User:Masako/nkala: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
<i>horse</i> - <i>stallion</i> - <i>mare</i> | <i>horse</i> - <i>stallion</i> - <i>mare</i> | ||
<h2> | <h2>Pronouns</h2> | ||
There are no gender distinctions between "he" and "she". If gender is significant, one can use words like <b>tlaka, naka, tahi, nahi</b> (<i>man, woman, boy, girl</i>), etc. | |||
<b>na</b> - <small>1sg</small> - <i>I, me</i><br> | |||
<b>ta</b> - <small>2sg</small> - <i>you</i><br> | |||
<b>ha</b> - <small>3sg</small> - <i>he; she</i><br> | |||
<b>tla</b> - <small>4sg</small> - <i>it</i> (inanimate; also used for impersonal)<br> | |||
<b>kam</b> - <small>3pl</small> - <i>they, them</i><br> | |||
<b>na'am</b> - <small>1pl.EXCL</small> - <i>we (but not you)</i><br> | |||
< | Pronoun modifiers:<br> | ||
<b>-m</b> - <small>PL</small> - plural<br> | |||
<b>-nku</b> - <small>RECP</small> - reciprocal<br> | |||
<b>e-</b> - <small>P</small> - patient (object)<br> | |||
<b>-i</b> - <small>REFL</small> - reflexive<br> | |||
<b>-yo</b> - <small>POSS</small> - possessive<br> | |||
<h1>Verbs</h1> | <h1>Verbs</h1> | ||
Revision as of 10:41, 3 June 2015
Word order
Kala has an extremely regular grammar, with very few exceptions to its rules. Sentences are made up of one or more phrases. Each phrase consists of a verb and a subject. The basic word order is always <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject–object–verb" target="_blank">SOV</a>.
yohano empa
John run
John runs. or John is running.
maliya yohano anya
Mary John see
Mary sees John. or Mary is looking at John
Nouns
The roles of nouns in a sentence are indicated through prepositions and word order. There are no cases.
Plurals are not marked as frequently as in English and tend to only be marked for accuracy. They are never marked if another quantifying suffix is used, or if there is a number present. Plural nouns are formed by appending -m or -lo if the final syllable contains m. This does not alter the stress:
tsaka - tsakam
house - house-pl
house - houses
yama - yamalo
mountain - mountain-pl
mountain - mountains
Gender is typically not indicated. If necessary, nouns may be modified by -ta (male) or -na (female):
uma - umata - umana
horse - horse-MASC - horse-FEM
horse - stallion - mare
Pronouns
There are no gender distinctions between "he" and "she". If gender is significant, one can use words like tlaka, naka, tahi, nahi (man, woman, boy, girl), etc.
na - 1sg - I, me
ta - 2sg - you
ha - 3sg - he; she
tla - 4sg - it (inanimate; also used for impersonal)
kam - 3pl - they, them
na'am - 1pl.EXCL - we (but not you)
Pronoun modifiers:
-m - PL - plural
-nku - RECP - reciprocal
e- - P - patient (object)
-i - REFL - reflexive
-yo - POSS - possessive
