne̋u-om||ᵹe̋v-e
!tu=niim-ős||úpa||ne̋u-om||ƣe̋v-e
|-
|-
|your=head-GEN.SG||over||sign-ACC.SG||hold-IMP
|your=head-G.s||over||sign-A.s||hold-IMP
|}
|}


*9. '''tára''' - Across, spanning


::'''nus erekős tára þőlom dıde̋ma:'''
*9. '''tára''' - Across, spanning.
::'''nus erekős tára þőlom dĭde̋ma:'''
::They have built a bridge over the canyon.
::They have built a bridge over the canyon.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-us||erek-ős||tára||þől-om||dı~de̋m-a
!n-us||erek-ős||tára||þől-om||dĭ~de̋m-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.PL||canyon-GEN.SG||over||bridge-ACC.SG||PRF~build-IND
|3-N.p||canyon-G.s||over||bridge-A.s||PRF~build-IND
|}
|}


*10. '''éva''' - In such a way as to cover


::'''tu nesk̬e̋som éva pa̋dom:'''
*10. '''éva''' - In such a way as to cover.
::'''tu ṡ̨űbom éva pa̋dom muxe̋ȝa:'''
::You may drape the flag over the casket.
::You may drape the flag over the casket.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!t-u||nesk̬e̋s-om||éva||pa̋d-om
!t-u||ṡ̨űb-om||éva||pa̋d-om||mux-e̋ȝa
|-
|-
|2s-NOM||casket-ACC.SG||over||flag-ACC.SG
|2s-N||casket-A.s||over||flag-A.s||drape-SBJ
|}
|}


*11. '''tára''' - From one physical position to another via an obstacle that must be traversed vertically, first upwards and then downwards


::'''mu tűrom tára u-re̋na tádi tum þőnu mą̋ᵹa:'''
*11. '''tára''' - From one physical position to another via an obstacle that must be traversed vertically, first upwards and then downwards.
::'''mu tűrom tára u-re̋na táádi tum þőnu maaƣe̋ȝa:'''
::I'll climb over the fence so I can help you.
::I'll climb over the fence so I can help you.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||tűr-om||tára||u=re̋n-a||tádi||t-um||þőn-u||mą̋ᵹ-a
!m-u||tűr-om||tára||u=re̋n-a||táádi||t-um||þőn-u||maaƣ-e̋ȝa
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||fence-ACC.SG||over||FUT=climb-IND||so.that||2s-ACC||help-SUP||be.able-IND
|1s-N||gate-A.s||over||FUT=climb-IND||in.order||2s-A||help-SUP||be.able-SBJ
|}
|}


*12. '''sóma''' - More than, to a greater degree


::'''mu abelőm sóma te̋fon mę̋ᵹa:'''
*12. '''sóma''' - More than, to a greater degree.
::'''mu abelőm sóma te̋fon me̋e̋ƣa:'''
::I prefer peaches over apples.
::I prefer peaches over apples.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||abel-őm||sóma||te̋f-on||mę̋ᵹ-a
!m-u||abel-őm||sóma||te̋f-on||me̋e̋ƣ-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||apple-GEN.PL||over||peach-ACC.SG||prefer-IND
|1s-N||apple-G.p||compared.to||peach-A.p||prefer-IND
|}
|}


*13. '''sépa''' - Concerning or regarding


::'''d̬o hűsus leiðþórtęlűs rekő' sépa e-ca̋ta:'''
*13. '''sépa''' - Concerning or regarding.
::'''d̬o hűsus leiðþórteelűs rekő' sépa e-ṡa̋ta:'''
::The two boys fought over the referee's decision.
::The two boys fought over the referee's decision.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!d̬o||hűs-us||leiðþórtęl-űs||rek-ő-'||sépa||e=ca̋t-a
!d̬o||hűs-us||leið-þór-tee-l-űs||rek-ő-'||sépa||e-ṡa̋t-a
|-
|-
|two||boy-NOM.PL||referee-GEN.SG||decision-GEN.SG||over||PST=fight-IND
|two||boy-N.p||sport-lay-say-AG-G.s||decision-G.s-ELIS||about||PST=fight-IND
|}
|}


*14. '''ṅáxa''' - Above, implying superiority after a contest, in spite of, notwithstanding


::'''þőro ręᵹűs þǫsacős ṅáxa þőraþo e-ı̋la:'''
*14. '''n̨áxa''' - Above, implying superiority after a contest, in spite of, notwithstanding.
::'''þőro reeƣűs þoosaṡős n̨áxa þőraþo e-ı̋la:'''
::The law was passed over the king's objections.
::The law was passed over the king's objections.


