Senjecas - List of Postpositions

List of Postpositions – posaɱős nemle̋ƶo

• 1. áda denotes in association or connection with: among(st), with(in).

a custom popular among(st)/with the desert people

ɱą̋st-o	leuð-űs	áða	le̋uð-a	gű-a:
desert-ATT	people-STA.SG	among	popular-ATT	custom-NOM.SG

It is not within my power to free you from prison.

koldem-ős	áfa	t-um	še̋v-u	muɱak-a̋s	áða	vű-a	ne:
prison-STA.SG	from	2-MOT.SG	free-SUP	my=power-STA.SG	within	be-IND	not

• 2. áfa denotes separation from support, attachment or position: off, from, of.

one of us

ɱ-úm	áfa	se̋m
1-NOM.PL	of	one

The rider fell off the skittish horse.

mı̋ml-u	ṭe̋ᵹs-e	mőr-em	áfa	e=fǫ̋l-a:
rider-NOM.SG	skittish-ATT	horse-MOT.SG	off	PST=fall-IND

The corrupt mayor was removed from office yesterday.

dus-pőrv-u	rįȝne̋ȝ-u	boþ-a̋s	áfa	hes-áh-vi	dų̋r-a-þ-u	e-ı̋l-a:
dis-honest-ATT	mayor-NOM.SG	office-STA.SG	from	yester-day-ADV	remove-IND-PPTP-ATT	PST=become-IND

• 3. ána denotes change to, toward, or at an elevated place literally or figuratively: up, into.

The threatened milkmaid quickly ran up the hill.

se̋s-a-þ-u	į=ṡų̋þl-u	ra̋ȝ-om	ána	ą́þ-vi	e=rę̋s-a:
threaten-IND-PPTCP-ATT	FEM=milker-NOM.SG	hill-MOT.SG	up	quuick-ADV	PST=run-IND

The sailors will row their boat up the sluggish river.

nąɱl-us	ǧɔ̋d-e	dą̋-em	ána	nu=ną̋ɱ-om	u=ę̋r-a:
sailor-NOM.PL	sluggish-ATT	river-MOT.SG	up	their=boat-MOT.SG	FUT=row-IND

• 4. ápa denotes removal from or location at a certain place or time either literally or figuratively: from, away from.

The herd of red deer ran away from the prowling lion.

ląn-e̋m	ta̋d-o	rę̋p-a-nt-e	sı̋nᵹ-em	ápa	e=rę̋s-a
red.deer-STA.SG	herd-NOM.SG	prowl-IND-APTCP-ATT	lion-MOT.SG	away.from	PST=run-IND

The barber and his family are away from home now.

ża̋rl-u=k̬e	nu=ða̋m-u=k̬e	nom-ős	ápa	ímu	vų̋-a
barber-NOM.SG=and	his=family-NOM.SG=and	home-STA.ST	away.from	now	be-IND

The friendly stranger is from that town across the mountains:

vı̨̋l-u	a̋iþ-u	ǧar-őm	tára	o=cimƶ-ős	ápa	e̋s-a:
friendly-ATT	stranger-NOM.SG	mountain-STA.PL	across	that=town-STA.SG	from	be-IND

• 5. áv̌a denotes made with or composed of; used in a culinary sense: made with.

This delicious cake is made with honey.

da̋l-o	i=vőɱaþ-o	melit-ős	áv̌a	e̋s-a:
delicious-ATT	this=cake-NOM.SG	honey-STA.SG	made.with	be-IND

