Senjecas - ahead: Difference between revisions

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m (Orthography revisions. Glossing table added.)
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m===Glossing abbreviations===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|
|}
|}


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===Adverb===
===Adverb===
*1. '''réiþim'''- beyond the head of the ship, toward the prow
*1. '''réiþim'''- beyond the head of the ship, toward the prow
::'''őra ƿa̋ka réiþim:'''
::'''őra m̃m̃a̋ka réiþim:'''
::Full steam ahead!
::Full steam ahead!


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!őra-Ø||ƿa̋k-a||réiþim
!őra-Ø||m̃a̋k-a||réiþim
|-
|-
|all-ABS||power-NOM.SG||ahead
|all-ABS||power-N.s||ahead
|}
|}


*2. ''' ṅófþi''' - in or to the front; in advance; ahead
*2. ''' n̨ófþi''' - in or to the front; in advance; ahead
::'''dı̋mo ca ṅófþi ðę̋a:'''
::'''dı̋mo ṡa n̨ófþi ðe̋e̋a:'''
::The island lies just ahead.
::The island lies just ahead.


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!dı̋m-o||ca||ṅófþi||ðę̋-a
!dı̋m-o||ṡa||n̨ófþi||ðe̋e̋-a
|-
|-
|island-NOM.SG||just||ahead||lie-IND
|island-N.s||just||ahead||lie-IND
|}
|}


*3. '''ṅófþi''' - in the direction one is facing or moving
*3. '''n̨ófþi''' - in the direction one is facing or moving
::'''tu ca ṅófþi fą̋kon na̋ku mą̋ᵹa:'''
::'''tu ṡa n̨ófþi fa̋a̋kon na̋ku ma̋a̋ƣƣa:'''
::Just ahead you can see the cliffs.
::Just ahead you can see the cliffs.


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!t-u||ca||ṅófþi||fą̋k-on||na̋k-u||mą̋ᵹ-a
!t-u||ṡa||n̨ófþi||fa̋a̋k-on||na̋k-u||ma̋a̋ƣ-a
|-
|-
|2s-NOM||just||ahead||cliff-ACC-PL||see-SUP||be.able-IND
|2s-N||just||ahead||cliff-A.p||see-SUP||be.able-IND
|}
|}


*4. '''pósu''' - in the future, preceding, afterwards
*4. '''pósu''' - in the future, preceding, afterwards
::'''ka̋la kę̋sas pós' u-vų̋la:'''
::'''ka̋la ke̋e̋sas pós' u-vűűla:'''
:: There will be hard times ahead.
:: There will be hard times ahead.


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!ka̋la-Ø||kę̋s-as||pós-'||u=vų̋l-a
!ka̋la-Ø||ke̋e̋s-as||pós-'||u=vűűl-a
|-
|-
|hard-ABS||time-NOM.PL||ahead-ELIS||PST=there.be-IND
|hard-ABS||time-N.p||ahead-ELIS||PST=there.be-IND
|}
|}


*5. '''mıme̋ƿu''' - having progressed more.
*5. '''mĭme̋m̃u''' - having progressed more.
::'''nu-dokű' sóma luxsąra̋s túȝa mıme̋ƿu vų̋a:'''
::'''su-dokű' sóma luxsaar̈a̋s túȝa mĭme̋m̃u vűűa:'''
::He is ahead of his class in math.
::He is ahead of his class in math.


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!nu=dok-ű-'||sóma||luxsąr-a̋s||túȝa||mı~me̋ƿ-a-þ-u||vų̋-a
!su=dok-ű-'||sóma||luxsaar̈-a̋s||túȝa||mĭ ~me̋m̃-a-þ-u||vűű-a
|-
|-
|his=class-GEN.SG-EL||than||math-GEN.SG||with.respect.to||CPAR~advance-IND-PP-NOM.SG||be-IND
|his=class-G.s-ELIS||than||math-G.s||with.respect.to||ELT~advance-IND-PP-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}


===Postposition===
===Postposition===
*6. '''ṅópa''' - in front of, before
*6. '''n̨ópa''' - in front of, before
::'''ra̋ȝo núm ṅópa sésvi e-ðę̋a:'''
::'''ra̋ȝo núm n̨ópa sésvi e-ðe̋e̋a:'''
::A hill loomed ahead of them.
::A hill loomed ahead of them.