::{|Class=wikitable
::{| Class=wikitable
!þőr-o||ręᵹ-űs||þǫsac-ős||ṅáxa||þőr-a-þ-o||e=ı̋l-a
!þőr-o||reeƣ-űs||þoos-aṡ-ős||n̨áxa||þőr-a-þ-o||e=ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|law-NOM.SG||king-GEN.SG||objection-GEN.SG||over||pass-IND-PP-NOM.SG||PST=become-IND
|law-N.s||king-G.s||against-move-G.s||despite||enact-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 07:43, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ĭ/ /ĕ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Adjective

  • 1. þűki - Finished, ended or concluded.
le̋ida þűka e-e̋sa fési m̃us e-tőpa:
The play was over before we got there.
le̋id-a þűk-a e=e̋s-a fési m̃-us e=tőp-a
play-N.s over-N.s PST=be-IND before 1p-N PST=arrive-IND


Adverb

  • 2. xófvi - Thoroughly, completely, from beginning to end.
m̃us xófvi nomĕ me̋inu ı̋ı̋ƣa fési ṡ̨őxa:
We need to think that over before agreeing.
m̃-us xóf=vi n-om=ĕ me̋in-u ı̋ı̋ƣ-a fési ṡ̨őx-a
1p-N thorough=ADV 3-A.s=EP think-SUP need-IND before agree-IND


  • 3. lénvi - From an upright position to being horizontal.
ba̋a̋lu lénvi vőulom ṡűűþom e-þőka:
The baby knocked over the bottle of milk.
ba̋a̋l-u lén-vi vőul-om ṡűűþ-om e=þők-a
baby-N.s inclined-ADV bottle-A.s milk-A.s PST=knock-IND


  • 4. tárvi - Horizontally; left to right or right to left.
m̃ús mĭme̋e̋o baȝa̋lom kı̋u táda tárvi se̋dom pı̋ze:
Let's slide the chair over to make more room.
m̃-ús mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø baȝa̋l-om kı̋-u táda tárvi se̋dom pı̋z-e
1p-N ELAT~much=ABS space-A.xs make-SUP in.order.to cross-ADV chair-A.s slice-IMP


  • 5. tárvi - From one position or state to another.
tárvi ǧe̋mek̬e m̃úm súna dőrek̬e:
Come over and have dinner with us.
tár-vi ǧe̋m-e=k̬e m̃-úm súna dőr-e=k̬e
cross-ADV come-IMD=and 1p-G with dine-IMP=and


  • 6. la̋a̋ta - Overnight.
ṡı̋ṡus tom̃ős h' anűs nóma la̋a̋tu e-ke̋la:
The children had to sleep over at grandma's because of the snow.
ṡı̋ṡ-us tom̃-ős h-' an-űs nóma la̋a̋t-u e=ke̋l-a
child-N.p snowG.s because-ELIS grandmother-G.s at.the.home pass.the.night-SUP PST=had.to-IND


  • 7. m̃er- - Again, another time, once more, over again.
mu-nomda̋a̋ro e-ha̋ȝa. nááru nom m̃erkı̋u e-ke̋la:
I lost my homework so I had to do it over.
mu=nom-da̋a̋r-o e=ha̋ȝ-a nááru n-om m̃er=kı̋-u e=ke̋l-a
my=ho=me-task-N.s PST-lose-IND therefore 3-A.s re-=do-SUP PST=had.to-IND


Postposition

  • 8. úpa - On top of, above, higher than.
tu-niimős úpa ne̋uom ƣe̋ve:
Hold the sign over your head.
tu=niim-ős úpa ne̋u-om ƣe̋v-e
your=head-G.s over sign-A.s hold-IMP


  • 9. tára - Across, spanning.
nus erekős tára þőlom dĭde̋ma:
They have built a bridge over the canyon.
n-us erek-ős tára þől-om dĭ~de̋m-a
3-N.p canyon-G.s over bridge-A.s PRF~build-IND


  • 10. éva - In such a way as to cover.
tu ṡ̨űbom éva pa̋dom muxe̋ȝa:
You may drape the flag over the casket.
t-u ṡ̨űb-om éva pa̋d-om mux-e̋ȝa
2s-N casket-A.s over flag-A.s drape-SBJ


  • 11. tára - From one physical position to another via an obstacle that must be traversed vertically, first upwards and then downwards.
mu tűrom tára u-re̋na táádi tum þőnu maaƣe̋ȝa:
I'll climb over the fence so I can help you.
m-u tűr-om tára u=re̋n-a táádi t-um þőn-u maaƣ-e̋ȝa
1s-N gate-A.s over FUT=climb-IND in.order 2s-A help-SUP be.able-SBJ


  • 12. sóma - More than, to a greater degree.
mu abelőm sóma te̋fon me̋e̋ƣa:
I prefer peaches over apples.
m-u abel-őm sóma te̋f-on me̋e̋ƣ-a
1s-N apple-G.p compared.to peach-A.p prefer-IND


  • 13. sépa - Concerning or regarding.
d̬o hűsus leiðþórteelűs rekő' sépa e-ṡa̋ta:
The two boys fought over the referee's decision.
d̬o hűs-us leið-þór-tee-l-űs rek-ő-' sépa e-ṡa̋t-a
two boy-N.p sport-lay-say-AG-G.s decision-G.s-ELIS about PST=fight-IND


  • 14. n̨áxa - Above, implying superiority after a contest, in spite of, notwithstanding.
þőro reeƣűs þoosaṡős n̨áxa þőraþo e-ı̋la:
The law was passed over the king's objections.
þőr-o reeƣ-űs þoos-aṡ-ős n̨áxa þőr-a-þ-o e=ı̋l-a
law-N.s king-G.s against-move-G.s despite enact-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND
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