• 6. ba denotes on or toward the exterior of: outside, without.
• 7. ċóga denotes or in exchange for, literally or figuratively: (in-, -exchange-, -return-) -for.
• 8. dása denotes on the authority: by.
• 9. déla denotes reference: with reference to, as to.
• 10. déxa denotes in order to obtain or acquire: for.
• 11. do denotes motion towards literally or figuratively: to, toward(s), at, into.
• 12. dúka denotes at or during a time anterior to; by, no later than, of, to.
• 13. dúna denotes time anterior to: before, by, no later than, of, to.
• 14. ðę́a denotes in place of, replacement or preference: for, instead of, in lieu of, rather than.
• 15. éba denotes eventuality: in case of, against.
• 16. éha denotes movement or direction from the inside to the outside: (out) of, from (within).
• 17. éȝa denotes in the charge of: in the charge-, keeping-, -of, with.
• 18. éna denotes stationary position or location within or movement into: at, in, into, on, to.
• 19. épa denotes accordance with: after the manner of, after, at, behind, by, in, on the authority of, un¬der, according to, in terms of.
• 20. éra denotes done for the benefit, sake, or interest of someone, for.
• 21. éta denotes addition: as well as, besides, in addition to.
• 22. éva denotes position on top of literally or figuratively: on, over, to, upon.
• 23. fára denotes in preparation for: for.
• 24. fésa denotes before in time: before, previous to.
• 25. fytűȝa denotes without regard to: regardless of.
• 26. góþa denotes similarity or likeness: like, similar to.
• 27. ha denotes causality: at, because of, by, for, in, of, on account of, by reason of, in consequence of, as a result of, out of, over, owing-, due -to, from, through, under, with.
• 28. íla denotes change from one form into another: into.
• 29. ȝéta denotes relating to someone or something: toward, in relation to.
• 30. ȝóba denotes proximity: near, about, by, next to, on, close to.
• 31. ȝúa denotes interiority: inside, within.
• 32. ȝúca denotes situation or partition between two or more entities: among(st), (in) between, through, with.
• 33. kę́sa denotes from a past time: since.
• 34. kía denotes agency: by.
• 35. kóma denotes physical proximity: about, beside, by, next to, on. about, beside, by, next to, on.
• 36. kúȝa denotes in thanksgiving for: thanks to.
• 37. lą́ba denotes hanging down from.
• 38. la denotes on this side of.
• 39. méca denotes in a parallel direction: along, alongside of.
• 40. með- denotes the middle; the exact meaning is determined by the postposition to which it is prefixed.
• 41. méða denotes surrounded by: amid.
• 42. méta denotes at the same time as.
• 43. méþa denotes in the center of.
• 44. mǫ́da denotes the manner, method, way by which something is done.
• 45. ɱása denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the north when facing the rising sun: on-, to-, -the left.
• 46. néra denotes at or to a lower level than something else literally or figuratively: behind, below, beneath, under(neath).
• 47. nóma denotes to or at the home of someone.
• 48. ṅa denotes change to, toward or at a lower place either literally or figuratively.
• 49. ṅáxa denotes disregard for; despite, in spite of, for, in face of, notwithstanding.
• 50. ṅópa denotes in a position forward of: in front of, before, ahead of, against
• 51. o denotes the indirect object of the verb: for, to; or indicates a relationship to an adjective: to.
• 52. ɔ́na denotes on the farther side of time or space literally or figuratively: after, behind, beyond, by, on-, -the other side of, outside, past.
• 53. pą́ta denotes to the extent of: by.
• 54. péga denotes position at or movement towards the side of something or someone; at-, to-, -the side of
• 55. pósa denotes posterior to in time or space; after, behind, following.
• 56. rę́ga denotes assistance; with help.
• 57. réiða denotes a means of conveyance; by.
• 58. ríza denotes support; in-, -support-, -favor-, -of.
• 59. sána denotes having a lack of something; without.
• 60. sépa denotes reference or interest; concerning, concern with, about.
• 61. sį́ra denotes up to a limit; at the edge of, as far as, as many as, to, until/till, (up) to.
• 62. sóma denotes comparison, compared to, than.
• 63. súna denotes accompaniment in time or space; with, in company with, along with.
• 64. ša denotes exception; apart from, beside, besides, but for, except, save, not to-, -speak of, -mention, other than, outside.
• 65. šéda denotes possessing the character or quality of: characteristic of, with.
• 66. tą́da denotes purpose; for.
• 67. táła denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the south when facing the rising sun: on, to-, -the right of.
• 68. tára denotes motion from one side to the other; across, on the other side of, over.
• 69. túȝa denotes with respect or regard to; in/with regard to, with respect to, regarding, as regards, about, with, on, for, in.
• 70. þáfa denotes duration or extension through space literally or figuratively; (all) over, through(out).
• 71. þála denotes in honor of.
• 72. þę́xa denotes based on: based-, depending-, -on.
• 73. þifápa denotes great distance from: far away from.
• 74. þǫ́sa denotes in opposition to, in contact with: against, contrary to, into, on, opposed to, opposite, up, with.
• 75. þóla denotes at or to the two sides of a place or thing: astraddle, astride, on both sides of.
• 76. þóna denotes with the assistance of: with the-, -help-, -assistance-, -of.
• 77. ų́da denotes from the inside to the outside, both literally or figuratively: from, out of.
• 78. úfa denotes the position of the body with the front toward the object; facing.
• 79. úpa denotes to or at a higher level than something else literally or figuratively; above, over.
• 80. vǫ́a denotes encirclement or in or to various directions or locations: around.
• 81. xéma denotes instrumentality; with, by (means of).