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!ra̋ȝ-o||n-úm||ṅópa||šín-vi||e=ðę̋-a
!ra̋ȝ-o||n-úm||n̨ópa||šín-vi||e=ðe̋e̋-a
|-
|-
|hill-NOM.SG||3-GEN.PL||ahead.of||threatening-ADV||PST=lie-IND
|hill-N.s||3-G.p||ahead.of||threatening-ADV||PST=lie-IND
|}
|}


*7. '''ṅópa''' - in advance of   
*7. '''n̨ópa''' - in advance of   
::'''ı̨̋ᵹa ḅőlan ḅőlantu. nu nu-ƿa̋lum ṅópa e-ta̋ᵹa:'''
::'''ı̋ı̋ƣa b̨őlan b̨őlantu. su m̃a̋lum n̨ópa e-ta̋ƣa:'''
::He travelled in advance of his master, making the necessary arrangements
::He travelled in advance of (his) master, making the necessary arrangements


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!ı̨̋ᵹa-Ø||ḅől-an||ḅől-a-ntu-Ø||n-u||nu=ƿa̋l-um||ṅópa||e=ta̋ᵹ-a
!ı̨̋ƣa-Ø||b̨ől-an||b̨ől-a-ntu-Ø||s-u||m̃a̋l-um||n̨ópa||e=ta̋ƣ-a
|-
|-
|necessary-ABS||arrangement-ACC.PL||arrange-IND-AP-ABS||3-NOM.SG||his=master-ACC.SG||in.advance.of||PST=travel-IND
|necessary-ABS||arrangement-A.p||arrange-IND-AP-ABS||3-N.s||master-A.s||in.advance.of||PST=travel-IND
|}
|}


*8. '''ṅópa''' - preceding; before
*8. '''n̨ópa''' - preceding; before
::'''tús ṅópa pı̋ðo ta̋ᵹom ᵹe̋va:'''
::'''tús n̨ópa pı̋ðo ta̋ƣom ƣe̋va:'''
::You have a long trip ahead of you.
::You have a long trip ahead of you.


::{|Class=wikitable
{| Class=wikitable
!t-ús||ṅópa||pı̋ðo-Ø||ta̋ᵹ-om||ᵹe̋v-a
!t-ús||n̨ópa||pı̋ðo-Ø||ta̋ƣ-om||ƣe̋v-a
|-
|-
|2s-GEN.SG||ahead.of||long-ABS||trip-ACC.SG||have-IND
|2s-G||ahead.of||long-ABS||trip-A.s||have-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:26, 21 July 2017

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a õ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


m===Glossing abbreviations===

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative F = feminine INT = intensive prefix QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FRQ = frequentative M = masculine REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person AG = agent ELIS = elision FUT = future PP = patient (past) participle RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle EP = epenthesis IMP = imperative PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative ELT = elative INC = inchoative PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) IND = indicative PST = past


Adverb

  • 1. réiþim- beyond the head of the ship, toward the prow
őra m̃m̃a̋ka réiþim:
Full steam ahead!
őra-Ø m̃a̋k-a réiþim
all-ABS power-N.s ahead
  • 2. n̨ófþi - in or to the front; in advance; ahead
dı̋mo ṡa n̨ófþi ðe̋e̋a:
The island lies just ahead.
dı̋m-o ṡa n̨ófþi ðe̋e̋-a
island-N.s just ahead lie-IND
  • 3. n̨ófþi - in the direction one is facing or moving
tu ṡa n̨ófþi fa̋a̋kon na̋ku ma̋a̋ƣƣa:
Just ahead you can see the cliffs.
t-u ṡa n̨ófþi fa̋a̋k-on na̋k-u ma̋a̋ƣ-a
2s-N just ahead cliff-A.p see-SUP be.able-IND
  • 4. pósu - in the future, preceding, afterwards
ka̋la ke̋e̋sas pós' u-vűűla:
There will be hard times ahead.
ka̋la-Ø ke̋e̋s-as pós-' u=vűűl-a
hard-ABS time-N.p ahead-ELIS PST=there.be-IND
  • 5. mĭme̋m̃u - having progressed more.
su-dokű' sóma luxsaar̈a̋s túȝa mĭme̋m̃u vűűa:
He is ahead of his class in math.
su=dok-ű-' sóma luxsaar̈-a̋s túȝa mĭ ~me̋m̃-a-þ-u vűű-a
his=class-G.s-ELIS than math-G.s with.respect.to ELT~advance-IND-PP-N.s be-IND


Postposition

  • 6. n̨ópa - in front of, before
ra̋ȝo núm n̨ópa sésvi e-ðe̋e̋a:
A hill loomed ahead of them.
ra̋ȝ-o n-úm n̨ópa šín-vi e=ðe̋e̋-a
hill-N.s 3-G.p ahead.of threatening-ADV PST=lie-IND
  • 7. n̨ópa - in advance of
ı̋ı̋ƣa b̨őlan b̨őlantu. su m̃a̋lum n̨ópa e-ta̋ƣa:
He travelled in advance of (his) master, making the necessary arrangements
ı̨̋ƣa-Ø b̨ől-an b̨ől-a-ntu-Ø s-u m̃a̋l-um n̨ópa e=ta̋ƣ-a
necessary-ABS arrangement-A.p arrange-IND-AP-ABS 3-N.s master-A.s in.advance.of PST=travel-IND
  • 8. n̨ópa - preceding; before
tús n̨ópa pı̋ðo ta̋ƣom ƣe̋va:
You have a long trip ahead of you.
t-ús n̨ópa pı̋ðo-Ø ta̋ƣ-om ƣe̋v-a
2s-G ahead.of long-ABS trip-A.s have-IND
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